First, choose a topic.
As the name implies, it is to choose a topic, which determines the direction and content of your topic. The topic selection is a complicated work with strong ideological, scientific and practical features.
Several key elements of project theme selection are as follows:
1. innovation: the demand of the approved project is innovative. The so-called innovation can include the following aspects:
(1) put forward something that no one realized;
(2) Perfecting and improving existing things;
(3) Existing things are realized in a new way, and this way has advantages in technology, application or economy compared with the original way.
2. Value: Ask your research to be useful, which can be economic value or social benefit. Killing dragons will not get anyone's support.
3. Achievability: This project can be realized through hard work or some help according to the level of students applying for the project.
In short, we can't unilaterally pursue high-level and heavyweight "big" topics, nor can we "repeat other people's stories with that old ticket" in order to avoid risks and take shortcuts. This is unprovoked and ineffective labor, wasting people and money. It is even more impossible to choose a big and empty topic for utilitarian reasons. So don't be eager for quick success and instant benefit.
At the same time, it seems that some students put forward higher requirements such as publishing papers and applying for software patents when the project was established, but they failed to achieve it when the project was completed, which led to adverse consequences. Remind students to pay attention to this.
Second, the project.
Project establishment is equivalent to the "declaration" of the project.
This link includes two aspects: project demonstration and project declaration.
First of all, we must carry out the subject demonstration. Project demonstration is the analysis, evaluation and prediction of the project. Project demonstration is a necessary part of project establishment, and its quality is a "stepping stone" to determine whether the project can pass the examination and approval.
1, preparation of project demonstration:
(1) data retrieval
Searching and mastering relevant research data is the premise of project demonstration and an important part of scientific research. Information materials mainly include two kinds of contents: first, related materials in educational practice, from which the experiences and problems existing in research topics are found; Secondly, we can find the theoretical basis and starting point of the research topic from the relevant information of educational theory. There are many sources of information, which can be queried online, consulted by relevant departments and consulted by peer experts.
(2) actual investigation
In addition to mastering relevant information, it is necessary to conduct practical investigation and study on this subject. Such as: discussion, questionnaire, sampling survey, etc.
(3) Expert consultation
Inviting relevant leaders and experts to demonstrate can broaden the research horizon and enhance the scientificity and effectiveness of the research.
2, the main content of the project demonstration.
Including: ① the research overview of the demonstration project;
② Purpose and significance;
③ Objectives and contents;
④ Methods and steps;
⑤ Expected results;
⑥ Basic conditions, etc.
Among them, ① and ② are about why to study, ③ about what to study, ④ about how to study, ⑤ about research objectives and ⑤ about how to guarantee.
(1) introduces the basic situation of the research.
The author should write about the research on this subject inside and outside the province, including both theory and practice. Understand the guiding ideology, research scope, research methods, research results, etc. Previous or other people's research on this or related topics. Only in this way can we make clear what aspects and to what extent the research of this topic should be discovered and innovated, and we can do creative work on the basis of previous or others' research to avoid duplication of work and ineffective work.
(2) Discuss the purpose and significance of the research.
This is not only the basis of selecting the topic, but also the overall assumption of the expected results, and it is also the value of the research.
Purpose refers to the idea of the final result to be achieved by this research or the way to achieve this result by some means, which can be divided into direct purpose and indirect purpose. Meaning is the hypothesis of the influence on research activities and the result of results, which is deeper than the purpose and cannot be confused.
(3) Determine the main objectives and contents of the study *
This is the main part of the project demonstration and the main direction of the project research, which plays a guiding, stimulating and stable role in the research activities. Therefore, this determination should be both reasonable and effective.
(4) Explain the research methods and steps.
Method is a way of thinking and behavior, and a general procedure and criterion for studying problems. Because the research method is a complex and highly technical problem, researchers should explain in detail the methods and steps adopted in the design and research process.
Methods: such as action research, experiment, observation, investigation and case study (case analysis, classified research, follow-up investigation and evaluation on behalf of students, writing case study report). (Joe wants to focus on it)
Steps: Generally, medium and long-term projects can be divided into three periods: (Take one year as an example only)
Preparatory stage (March 20 16-May 2065438+06): preparation before the topic is started, and the experiment is at the initial stage.
In the mid-term (June 20 16-August 2065438+06), summarize the experience and make further rectification.
Final stage (September, 20 16 —— February, 2065438+07): Detailed results and final acceptance.
(5) The expected results of the research on the design subject.
The expected result of the research is a response to the research goal and a concrete embodiment of the research result. Its specific forms mainly include:
Patents and copyrights: obtaining national patents or software copyrights;
Paper publishing: publishing academic papers in academic journals;
Adoption and application: adopted or applied by relevant departments, units or companies;
Competition awards: winning prizes in all kinds of innovation and entrepreneurship competitions at all levels.
(6) The basic conditions and guarantee of demonstration research.
In the demonstration, the research ability, research energy and division of labor of the project leader and the main members of the research group should be emphatically introduced. The demonstration should also introduce the existing scientific research conditions, such as research materials, equipment and funding guarantee.
Through the above six aspects of research and demonstration, researchers can know fairly well in the research process. By consulting materials, learning theories, determining research methods and making research plans, researchers have carried out their tasks well and carried out them in an orderly way along the established goals from beginning to end.
Project declaration: after fully demonstrating the project, you must fill in the project declaration.
Third, open the topic.
As the name implies, it is to start research.
Organize the opening meeting (pre-war mobilization meeting) before the opening, which is equivalent to the "swearing-in meeting" before the project starts.
1, the purpose of the meeting is mainly to let all the members of the research group have a deeper understanding and grasp of the objectives, significance, contents, methods, steps and laws of the research, and prepare for the start of the research.
2. The opening meeting is generally hosted by the project leader, and the participants include all members of the project team and relevant personnel (leaders of experimental schools, superior project management departments, relevant experts, etc.). ).
3. General procedure of the opening meeting: the project leader reads the notice of opening the project, makes the opening report, studies and deploys the preliminary research work through the research plan, and under the guidance of leaders and experts.
This involves the writing of the opening report and research plan.
The opening report is a comprehensive and systematic research description from theory to practice made by the project host. More comprehensive, focusing on the theoretical level, with many arguments, mainly expounding "why to learn", "what to learn" and "how to learn"; The research plan is the concrete plan of the whole research group and the blueprint of "construction". More specific, focusing on the practical level. . They overlap, but they should not be confused. First of all, briefly talk about the writing method of the opening report.
1. Project name: such as "Data transmission optimization based on open source system". Moderator: ×××
2. Introduction:
The basic situation of the project application, the time of formal approval of the project, and the degree of operation now.
3. The proposition and significance of the theme:
What is the problem, what is the necessity of putting forward this topic, the research status, level and development trend of this topic inside and outside the province, what problems remain to be solved, what breakthroughs have been made, and what theoretical and practical significance its research results have for the future.
4, the guiding ideology and main basis:
What is the theory of the guide? What principles should we adhere to, what should we explore, and what is its theoretical and practical basis?
5, the overall goal and main content
What kind of theory, model, law, approach, method, etc. To create, to build, to improve, and what kind of effect is expected to be achieved.
6. Specific ideas and method steps:
Divide the content into several sub-topics and contract them to others. The members of the research group who undertake the sub-project should write the implementation plan, the time allocation in each stage, the main methods adopted and the basic operating rules.
7, safeguard measures and basic requirements:
8. Learning and research on relevant theories and methods:
9, organizational division of labor and fund management:
10, signature: research group, date
Next, it focuses on the structure and writing method of the research plan.
(a) the name of the project
The name of the class topic is the name of the topic. This seems like a small problem, but in fact, when many people write a topic, they often write it inaccurately and inappropriately, thus affecting the image and quality of the whole topic. This is what most people call "just having children, not naming them". So, how to establish a name for the topic? The topic must be concise and scientific, and the words and sentences should be standardized, scientific and concise (limited to 20 words). The name of the project should include three elements: the object of the project, the problem (scope) of the research and the research method. For example, "investigation and research on junior middle school students' Chinese learning methods" Here "junior high school students" are the research objects, "Chinese learning methods" are the research problems, and "investigation method" is the main research method. In short, the title of the subject must be consistent with the content of the study, neither too big nor too small, and it should accurately summarize the objects, problems and methods you are studying.
(b) the purpose and significance of the study.
The purpose and significance of research is why we should study and study its value. This can generally be based on the actual needs, pointing out that there is this problem in reality, which needs to be studied and solved, and what practical role the research of this topic has, and then writing out the theoretical and academic value of the topic.
(C) the guiding ideology of the study
The guiding ideology is what direction should be adhered to and what requirements should be met. This direction or requirement can be philosophical and political theory, the government's educational development plan, and the guiding opinions for studying problems. You can refer to the guiding ideology of general projects and combine with the reality of our school. )
(D) Research objectives
The goal of the research is to achieve specific goals and solve specific problems. Compared with the purpose and guiding ideology, the research goal is more specific, and it must be clearly written. Only when the goal is clear and specific can we know what the specific work direction is and what the research focus is, and our thinking will not be disturbed by various factors.
(5) The basic contents of the study.
Compared with the research goal, the research content should be more specific and clear. And a goal may be achieved through several aspects of research, which are not necessarily one-to-one correspondence. When we determined the research content, we didn't think very specifically. The research content written is particularly general and vague, and it is very unfavorable for our whole research to regard the purpose and significance of the research as the research content. So learn to break down the topic and do it bit by bit.
(6) Research steps.
The step of project research is the arrangement of project research in time and order. The steps of research should fully consider the relationship and difficulty of research content. Generally, we should start with the basic problems and proceed in stages. There must be regulations on when each stage begins and ends.
(7) Research methods.
There are many research methods, including historical research, action research, investigation research, experimental research, comparative research, theoretical research, observation, literature research, case study and so on. A large project often needs many methods. A small project may be mainly one method, but other methods are also needed.
(eight) the form of research results
The forms of research results include reports, papers, monographs, software and courseware. The content and form of the research results are different with different topics, but no matter what form, the research of the topic must have results, otherwise it will be regarded as that the topic has not been completed and the topic has no conclusion.
(9) Organization and division of labor of research projects
The project leader, project team members and division of labor should be clearly stated in the plan. The leader of the research group is the person in charge of this topic. A research group should include people from three aspects, namely, people with power, people with insight and people with aspirations. With the right, the project can be supported by people, money, things, etc. With knowledge, the quality and level of the subject will be higher; If you are ambitious, you are not afraid of hard work and work hard. The division of labor of the research group must be clear and reasonable, and strive to let everyone know their work and responsibilities, and can't eat the same pot and help others. But on the basis of division of labor, we should also pay attention to the cooperation of all staff. Everyone should study and discuss together to overcome the difficulties and obstacles in the research process.
(10) Budget
Research funds include books and reference fees, research travel expenses, various conference fees, printing and publishing fees of results, management fees and other research-related expenses.
Above, we talked about the preparation work before the topic of scientific research from three aspects: topic selection, project establishment and topic opening. Because the explanation we chose was written by a liberal arts comrade, which is different from our college, but it is still helpful for students to prepare for the exam.