Thomas Alva Edison (English: Thomas Alva Edison, 1847-1931), an American electrician and entrepreneur, holds many important invention patents and was awarded the "Menlo Park Award" by the media. He is the first inventor in history to use mass production principles and industrial research laboratories to produce patented inventions. He has more than 2,000 inventions, including the phonograph, movie camera, tungsten light bulb, etc., which have greatly impacted the world. In the United States, Edison has 1,093 patents to his name, and his total number of patents in the United States, Britain, France, Germany and other places exceeds 1,500. Founded General Electric Company in 1892. He is the greatest inventor of all time, and so far, no one in the world has broken the world record for the number of patents created by him.
Edison (1847-1931) was a world-famous American electrician, known as the "King of Inventions in the World." In addition to his inventions and contributions in phonographs, electric lights, telegraphs, movies, telephones, etc., he also has many famous creations and insights in mining, construction, chemical industry and other fields. Edison and his company employees accumulated more than a thousand invention patents in their lifetime, making great contributions to human civilization and progress. He holds more than 1,000 invention patents in his lifetime.
Edison
Edison was also a great entrepreneur. In 1879, Edison founded the "Edison Electric Lighting Company". In 1880, incandescent lamps were put on the market. In 1890, Edison had Organizes its various businesses into the Edison General Electric Company. In 1891, Edison patented his thin-filament, high-vacuum incandescent light bulb. In 1892, Tom Houston Company and Edison Electric and Lighting Company merged to form the "General Electric Company", beginning GE's century-long dominance in all electrical fields. Edison
Edison is also known as the "Father of Light", "Prometheus in Reality", and "The King of Inventions". He owned incandescent lamps, phonographs, carbon telephone microphones, and movie projectors. Thousands of invention patents.
As well as being an inventor, Edison also engaged in manufacturing and organized several companies, the most important of which later became General Electric Company.
Although Edison did not have the temperament of a purely theoretical scientist, he made a major scientific discovery. In 1882, he discovered that in a near-vacuum state, electric current can pass between wires that are not in contact with each other. This phenomenon is called the Edison effect. It not only has great theoretical significance, but also has important practical applications, which finally led to the invention of vacuum tubes and electronics. Establishment of industry.
Edison suffered from severe deafness for most of his life. He died in Orange, New Jersey in 1931.
Childhood
When Edison was a child, Edison loved to ask questions. He often asked strange questions that made people feel very annoyed, whether it was his family or pedestrians on the road. If the subject of the question is dissatisfied with the adult's answer, he will personally experiment. For example, once Al saw a hen hatching eggs, and he asked his mother why the hen always sat there all day long. His mother told him that the hen was incubating eggs, and Al thought that if the hen could do it, I could do it too. A few days later, his parents found that Al had been squatting in the lumber room, not knowing what he was doing. When the family found out that Al was incubating eggs, Everyone burst into laughter when the eggs were cooked.
When Al was eight years old, he went to elementary school, but he dropped out of school after only three months of classes. When Al was in class, his mother was often called to school to talk to the teacher. This was because Al often asked some questions that the teacher thought were strange. The teacher thought he was a retarded child, so his mother decided to teach Al herself and determined to teach Al into a great genius. In this way, Al began his self-study course. Al was taught well by his mother. Later, Al also got permission to set up a laboratory in the basement. In order to prevent others from tampering with his experimental products, Al also came up with a clever plan, which was to put stickers on the bottles of each experimental product. Label poison.
One morning when he was twelve years old, Al suddenly said to his mother, "Mom, I want to go sell newspapers, okay?" After hearing this, his mother was shocked and his father was also very angry. However, after Al repeatedly begged his parents, he finally agreed. He happily ran to the railway company and got permission to sell newspapers on the train. It is a hundred kilometers away from the free shipping port to Detroit. After Al worked as a newspaper boy on the bus for several months, he opened two stores in Detroit, one of which sold magazines and the other sold vegetables, fruits, cream, etc. , he also hired two teenagers to help look after the store, and agreed to share the dividends with them. Soon the railway line added another train, and Al sent a newsboy to sell with the train. In this way, a twelve-year-old newsboy had already felt that Became a young capitalist. In 1861, the Civil War broke out in the United States due to the issue of emancipation of slaves. Edison ordered several times more newspapers than usual to put on the train and sold them at a higher price, which actually made him a lot of money; he saw that it was very difficult to run newspapers. It was easy to make money, so I decided to use the funds to edit and publish my own newspaper, named "News Weekly". In August 1862, Edison used fearless heroism to rescue a boy who was about to be killed on the train tracks. The child's father was grateful for this, but since he had no money to repay him, he was willing to teach him telegraph skills. From then on, Edison became involved with this mysterious new world of electricity and embarked on a scientific journey.
Experimenting "The Power of Fire"
When Edison was 6 years old, he saw the blacksmith burning iron in a blazing fire and then hammering it into various shapes. When he picked up the tools, he shook his big head and asked one question after another: What is fire? After returning home, little Edison began his first experiment in his wooden shed. He brought hay and lit it, trying to figure out what fire was. Suddenly, thick smoke billowed and flames flew randomly. Edison hid aside and watched happily. By the time my father and neighbors arrived to put out the fire, the wooden shed had been reduced to ashes. Neighbors said: "This child is possessed, and even his own house will be set on fire!" How could the adults have thought that the innocent Edison was doing an "experiment"!
The Wandering Years
Edison (19 photos) Another time Edison lost his job because he used his invention in the wrong place - he was working as a night shift operator at the Railway Bureau. , the Railway Bureau stipulates that after nine o'clock in the evening, in order to prevent staff from being lazy and sleeping, the operator must send a signal to the train service center every hour. So Edison made his own automatic timing transmitter, which made Edison the most punctual and reliable telegraph operator in the world. However, during a check, the train director discovered Edison who was sleeping and this ingenious machine. Although the director admired his talent, what the railway bureau needed was an honest and peaceful operator, not An inventor, so Edison was fired again! In 1863, Edison served as a telegraph operator at the Stratford Junction Station of the Grand Trunk Railway. From 1864 to 1867, he worked as a telegraph operator in various places in the Midwest and lived a wandering life. Traveled to Stratford, Adrian, Fort Wayne, Indianapolis, Cincinnati, Nashville, Tennessee, Memphis, and Louisville (Louisville), Huron, etc.
Before the young Edison was 21 years old, Edison could be said to have frequently changed jobs, traveling around some telecommunications and telegraph companies. Until he came to New York, relying on his understanding of machinery and excellent maintenance skills, he slowly He made a name for himself and established his own engineering company, specializing in manufacturing and improving some business machines, such as gold market monitors, stock market monitors, gold price printing presses and other commercial machines. He also developed and manufactured various scientific instruments.
Early inventions
In 1868, Edison came to Boston as a telegraph operator. In the same year, he received his first invention patent. This is a device that automatically records votes. Edison thought the device would speed up the work of Congress and would be welcomed. However, one MP told him that they did not need to speed up the agenda and that sometimes voting slowly was politically necessary. From then on, Edison decided not to make any inventions that people didn't need. In early June 1869, he came to New York to look for work.
While he was waiting to be summoned at a broker's office, a telegraph machine broke down. Edison was the only one there who could fix the telegraph, and he got a job that was better than he expected. In October, he and Pope jointly established the "Pop-Edison Company", specializing in scientific instruments for electrical engineering.
Here, he invented the "Edison Printing Press." He dedicated the printing press to the manager of a large Wall Street company. He wanted to ask for $5,000, but he didn't have the courage to say it. So he asked the manager to give him a price, and the manager gave him $40,000. Edison used the money to build a factory on Ward Street in Newark, New Jersey, specializing in manufacturing various electrical machinery. He worked all night long and trained many capable assistants. At the same time, he also met the diligent Mary (Mary Stilwell), who later became his first wife. In Newark, he made inventions such as wax paper and mimeograph machines. From 1872 to 1875, Edison successively invented the double and quadruple telegraph machines, and also helped others create the world's first English typewriter.
Marriage and Family
On Christmas Day in 1871, 24-year-old Thomas Alva Edison met Edison’s first wife Mary, who had only known him for 2 months. 16-year-old Mary Stilwell held a lively wedding. Starting from the winter of 1881, Edison spent more and more time living in New York, while his time in Menlo Park became shorter and shorter. His wife and children all live in New York, and Menlo Park, his hometown, has become a place specially designed for summer escape. The Edison family spent several summers in Menlo Park.
In 1884, Edison was 37 years old. This year was a sad year for Edison. In the summer of 1884, Mary Edison contracted typhoid fever here, a dangerous disease. At first I thought she just had a cold and would be fine after taking some medicine. Therefore, Edison, who was fighting in New York, did not visit her. Mary's sister Alice and the doctors tried their best to take care of her every day and stayed by her bedside.
Soon, his wife's condition worsened, and Edison did not go to the institute for several days. Edison was laughed at as a "work bug". It was rare for him to come to the institute, so his colleagues were very worried. Mrs. Edison's hope of recovery was lost. In the early morning of August 9, 1884, Mary Edison died of a brain tumor that failed to treat. After the funeral ceremony was held in the residence, the coffin was transported to a small station and taken by train to her childhood hometown of New York. News of her death was issued on August 16: The wife of the famous inventor Edison died suddenly on Saturday, August 9, in Menlo Park, New Jersey. A funeral was held on the afternoon of the 12th, with more than 400 guests present. Among them were Edison, the manager of the Edison Company, and Johnson, the deputy manager, Laurel, DeNavarro and Roosevelt. There are a lot of flowers sent to pay homage to guests. She is buried in Mount Pleasant Cemetery, New York.
After Mrs. Edison died, she left him three young children, Dot, 11, Thomas Alva Jr., 8, and William Rice, 6. L). The death of his wife made him feel lonely as never before. Yet he had to keep working. He cannot stop working because of this. He rented his house to William and Alice Holzer and sent the children to New York to be cared for by his grandmother Stillwell.
Menlo Park could give the inventor nothing but sad memories, so he moved out all the mechanical parts, medicines, instruments, etc. and abandoned it. A few years later, the old house burned down due to a lightning strike, and the old electric light factory next to the Pennsylvania Railroad also burned down. After Edison moved out, farmers moved in.
The large room above the laboratory was rented out for dance parties. L M Hussey used it as the headquarters for his pipe band and erected a stage at the back. The downstairs floor was once used as a cattle shed. The ancient building gradually fell apart, its timbers were removed to build nearby houses, and finally it collapsed.
The east end of the brick machine shop owned by Edison's second wife, Mina Miller, was converted into a storage room for the Menlo Park Fire Department to store debris. The other end also served as a bullpen for a time.
There was a farmer named Thomas J. McConnell who lived in that glass house and raised many pigs on the pasture. Later, a family named Willcox moved into the house that was the former office and raised many chickens in the house.
In the years between 1884 and 1885, Edison's life was lonely and monotonous. When Mary was alive, she did not have many demands on Tom. She loved him and understood the importance of his career. Edison did not have so much time for family life, but Mary was always waiting for him. Edison was very lonely and monotonous, and he may have apologized to her for not spending a lot of time with her.
In 13 years of marriage, they had 1 daughter and 2 sons: Marion Estelle Edison, Thomas Alva Edison Jr. and William Leslie Edison . Two years later, 39-year-old Edison married 20-year-old Mina Miller in Akron, Ohio. They also had three children: Madeleine Edison, Charles Edison (successor to Edison's chairmanship and was elected governor of New Jersey), and Theodore Edison. Mina died on August 24, 1947.
Major inventions
In the spring of 1876, Edison moved again, this time to "Menlo Park" in New Jersey. Here he built the first "invention factory", which "marked the beginning of collective research." In 1876, Edison established his experimental invention center in Menlo Park in southern New York, which is what we generally call the "Edison Invention Factory." It has sophisticated equipment and instruments, as well as a group of talented experts of all kinds. From 1876 to 1887, this group of scientists headed by Edison conducted systematic, complex, and diverse scientific research and development work here. If Edison's inventions created in Menlo Park were listed in a table, I'm afraid the table would extend from the table to the floor. Many of the items in it are unfamiliar and difficult for us to understand, but there are also many that are closely related to our lives.
In 1877, Edison improved the early telephone invented by Bell and put it into practical use. He also invented one of his pet projects - the phonograph.
Edison’s telephone and telegraph “were a revolution that expanded human sensory functions”; the phonograph was one of the three great inventions that changed people’s lives. “From the perspective of his inventive imagination, this was his most important invention. Achievement". By this time, he was known as "The Magician of Menlo Park."
While inventing the phonograph, Edison finally made a breakthrough in the research on electric lights after numerous failures. On October 22, 1879, Edison ignited the first electric light with widespread practical value. In order to extend the life of the filament, he tried again and tried more than 6,000 fiber materials before he found a new luminous body - Japanese bamboo filament, which can last for more than 1,000 hours, achieving the purpose of durability. In a way, this invention was the pinnacle achievement of Edison's life. He then created a power supply system that allowed distant lamps to distribute power from a central power station, a major technological achievement.
His first purely scientific discovery appeared in 1883. While experimenting with electric lamps, he observed what he called the Edison effect: a charge inside a lit bulb traveling from a hot filament through space to a cold plate. Edison patented his discovery in 1884 but did not pursue further research. Other scientists used the Edison effect to study and develop the electronic industry, especially radio and television. Edison also attempted to do for the eyes what the phonograph had done for the ears, and this is where the movie camera came into being. Using a strip of George Eastman's newly invented celluloid film, he took a series of photographs and projected them onto a screen in rapid succession, creating the illusion of movement. He first experimented with film in the laboratory in 1889 and applied for a patent in 1891. In 1903, his company produced its first feature film, "The Train Robbery." Edison did much to organize and standardize the motion picture industry. After Edison moved his laboratory to West Orange in 1887, he founded a number of commercial companies to manufacture and market his many inventions; these companies later merged to form the Edison General Electric Company, later known as the Edison General Electric Company. General Electric Company.
Thereafter, his interests turned to fluoroscopy, ore crushers, magnetic separation of iron, batteries and railway signaling devices.
During World War I, he developed torpedo mechanisms, jets, and underwater periscopes.
Edison's marriage and family led Edison to begin experiments to reform the arc lamp in 1877, proposing to divide the current and convert the arc lamp into a white light lamp. This test needs to be done satisfactorily. It is necessary to find a substance that can burn to white heat to make a filament. This filament must withstand burning at a temperature of 2,000 degrees for more than 1,000 hours. At the same time, it should be simple to use, able to withstand the bumps of daily use, and low in price. It should also ensure that the turning on and off of one lamp does not affect the turning on and off of any other lamp, and maintain the relative independence of each lamp. This was a very bold idea at the time and required great efforts to explore and test. In order to explore this substance for filaments, Edison first experimented with carbonized substances. After failure, he experimented with platinum and iridium high-melting point alloys for filaments. He also experimented with 1,600 types of high-quality ores and ore seedlings. Different experiments have failed. But by this time he and his assistants had made great progress and knew that the incandescent filament must be sealed in a highly vacuumed glass ball to prevent it from burning easily. In this way, his experiments returned to carbon filaments. He worked day and night on research and experiments. In the first half of 1880, Edison's incandescent lamp experiment still had no results. He has more than 200 experimental notebooks, totaling more than 40,000 pages, which took three years to complete. He works eighteen or nineteen hours a day. At three or four o'clock every morning, he would sleep under the experimental table with two or three books on his head. Sometimes he slept on the stool three or four times a day, for only half an hour each time.
By the first half of 1880, Edison's incandescent lamp experiments still had no results, and even his assistants were discouraged. One day, he tore a piece of bamboo silk tied around a banana fan in the laboratory into thin filaments, carbonized it and made it into a filament. The result this time was better than all the previous experiments. This is Edison. The earliest incandescent electric lamp invented - the bamboo filament electric lamp. This bamboo filament electric lamp continued for many years. It was not replaced until the invention of tungsten filament in 1908. The alkaline storage battery that Edison began to develop after this was very difficult, and his research spirit was even more amazing. This kind of battery is used to provide motive power.
He and a selected assistant have been painstakingly researching for nearly ten years and experienced many hardships and failures. One moment he thought he had reached his destination, but the next moment he knew he was wrong. But Edison never wavered and started over. After about 50,000 tests and more than 150 test notes, the goal was achieved.
Edison reference: Edison was studious, good at thinking, and hardworking throughout his life. At the age of 75, he still went to the laboratory to sign in on time every day. He worked almost ten hours a day for decades, and even at night Reading for 3 to 5 hours in the study, if calculated based on the activity time of an ordinary person's life, his life has been extended exponentially. Therefore, on Edison's 79th birthday, he proudly said to people, I am already 135 years old. He lived to the age of 84 and made as many as 1,100 inventions in his life. His greatest contribution was the invention of the phonograph and the automatic telegraph, and his experiments and improvements in incandescent lamps and telephones. Edison began researching electric lamps in his early 20s. Over a period of more than 10 years, he successively selected thousands of different materials such as bamboo, cotton, graphite, and tantalum as filament materials for experiments. He often stayed up all night. On one occasion, he and his assistants worked continuously for 5 days. day and night. In 1879, Edison used bamboo carbon filament as an incandescent filament and ignited it for 40 hours. Because the surface of carbon wire is porous and brittle, its strength is very low. It was not until 1908 that it was replaced by metal tungsten wire.
The death of a great man
Edison On October 21, 1929, on the 50th anniversary of the invention of the electric light, people held a grand celebration for Edison. Albert Ein of Germany Famous scientists such as Stan and France's Marie Curie (born in Poland) congratulated him. Unfortunately, at this celebration, when Edison was giving a speech, he suddenly fainted due to excessive excitement. From then on, his health deteriorated. He passed away peacefully in his sleep at 3:24 a.m. on October 18, 1931, at his home in West Orange, New Jersey. This scientist who had made great contributions to mankind died of illness at the age of 84.
In order to commemorate Edison, the U.S. government ordered a nationwide blackout for one minute. At 6:59 on October 21, 1931, lights were turned off in Hollywood and Denver; at 7:59 in the eastern United States, the lights were turned off for one minute; at 8:59, streetcars in Chicago and the elevated subway stopped running; everything from the Mississippi River to the Gulf of Mexico was plunged into darkness; the torch in the hands of the Statue of Liberty in New York was extinguished at 9:59. For a minute, America seemed to have returned to the days of kerosene lamps and gas lights. A minute later, the lights were bright again from coast to coast.
Edit this paragraph of interesting life facts
Edison's Menlo Park Laboratory Edison was curious about many things since he was a child, and he liked to experiment with himself until he understood the truth. When he grew up, he devoted himself to research and invention based on his interests in this area. He established a laboratory in New Jersey and invented more than two thousand things in his lifetime, including the electric light, the telegraph, the phonograph, the movie player, the magnetic separator, the crusher, and so on. Edison's strong research spirit enabled him to make significant contributions to improving human life style.
He began his initial experiments in his wooden shed
Since he was a child, Edison liked to use his distinctive big brain to think about a series of problems. When he saw the blacksmith burning iron in a raging fire and then hammering it into various tools, he shook his big head and asked one question after another: What is fire? Why does fire burn? Why is fire red? Why is the fire so hot? Why does iron turn red after being burned in a fire? Why does iron become soft when it becomes red? Back home, little Edison began his first experiment in his woodshed. He brought hay and lit it, trying to figure out what fire was. However, little Edison's first experiment caused a fire and burned down the wooden shed at home.
“Life is too short, you have to think of more ways to do more things with less time.”
“Waste, the biggest waste is wasting time.” Edison often said to his assistant. "Life is too short, you have to think of more ways to do more things with less time."
One day, Edison was working in the laboratory, and he handed his assistant an empty lamp without a lamp. Glass bulb, said: "You measure the capacity of the bulb." He lowered his head to work again.
After a long time, he asked: "What's the capacity?" He didn't hear the answer. He turned around and saw the assistant holding a soft ruler to measure the circumference and slope of the light bulb, and took the measured number. He leaned over the table and calculated. He said: "Time, time, why does it take so much time?" Edison came over, picked up the empty light bulb, filled it with water, handed it to the assistant, and said: "Pour the water inside into the measuring cup. Tell me its capacity immediately."
The assistant immediately read the number.
Edison said: "This is such an easy measurement method. It is accurate and saves time. How could you not think of it? If you still calculate it, wouldn't it be a waste of time?"
The assistant blushed.
Edison murmured: "Life is too short, too short. Save time and do more things!"
Even while sleeping, he was absorbing the nutrients in the book< /p>
In order to conduct experiments, Edison often did not leave the laboratory or sleep for several days. I was really exhausted, so I took a nap on the experimental table using a book as a pillow. One day, his friend joked about him: "No wonder Edison knew so many inventions. It turned out that he was absorbing the nutrients in the book even while sleeping."
Why can hens hatch chicks? I Just can't
Edison once, when it was time to eat, he still didn't come back. His parents were very anxious and looked around. It wasn't until the evening that they found him in the hay shed next to the yard. When his father saw him lying motionless in the haystack with many eggs, he asked very strangely: "What are you doing?" Little Edison replied calmly: "I am hatching chicks!" It turned out that, When he saw a hen hatching chicks, he thought it was strange and wanted to try it himself. At that time, his father pulled him up in an angry and funny manner and told him that humans cannot hatch chicks. On the way home, he asked in confusion, "Why can hens hatch chicks, but I can't?"
What's the secret in the wild honeycomb
Because Edison was interested in many things, and he often encountered danger.
Once, when he went to the house where wheat was stored, he accidentally fell into the wheat store. The wheat buried his head and could not move. He almost died, but fortunately someone found him in time and grabbed Edison's feet and pulled him out. Another time, he fell into the water and was pulled out like a drowned rat. He himself was quite frightened. When he was 4 years old, he wanted to see what was hidden in a wild bee's nest on the fence, so he poked it with a branch. His face was so red and swollen that he could hardly open his eyes after being stung by a wild bee.
There is nothing unimaginable
When Edison was studying sound films, Edison had already tentatively embarked on a huge undertaking that he had never been exposed to. In 1891, he invented the "Edison Concentrator" and started his own mining business. Unfortunately, the project resulted in a significant loss for Edison. However, although the mining venture failed, it became a classic example of Edison catering to the needs of the country. Henry Ford once said that his principles of mass production were inspired by the layout of Edison's pulverized ore mill.
When Edison returned from the screening plant, he was engaged in the manufacture of cement and the development of new batteries. He drew the plans for the new cement plant in one day and one night, and the design was so thorough that no major additions were made for the next ten years. When he was building a cement plant, he built a raw material machine, a fine grinding mill, and designed a long kiln, which was patented in 1909. In 1910, Edison Cement Company ranked fifth in the country. When Edison was making batteries, he was just like inventing electric lights. He often stayed up all night and tested more than 9,000 times over five months. After it was made, he manufactured it at a factory three miles outside West Orange and it was very popular.
Reason for the change of interest
Edison devoted all his energy to invention and creation, and experimentation and research became his second life. Not long after Edison invented the electric light, he engaged in another major exploration. First and foremost in this momentous exploration was the motion picture camera. The Edison Company began making movies in 1889, but by 1915, production suddenly stopped.
John Mercer, a professor of film at Southern Illinois University in the United States, believes that there may be three main reasons why Edison decided to turn some of his attention to building a movie machine in 1888.
"First of all, the phonograph he invented was a huge success at the time, which made his reputation even more prominent in the world. Edison was interested in all aspects of technology. He later claimed that he did Determined to do for the eyes what the phonograph did for the ears."
Edison said: "It occurred to me that I could devise something that would do for the eyes what the phonograph did for the ears. machine, and then by combining the two, all moving images and sounds can be recorded and reproduced at the same time."
By the end of the 1980s, scientists were actively exploring this possibility, and Edison. In fact, the relevant ideas were made more than 10 years ago. William Bishop's article "A Night with Thomas Edison" published in November 1878 already shows that Edison had already considered it.
"Second, he knows people like Eadweard Muybridge in the United States, Maray in France, and Fless Gering in the United Kingdom. ”
Take Muybridge, for example, who invented a projector called the Zoopraxiscope. This projector projects images through a piece of rotating circular glass, which makes the images appear to be in natural motion. According to "Scientific American" magazine: "The horses projected on the screen in this way, if coupled with the sound of hoofbeats and the occasional snort of the nostrils, will make the audience believe that they are in front of a horse of flesh and blood." However, this photography method exists Fatal flaw. This means that in order to film a horse running for one minute, 720 cameras need to be set up along the track. Moreover, the horse is in the center of each photo. Although its legs appear to be moving, the horse itself does not seem to be moving, but the background is quickly passing by.
Muybridge performed this experimental mirror all over the United States and wrote introduction articles in scientific magazines. On February 25, 1888, Muybridge arrived in West Orange.
We do not know whether Edison participated in the observation, but one thing is certain, that is, Muybridge visited Edison's laboratory two days later. According to his book entitled "Animals in Motion", he "just The possibility of using the phonograph (in combination with an animal image projector) was consulted with Mr. Thomas A. Edison".
Edison Edison agreed in a statement published in the New York World. According to Muybridge's biographer: "Edison enthusiastically supported the suggestion and offered to record the voices of Edwin Booth and Lillian Russell himself, while Muybridge photographed them Movement and expression." This idea was later abandoned because Muybridge felt that the volume of the gramophone was not enough to handle the large audience.
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