Source: www.rdccn.com sauville Research and Data Center.
At present, the international financial crisis, which is rare in history, is bringing a serious impact on China's economy. The just-concluded Central Economic Work Conference emphasized that maintaining steady and rapid economic development should be the primary task in coping with the crisis, and structural adjustment and independent innovation should be the main direction of maintaining growth. We should take this as a mirror, assess the situation with a strategic vision, objectively grasp the historical laws, firmly take independent innovation as the key measure to deal with it, and strive to effectively form new economic growth points and new competitive advantages based on scientific and technological progress and innovation after the crisis.
First, the major global crisis in the past century and its enlightenment to us.
Over the past 100 years, there have been many economic crises in the world, which have profoundly affected the changes in the global economic structure. Practice before and after the crisis has proved that all countries and enterprises that are good at facing difficulties and relying on scientific and technological innovation can quickly get rid of the crisis and achieve a new round of rapid development. Its practice and experience are worth learning today.
1. Technological innovation is a powerful lever to promote stable economic growth in fluctuations. Active technological innovation brings economic prosperity; The downturn of technological innovation often becomes an important cause of economic crisis. With economic fluctuations, some leading industries in the past gradually declined, while other emerging industries flourished under the impetus of innovation and became an important force supporting economic recovery and a new round of development. Since 1788, the first economic crisis in the world, this law has appeared repeatedly. Among them, the respective development of the United States, Japan and South Korea in the crisis is a strong proof.
(1) After the Great Depression, the United States quickly entered the peak of industrialization dominated by heavy chemical industry. At the beginning of the 20th century, the United States promoted the rapid expansion of steel, automobile, chemical industry, electricity and other industries through oil exploration, smelting, electric power and electrical technology innovation. Since the automobile industry adopted the major technological innovation of assembly line operation, the production capacity has increased rapidly, and the automobile sales in 1929 exceeded 5 million vehicles. However, with the over-exploitation of investment, overproduction of leading industries and institutional factors led to the outbreak of the Great Depression. During the turbulent period of the Great Depression, new technologies such as communication, chemical synthesis and sound film gradually matured, which promoted the rapid development of emerging manufacturing and cultural and creative industries such as telecommunications, radio and synthetic materials, and promoted economic recovery. By 1939, the United States gradually turned to the peak of industrialization with heavy chemical industry as the mainstay. The Great Depression led to economic retrogression for nearly 30 years, and a new round of technological innovation made the American economy basically recover in only eight years.
(2) After the oil crisis, Japan and the United States relied on technological innovation to make energy-saving and low-energy-consuming industries rise rapidly. When the first oil crisis broke out, Japan suffered the most because of its heavy dependence on imported energy. However, Japan has vigorously promoted the "energy-saving technological revolution", accelerated the independent research and development of new energy utilization technologies and energy-saving technologies, and guided and promoted the shift of industrial structure focus to low-energy industries such as electronic machinery and household appliances. At the same time, it is necessary to curb the scale expansion of traditional industries and encourage technological transformation and equipment renewal of enterprises. For example, the shipbuilding industry implemented capacity expansion control and focused on strengthening ship development, which greatly enhanced its competitiveness and quickly reversed the recession. After 1973, Japan's GDP actually increased by 47%, while primary energy consumption only increased by 17%. By the time the second oil crisis broke out, Japan was the least affected, greatly shortening the gap with the United States. Similarly, during the oil crisis, the American economy, which was dominated by "chimney industries" such as chemicals, steel and automobiles, also suffered a serious blow. After the crisis, the United States vigorously promoted the development of emerging industries with high added value and low energy consumption, which led to the rapid rise of a number of high-tech industries such as communication equipment, computers, aerospace and bioengineering, and became a new leading force in the economy. From 65438 to 0993, 45% of American industrial growth was driven by high-tech industries, and the export of high-tech products accounted for more than 40% of total exports. At the same time, the scale of traditional industries has shrunk, and the proportion of steel industry output value in GDP has dropped from 1.9% to1.6%. The proportion of automobile industry in GDP decreased from 3.7%% to 2. 1%.
(3) After the Asian financial crisis, South Korea quickly entered the high-speed development period of knowledge-intensive industries by relying on technological innovation. Before the Asian financial crisis broke out, the world was entering the "information age", and at this time, South Korea was still pushing forward the industrial scale expansion with heavy chemical industry as the main industry. South Korea's economy was hit hard by the crisis and a large number of enterprises closed down. The actual unemployment rate is as high as 12%, and the economy is almost paralyzed. This prompted the Korean government to make up its mind to rely on innovation to accelerate industrial optimization and upgrading. The State has set up a Science and Technology Committee, promulgated and implemented a special law on scientific and technological innovation and a law on promoting industrial structure upgrading, and increased the scientific and technological funding of colleges and universities from 8.4% to 12%, encouraging and supporting technological development of enterprises, and focusing on developing 28 fields such as computers, semiconductors, biotechnology, new materials, new energy, fine chemicals, and aerospace. In the meantime, the average annual growth rate of the added value of IT industry in Korea reached 16.4%, and its proportion in GDP increased from 8.6% in 1997 to 12.3% in 2000, which contributed 50.5% to economic growth. Not only the basic research level is world-class, but also the industries such as automobile, electronics, metallurgy, shipbuilding, animation and even beauty are in the forefront of the world because of their original ability.
2. Supporting scientific and technological innovation is the core content of the government's strategic measures to deal with the crisis. In the past century, countries that have successfully responded to major crises have a common feature: while stabilizing their economies and resuming production as soon as possible, they pay attention to the cultivation of international competitiveness after the crisis, with special emphasis on the importance of scientific and technological innovation for future development. First, establish and enhance the strategic position of scientific and technological innovation in national development. After the Great Depression, the Roosevelt administration put forward five basic principles for the development of American science and technology, which provided a basic framework for the continuous improvement of the development strategy of American science and technology economy. Japan established the strategy of "building the country through science and technology" during the oil crisis, and promoted "building the country through science and technology innovation" as a basic national policy after the economic crisis in the early 1990s. Singapore was also inspired by the economic crisis in the early 1990s. 199 1 set up the national science and technology research bureau, implement the first five-year plan for science and technology, develop high-tech industries, and quickly get rid of the impact of the Asian financial crisis. South Korea has learned the lessons from the Asian financial crisis, changed from an "export-oriented country" to a "technology-oriented country" and devoted itself to building a "technology-centered society". Second, the investment in science and technology as an important strategic investment, and constantly increase the intensity of work. After World War II, the investment of developed countries in R&D has maintained a steady growth. During the two oil crises, the US government's R&D investment accounted for more than 5% of the fiscal expenditure, and Japan's R&D investment was around 4%, both accounting for more than half of the total domestic R&D investment. After the Asian financial crisis, the Korean government's R&D investment increased sharply, and its proportion in the government's fiscal expenditure rose from 3.6 1% in 1997 to 4.4% in 2006. The third is to deploy cutting-edge technology research and development in advance to lay the foundation for structural transformation. The United States attaches great importance to combining the needs of national military strategy with economic development. During the oil crisis in the 1980s, the United States put forward the Star Wars plan, and vigorously supported the research and development of cutting-edge technologies such as information and communication, space technology and network technology. In the same period, 8 countries in Western Europe/KLOC-0 * * formulated the Eureka Plan, focusing on strengthening research and development in five priority areas, such as computers, robots, communication networks, biotechnology and new materials. It is these future-oriented technological achievements that have laid a solid foundation for the economic transformation of these countries. Fourth, attach importance to the guiding role of science and technology innovation policies. As early as the Great Depression, the Roosevelt administration promulgated the Buy American Act, which stipulated that the federal government must buy American goods and services to protect local enterprises. After the oil crisis broke out, the Japanese government specially formulated the Law on Temporary Measures for the Revitalization of Specific Machinery Industries to provide subsidies, taxes and financial incentives for technological development of key industries. After the impact of the Asian financial crisis, South Korea quickly formulated the "Policy Direction and Development Plan of Knowledge Industry Facing 2 1 Century" to fully develop knowledge-intensive high-tech industries. Fifth, vigorously support the innovation and development of enterprises. While encouraging enterprises to compete freely, the United States has continuously strengthened its support for enterprise innovation. During the oil crisis, the US government and joint ventures jointly implemented the "Sematech Plan", which significantly improved the technical level of semiconductor enterprises and quickly reversed the unfavorable situation in global competition. Since the 1990s, American support for enterprises has expanded to the stage of industrialization of achievements, breaking through the limitations of the previous "pre-competition stage". Japan, South Korea, New Zealand and other countries regard supporting enterprise innovation as the key to enhance national competitiveness, and provide all-round support from research and development to technology commercialization and industrialization to help enterprises enhance their core competitiveness.
3. Technological innovation is the fundamental way for enterprises to survive the crisis and achieve rapid development. Economic turmoil often becomes an important opportunity for enterprise evolution. It is precisely because many world-class large companies never give up technological innovation that the crisis has not only failed to crush them, but has become a rare opportunity to become bigger and stronger and leapfrog development. First, always maintain a strong R&D vitality. /kloc-in the past 0/00 years, these world-class enterprises have created one new industry after another through technological innovation. The development of modern chemical industry started from DuPont and Bayer, the development of modern communication industry started from Bell, the development of modern automobile industry started from Ford, the development of modern steel industry started from Aogang and Nippon Steel, and the development of modern computer industry started from IBM, Intel and Microsoft. Global multinational companies own 70% of global patents and 2/3 of R&D funds, while in the United States, 85% of R&D, 60% of applied research and 16% of basic research are completed by enterprises. Second, it is committed to occupying a leading position in the high-end of the industrial chain. In the crisis, world-class enterprises always adhere to basic and strategic technology research and development, and occupy the commanding heights of the industry through major technological breakthroughs. During 1 1 year before and after the Great Depression, DuPont invested 22 million dollars and 230 scientific and technical personnel to develop synthetic fibers, and successfully developed the world's first synthetic fiber-nylon in 1938, thus laying the foundation for the global synthetic fiber industry and DuPont's leading position in the global chemical industry. The third is to adapt to the rapidly changing market demand with product innovation. Facing the change of market demand in the crisis, world-class enterprises take the initiative to respond and concentrate on developing new products. Japanese auto companies have seized the urgent demand for small energy-saving cars in the oil crisis, quickly organized and developed new models that can save 25%-30% fuel, successfully occupied the global market, and ushered in a golden period of rapid development. By 1980, the annual output of automobiles reached 1 1 10,000, surpassing the United States to become the largest automobile producer at that time. The fourth is to achieve new development through timely transformation and upgrading. World-class enterprises are keenly aware of the latest industrial development trends in the world and gain more development space through strategic transformation. Before 1997, South Korea's Samsung diversified its scale and purchased Sony as its core chip. The crisis made Samsung learn from a painful experience, drastically reorganized its business, sold 10 non-core business units, and devoted itself to the research and development of independent digital technology products. In 2003, it surpassed Sony and became the fastest growing information company in the world.
The history of the century-old crisis tells us: First, scientific and technological innovation is the endogenous driving force for industrial change and sustained economic development. History shows that only by relying on innovation to promote the transformation of development mode and industrial upgrading will we be less affected by the crisis, get out of the crisis faster, and thus develop faster after the crisis. To win the first-class economic competitiveness in the future, we must have the first-class scientific and technological innovation ability, and scientific and technological innovation must lead the economic development at a faster speed, so as to stably support the sustainable development of the future economy. Second, the wise choice of the government is a powerful guarantee for innovation and development. In the crisis, the government should show foresight and courage, vigorously promote independent innovation and structural adjustment, increase support for emerging industries and key technology fields, and stimulate the innovation consciousness and belief of enterprises and the whole society. Third, enterprises must be brave in innovation. Enterprises should have the courage and perseverance to innovate, adjust their development strategies in time, master more core technologies, create more independent intellectual property rights and own brands, and let enterprises always be at the forefront of development.
Second, the root causes of the US financial crisis and its impact on China's scientific and technological innovation
The United States has had some successful experiences and practices in relying on science and technology to promote development, as well as painful lessons and mistakes. The occurrence of this financial crisis deserves our reflection. Although the crisis is directly manifested in the proliferation of subprime derivatives, there are essential reasons such as macro-control decision-making mistakes and out-of-control supervision. Other deep-seated reasons are that after the bursting of the network economy bubble, the United States has been lacking enough innovative achievements to support the rise of emerging industries to make up for the contraction of the network economy and lead to weak economic growth. After World War II, the United States and the former Soviet Union competed for hegemony, invested a lot of financial resources in military research and development, and supported military-related scientific and technological activities in other high-tech fields. As a result, new technologies such as communication, computer and internet were born, which were later transferred to the people and became the engine of new economic development in the United States and even the world in the 1990s. An important feature of American economic development is the obvious civilian pulling effect of national defense technology. Generally speaking, it takes about 10- 15 years for mature military scientific research achievements to be converted into civilian use. After 1990, with the end of the cold war, the United States became the only superpower in the world. After losing its competitors, the United States lost a lot of motivation to invest in military research and development. The defense budget decreased from 190 to 23% of government expenditure to 15% in 2000. The advanced scientific and technological achievements accumulated during the Cold War have basically been exhausted, and a new round of major scientific and technological innovation has been delayed. At the same time, the country's overall investment in science and technology, especially in basic research, has declined, and the investment in research and development has decreased by 5% every year, so that after entering the 2 1 century, there are no new military cutting-edge achievements in the United States that can be transferred to civilian use, and there are no major technological inventions and emerging industries. The Bush administration has adopted a conservative science and technology policy, including reducing the number of science and technology consultants and banning embryonic stem cell research. Although the United States still maintains a strong scientific research strength and some scientific and technological achievements appear constantly, these piecemeal achievements are not enough to fundamentally drive the rapid economic growth. The decline of scientific and technological progress has deprived the American economy of the source of steady growth. In mid-2000, the American economy began to decline. In order to stimulate the economy, the United States did not continue to rely on technology, but turned to finance and real estate. The Federal Reserve cut interest rates continuously 13 times. With the sharp drop in the borrowing cost of bank funds and the relaxation of lending conditions, a large number of unqualified property buyers can also get loans. When a country puts its competitiveness on virtual means without reliable entity support, a crisis arises. In order to pursue their own profits, financial institutions designed many financial derivatives on the basis of "subprime loans", which did not cancel the risks, but passed them on and even aggravated them. The "subprime mortgage" really stimulated housing investment, and the American economy rebounded rapidly. However, at the same time, housing demand soared and house prices rose all the way, which led to overheating in the middle of 2003, so the Federal Reserve tossed it back and raised interest rates 13 times in a row. As a result, the original low-income buyers could not afford the high monthly payment, and finally the bursting of the financial and real estate bubbles led to the financial crisis in the United States and even the world. A country that established its world hegemony by several major technological revolutions has gone astray because it lost the drive of science and technology in this development. The lesson is painful.
First, economic development cannot lose the stable support of the real economy. The real economy is the foundation of a country, especially a big country's stable economic growth and development vitality, and it is also the source and carrier of scientific and technological innovation. The way to resist risks and crises depends on economic strength, and the effective way to increase economic strength is to increase the added value of industries through technological innovation and realize the continuous increase of wealth. When we don't pay attention to industrial development, technological innovation naturally loses its demand and motivation. Without the emergence of emerging industries spawned by major technological revolution, it will not adapt to or support the cyclical changes and development of the economy. Since the postwar, the proportion of GDP created by the real economy in the United States has dropped from 1.78% in 0950 to 33.99% in 2007, especially the contribution of manufacturing industry as the main body of the real economy to GDP has also dropped from 27% in 1950 to 65,438+in 2007. In the same period, the proportion of GDP created by virtual economy increased from 1 1.37% to 20.67%. The decline of American real economy and the unlimited expansion of economic virtualization have weakened not science and technology, but the sustained growth and risk resistance of the economy. The American government seems to have realized this problem. In the next year's budget arrangement of 1 trillion yuan, it is emphasized that the investment in science will be mandatory and the investment in new energy will be encouraged. President-elect Barack Obama put forward a package plan to strongly support scientific research, including doubling the research funding in the next 10 year, permanently implementing the R&D investment reduction and exemption plan, improving crops with new technologies, setting up the President's scientific advisory board, setting up the national chief technology officer, rebuilding the National Aerospace Commission, lifting the ban on stem cell research, and focusing on funding the technological development of clean energy and renewable energy industries.
Second, economic growth cannot lose the micro-foundation of enterprise innovation. The real economy or industrial economy mainly depends on enterprises, which are the main body of economic growth and technological innovation. When the United States weakens the real economy, it loses industries and enterprises, and innovation loses its foundation. Under the temptation of the short-term high return of the virtual economy, the manufacturing industry in the United States has shrunk a lot, and most enterprises naturally lose the motivation and enthusiasm for innovation if they don't produce. Short-term behavior and blind investment are very serious. According to relevant surveys, in recent years, a considerable number of American manufacturing enterprises have engaged in various virtual economic activities, and the attraction of technological innovation and product manufacturing to entrepreneurs has been decreasing. For example, although Ford is a super-large manufacturing enterprise, its pre-tax profit in 2007 was only $800 million from the main business of automobile sales and $5 billion from financial services such as credit leasing. Therefore, it is very important to attach importance to the influence of enterprises on national development, rebuild their confidence in innovation and stimulate industrial vitality.
Third, sustainable development cannot lose the virtuous circle of high-quality investment. The quality of investment determines the quality of economy. When the economy is shrinking, it is necessary to stimulate investment to start demand, but in the short term, the amount of investment is long-term. The low interest rate policy in the United States leads to a decrease in the expected rate of return on social investment, which mainly stimulates low-quality investment. However, the economic growth driven by low-quality and quantitative investment is doomed to be unsustainable, and such a policy will inevitably lead to financial crisis in the long run. Investment should be stimulated by supporting innovation. Any kind of technological innovation that meets the market demand will increase the investment income, thus promoting the increase of enterprise investment and wealth, making investment create its due value and realizing the sustainable development and virtuous circle of economy. This kind of investment is of high quality. After the financial crisis, the American government's crisis rescue plan has been constantly adjusted, from the initial financial funds mainly used to buy low-quality financial assets to the current emphasis on the sustainability of economic development. President-elect Obama proposed to invest 10 billion dollars to support the development of new energy in the future, hoping to provide new support for the future economy of the United States.
The US financial crisis has widened and the global economy has obviously slowed down, which has gradually had a negative impact on China's economy. This crisis has brought opportunities and severe challenges to China's innovation and development. The key to turning "crisis" into "opportunity" is to rely on scientific and technological innovation to rapidly enhance the core competitiveness of the industry.
The crisis brings new opportunities for scientific and technological innovation: First, the crisis makes the innovation demand of enterprises more vigorous. Products and technologies with high added value, low resource consumption, high production efficiency and low production cost will be more popular. Before the crisis, as long as we had independent intellectual property rights and own-brand products, there was basically no big risk, and the performance of enterprises did not fall, but rose. The difficulties and failures are those enterprises with no innovation in low-end production. Although Nanjing Sheikh Chemical Company deals in building materials, its main business has increased by more than 50% due to its insistence on new product development. Second, the crisis has greatly reduced the cost of enterprise innovation. Regardless of personnel salary, equipment price, manufacturing cost, etc. , there will be a significant decline, and more high-quality innovative resources can be obtained at lower cost. Nantong Hengli Group's new industrial silk project imported equipment from abroad. Last year was not only expensive, but also the negotiation conditions were harsh. Now an agreement of intent has been reached quickly, and the quotation has dropped by about half. Third, the crisis has accelerated the flow of global innovation resources. Affected by the crisis, more multinational companies concentrate resources and reduce costs through outsourcing, which will bring new market resources to China enterprises. At the same time, foreign advanced technology, achievements, talents and scientific research institutions will also seek development space abroad, and the interaction of international high-quality innovative resources will be significantly enhanced. This year, Jiangsu held a transnational technology transfer conference, which achieved remarkable results. Fourth, the crisis has significantly enhanced the intellectual property awareness of enterprises and the public. More enterprises are aware of the importance of independent intellectual property rights, and their awareness of application and rights protection is obviously enhanced. In the first three quarters of this year, the number of patent applications of Jiangsu enterprises increased by more than 60% year-on-year. Kunshan Good Boy Group has two new designs every day on average, and the new product reserve has reached more than two years. The price of products has increased by 15% this year. Fifth, the crisis has enabled outstanding enterprises to gain new development space. It is normal for a number of enterprises to go bankrupt and be eliminated in the crisis. At the same time, the crisis will release the stock resources and market space that have not been effectively utilized, thus freeing up new development space for enterprises with independent intellectual property rights and brands, strong innovation ability and great market potential of innovative products. After the baptism of the crisis, a number of outstanding enterprises with more innovation and creativity will surely emerge.
Of course, the inherent characteristics of the crisis itself inevitably bring severe challenges to scientific and technological innovation: First, the shrinking market demand may affect the supply of innovative products. At present, the demand for investment goods and consumer goods in domestic and foreign markets has declined, so the market sales of innovative products with high quality, high technology content and high price characteristics will also narrow, the difficulty of opening up new markets will increase, and the development and marketing of new products will slow down. Second, the overall tightening of funds may affect the investment of innovation funds. The financial crisis has made the overall supply of funds tight. At the same time, the decline of corporate profitability directly leads to the lack of R&D funds and will affect the government's revenue sources. In this way, the government and enterprises will face enormous financial pressure, and the willingness and practical ability to increase investment in innovation will be reduced. Third, the amplification of innovation risk may affect the expectation of innovation output. Innovation activities are inherently uncertain and risky, and the crisis further magnifies this risk and reduces the expectation of success rate and return rate of innovation. Affected by this, the wait-and-see mood of banks and social capital for innovation and entrepreneurship will be obviously enhanced, especially the venture capital needed for innovation and development will shrink, and the innovation confidence of enterprises and the activities of social support for innovation will be suppressed. Fourth, the urgency of short-term emergency may affect the long-term deployment of innovation. Innovation is an action that focuses on the future. Innovation input occurs in the present, while innovation output can only be reflected in the future. In a crisis situation, various practical difficulties and obstacles come one after another, making emergency rescue a priority task for people. Although the importance of scientific and technological innovation is still recognized, it is difficult to get realistic attention in specific operations, and the long-term planning and deployment of innovation will give way to the urgent task of short-term emergency. We should pay full attention to this, further strengthen our confidence, seek advantages and avoid disadvantages, and turn disadvantages into advantages, so that the current crisis will truly become a major opportunity for scientific and technological innovation and development.
Iii. Measures and suggestions for overcoming the current crisis by relying on independent innovation
In response to the current crisis, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council adopted a proactive fiscal policy and a moderately loose monetary policy, and launched ten measures to expand domestic demand and promote growth. The recent Central Economic Work Conference also made strategic arrangements. Jiangsu provincial party committee and provincial governments responded quickly, with special emphasis on accelerating independent innovation and structural adjustment as key measures. We should seize the opportunity, promote independent innovation, accelerate structural adjustment and industrial upgrading, and provide solid scientific and technological support for steady and rapid economic development.
1. Concentrate on increasing investment in science and technology by governments at all levels. To start and expand domestic demand under difficult circumstances, more "scientific and technological elements" need to be added. At this time, the greater the government's investment in science and technology, the stronger the role of social demonstration. The crisis adjusted the stock resources by optimizing the market mechanism of survival of the fittest. Governments at all levels should give full play to their guiding role, strengthen the effective allocation of incremental resources, and increase investment in science and technology, especially in major scientific and technological infrastructure and major forward-looking industries, so that the start of domestic demand can become more high-quality investments that can bring high returns and high-quality growth to the economy and form the long-term growth potential of the national economy.
2. Cultivate and develop high-tech emerging industries. To restore and revitalize the economy, it is necessary to cultivate and expand a number of emerging industries as soon as possible as the growth point and long-term support for future development. Dealing with and eliminating the crisis is not only to overcome financial problems, but also to increase demand in the short term. The key is to rely on scientific and technological innovation to realize the transformation and upgrading of industrial structure and form a competitive industrial economic system. At present, it is the best period for structural adjustment and upgrading, especially the developed coastal areas should shoulder the important responsibility of cultivating new economic growth points for the future development of China, and strive to establish the first-Mover advantage in the development of high-tech industries. We should vigorously develop future strategic industries such as software creativity, biotechnology, new energy and new materials, so as to win the opportunities for industrial development.
3. Quickly improve the technological innovation capability of enterprises. The foundation of industrial innovation and development lies in enterprises, and the current difficulties also lie in enterprises. Whether dealing with crisis or sustainable development, we should attach great importance to enterprise development. After screening during the crisis, some enterprises were eliminated, and a considerable number of enterprises survived tenaciously. It is necessary to strengthen support for these enterprises, guide and encourage them to strengthen independent innovation, strive to break through key technologies in the industry, master independent intellectual property rights and independent brands, occupy the forefront and market of industrial technology as soon as possible, and truly guide enterprises to enhance their anti-risk ability and future development competitiveness through science and technology.
4. Explore effective ways to develop technology and finance. Because of the uncertainty, high risk and long-term benefits of innovation activities, it is limited to rely on the traditional commercial financial system to support innovation. Especially under the condition of crisis, the contradiction is more prominent. It is necessary to speed up the exploration of a new financing mechanism for science and technology that conforms to the characteristics of scientific and technological innovation activities and effectively meets the needs of innovation. Proceeding from the current reality, we should give full play to the credit role of the government, actively explore the establishment of science and technology branches under the current financial policy and system framework, vigorously develop private venture capital, encourage the development of intellectual property pledge loans and science and technology insurance, and establish and improve a specialized financing system that effectively serves scientific and technological innovation.
5. Strengthen the support for the application of innovative products of enterprises. Pay attention to providing good policy services for enterprises and comprehensively promote the implementation of existing policies. Experience shows that to support enterprise innovation, it is better to give policies to the market than to give funds. The government is the biggest domestic demand and the best consumer market to start. It is necessary to strengthen government procurement, improve relevant working systems and operating methods, implement the first purchase or first order for innovative products independently developed by enterprises and put on the market for the first time, and support local enterprises to innovate independently. Governments at all levels and relevant departments should also actively guide and support the society to buy and use independent innovation products.
6. Vigorously introduce overseas scientific and technological talents. Affected by the crisis, the flow of international talents and other scientific and technological factors has accelerated, and the cost of introduction has been reduced, which has become the best opportunity for us to introduce overseas talents. With more favorable policies, a more open attitude and a more competitive environment, we will vigorously introduce overseas high-level talents and teams, support scientific research units or enterprises to acquire R&D institutions abroad, and accumulate strength for the next round of development after the crisis.
In order to make the innovative measures to deal with the crisis fruitful, we must also grasp several important relationships: First, the relationship between the present and the long-term. If you want to lead the economy, you must lead science and technology, otherwise you will eventually fall behind because of lack of support. At a time when everyone is concerned about solving the immediate difficulties, we still need to take a long-term view, pay more attention to the next round of development, and strive to be in a favorable position in the future competition, especially the developed coastal areas must always be at the forefront of development. The second is the relationship between the government and enterprises. Due to the limitation of its own business objectives and financial resources, it is impossible for enterprises to invest more in the frontier development of science and technology, especially under the current crisis conditions. The R&D of enterprise innovation is mostly based on the preliminary basic research supported by the government before commercial development, and often pays more attention to those technological achievements that are basically mature, practical and can produce expected returns. Those forward-looking, basic, long-time, large investment and high commercial risks must be completed by the government. The third is the relationship between high-end and practicality. Scientific and technological innovation should not only "stand in the sky" but also "stand on the ground". While focusing on the future, deploying ahead of time, aiming at the international advanced level, and striving to achieve technological leapfrogging, we should also base ourselves on actual needs, stress practical results, support enterprises to develop marketable new technologies and new products, help enterprises strengthen technological transformation of existing production methods, and make enterprises have a more solid innovation foundation to climb to the high end. The fourth is the relationship between domestic demand and extroversion. In the case that export enterprises and products are hit, we should not give up eating because of choking. What is worth reflecting on is not the increase in exports, but the low technical level and weak innovation ability of our products. The key is to rely on independent innovation to improve international competitiveness, make more active use of international innovation resources, unswervingly promote the export of high-tech products, and realize the improvement of independent innovation ability in international competition.