Is it correct that Chinese people can only enjoy domestic patent priority, and foreigners can only enjoy foreign patent priority?

Of course not correct.

Domestic priority and foreign priority are not defined by whether the applicant is domestic or foreign.

Domestic priority: You If you first apply for a patent in China, and then apply for a patent on the same subject within 12 months, you can claim domestic priority. Regardless of whether you are a foreigner or a Chinese, when the later application is filed, the previous application will be Deemed withdrawn

Foreign priority: If you apply for a patent in a certain country or region, and then apply for the same patent in another country or region within 12 months, you can claim foreign priority, regardless of whether you apply for the same patent in another country or region within 12 months. Whether it is a foreigner or a Chinese, as long as both countries or regions are members of the Paris Convention, or are reciprocal, etc.