Maybe it's providence. 1958, ten years after the invention of the transistor, 34-year-old kilby joined Texas Instruments. Speaking of why Texas Instruments was chosen in the first place, kilby downplayed: "Because it is the only company that allows me to spend almost all my time studying the miniaturization of electronic equipment, which provides me with a lot of time and good experimental conditions." It is also the greenhouse of Texas Instruments, which has given birth to kilby's unparalleled achievements.
Although engineers of that era were inspired by the invention of transistors and began to try to design high-speed computers, the problem was not completely solved: the electronic equipment assembled by transistors was still too bulky, and the circuits designed by engineers needed miles of lines and millions of solder joints, so the construction difficulty could be imagined. As for individuals owning computers, it is a distant dream. In view of this situation, kilby put forward a bold idea: "Can electronic components such as resistors, capacitors and transistors be placed on a single semiconductor chip?" In this way, the volume of the whole circuit will be greatly reduced, so the new engineer began to try a simple integrated circuit called phase conversion oscillator.
1September, 958 12, kilby developed the world's first integrated circuit, successfully realized the idea of integrating electronic devices on a piece of semiconductor material, and passed the inspection of the senior management of Texas Instruments. Remember, on this day, integrated circuits replaced transistors, paving the way for the development of various functions of electronic products, greatly reducing the cost, making it possible for microprocessors to appear, creating a new era in the history of electronic technology, and making it possible for all electronic products that we are used to now.
Great inventions and figures will always be verified and remembered by history. In 2000, kilby won the Nobel Prize in Physics for inventing integrated circuits. This 42-year-old honor is becoming more and more precious, and it is also the full recognition of kilby's great invention by all mankind. The evaluation of the Nobel Prize jury is simple: "It laid the foundation of modern information technology".
"I think the work of several people has changed the whole world and our way of life-Henry Ford, Thomas Edison, the Wright brothers and jack kilby. If there is an invention that not only revolutionizes our industry, but also changes the world we live in, it is the integrated circuit invented by Jack. " Perhaps Tom Enggibbs, Chairman of the Board of Directors of Texas Instruments, commented on kilby most succinctly and powerfully. Now kilby's photo and Edison's photo are hanging in the National Inventor's Hall of Honor.
Robert? 6? Noyce, 1, is a genius in science and business. On the basis of kilby, he invented an integrated circuit that can be produced commercially, which made the semiconductor industry enter commercial times from the "invention era". At the same time, we also co-founded two of the greatest companies in Silicon Valley: Fairchild, once known as the "Whampoa Military Academy" in the semiconductor industry, and Intel, the world's largest technology giant that designs and produces semiconductors.
Robert, who lived during the Great Depression? 6? 1 Noyce always pursues "do it yourself". /kloc-when he was 0/2 years old, he and his second brother built a glider together. /kloc-when they were 0/3 years old, they built a car with an old gasoline engine that was eliminated from the washing machine at home. I even made a rough transceiver with my friends to send messages to each other. Of course, Noyce's greatest invention in his life is the integrated circuit that can be produced commercially.
1In July, 959, Noyce developed silicon dioxide diffusion technology and PN junction isolation technology, creatively fabricated aluminum strips on oxide films, and integrated components and wires together, which laid a solid foundation for planar fabrication technology and industrial mass production of semiconductor integrated circuits. Unlike kilby's integrated circuits developed on germanium wafers, Noyce focuses directly on silicon, which is one of the most abundant elements on the earth, with greater commercial value and lower cost. Since then, a large number of semiconductor devices have been manufactured and commercialized, venture capital has begun to appear, semiconductor start-ups have emerged, more integrated circuits with stronger functions and more complex structures have been invented, and the semiconductor industry has entered commercial times from the "invention era".
Of course, in this "commercial times", Noyce's greatest achievement was born: Noyce left Fairchild Company, once known as the "Whampoa Military Academy" in the semiconductor industry, at 1968 and founded Intel with Gordon Moore and Andy Grove. 103, Gordon Moore was born in a small town in the south of San Francisco. 1954 received his Ph.D. in physical chemistry. 1956 founded the legendary Fairchild Company with Noyce, mainly responsible for technology research and development. After Noyce resigned in 1968, Gordon Moore followed closely, founded Intel, and became the president and CEO of the company in 1975.
1965, one day Moore left the silicon workshop and sat down. He took a ruler and a piece of paper and drew a sketch. The vertical axis represents the developing chip and the horizontal axis represents time, resulting in regular geometric growth. This discovery was published in the 35th issue of Electronics that year. This accidental work is also by far the most important paper in the history of semiconductors. Moore pointed out that the circuit density and potential computing power of microprocessor chips are doubling every other year. This is the embryonic form of Moore's Law, which is famous in the IT field. In order to make this description more accurate, Moore made some amendments in 1975, and adjusted the doubling time from one year to two years. In fact, the more accurate time is the average of the two: 18 months. Moore's law is not a concise law of natural science. Intel Corporation, which takes it as its development policy, has achieved great commercial success, and the microprocessor has become the best embodiment of Moore's Law, doubling Moore's fame and fortune every 65,438+08 months.
At that time, IC was only six years old. Moore's lab can only integrate 50 transistors and resistors on one chip. Moore's predictions at that time sounded like science fiction; Since then, there have been technical experts who believe that chip integration has "reached its peak". But it turns out that Moore's prediction is accurate. According to Moore's Law, the most advanced integrated circuits now contain more than 65.438+0.7 billion transistors.
The greatness of Moore's Law not only contributed to Intel's great commercial success, but also the engineers in the semiconductor industry followed this law, which not only doubled the number of transistors every 18 months, but also meant that the chip size with the same performance could be reduced by half every 18 months, and the cost could be reduced by half. It can also be said that Moore's Law makes the electronic products in our lives more and more powerful, lighter and smaller, and cheaper.
1900 retired Moore received the American Science and Technology Award from former US President Bush. Today, his name, like his "Moore's Law", echoes in the hearts of everyone in the semiconductor industry. Moore's Law, like an irresistible force of nature, has dominated the computer industry in Silicon Valley and the world for more than 30 years. [3]
Introduction of integrated circuit packaging methods
Due to the use, use environment and production history of TV, audio and video integrated circuits, not only the model specifications are complex, but also the packaging forms are diverse.
Common packaging materials are: plastic. Ceramics. Glass. Metal, etc. Now it's basically packed in plastic.
According to the packaging form, it can be divided into: ordinary dual-in-line, ordinary single-in-line, small double-row flat, small four-row flat, round metal, large thick film circuit and so on.
According to the package size, the largest is thick film circuit, followed by dual in-line, single in-line and metal package. Double row flat. Four rows of flats are the most correct.
The distance between the two pins is divided into: ordinary standard plastic package, double row. Single-row inline type is generally 2.54±0.25mm, followed by 2mm (single-row inline type is more common)/kloc-0 1.778±0.25mm (contraction double-row type is more common)/kloc-0 1.5±0.25mm, or/kloc-0 1.27±0.25mm (single-row belt)
Generally, the width between the two rows of needles in the dual-in-line type is 7.4 ~ 7.62 mm 10. 16 mm 12.7 mm 15.24 mm and so on.
Width between two columns of double-row flat package (including lead length: generally 6 ~ 6.5 mm.7.6 mm.10.5 ~10.65 mm, etc.
The length× width of a four-pillar flat package with more than 40 pins is generally: 10× 10mm (excluding the lead length). 13.6×13.6 0.4 mm (including lead length). 20.6× 20.6 0.4 mm (including lead length).