(A) the choice of tree species
Tree species suitable for fungus materials should be solid and easy to inoculate. There are many kinds of trees that can grow Armillaria mellea, generally broad-leaved trees. Such as green bar, oak, cork oak, watermelon, birch, locust tree, elm tree and so on. When making auricularia auricula material, use 1-3 inch thick tree stick, saw it into 1- 1.5 foot long segments, and cut a fish scale every 2-3 inches. If the stick is thick, we can cut 3-4 rows, deep enough to cut through the epidermis to the xylem. Next, the culture site and the size of the culture bed are introduced.
(2) Selection of culture site
The site should be sandy loam with air permeability and water utilization, and the slope is less than 45 degrees. In mountainous areas, cultivation is carried out on the sunny slope in the lee, on shady slopes in places with low terrain and warm climate, and in semi-cloudy and semi-sunny wasteland or forests in Zhongshan area.
(3) the size of the culture pit
There is no uniform regulation on the size of the cultivation pit, which can be determined according to the terrain and the number of cultivation sticks. In order to reduce the loss caused by contaminated bacteria, there are generally no more than 200 pits. There are four ways to cultivate bacteria: pit culture, semi-pit culture, heap culture and box culture. Say first: pit training.
(4) cultivation method
1. Pit culture: The depth of the pit is about 1.5 feet. First, spread a thin layer of leaves at the bottom of the pit, spread a layer of tree sticks on the leaves, cover them with a layer of sand and fill the gaps between branches with sand, and add 3-4 segments of auricularia auricula branches between every two tree sticks. If the amount of culture is small, you can also directly add artificially cultivated three-level solid strains. Put 4-5 layers like this, and cover the stick with 2-3 inches of soil as flat as the ground.
2. Semi-pit tillage: pit depth 1 ft, and the tillage method is the same as pit tillage. There are 1-2 layers of poles above the ground, covering 3 inches of soil, and the part above the ground is like a grave.
3, pile up, do not dig holes. Pile the sticks on the ground and cultivate them directly. The cultivation method is the same as pit cultivation.
4. Box culture: mainly indoors, and can be cultivated in all seasons. In winter, it can be cultivated indoors with heating equipment to make the soil temperature reach 18-20℃. The cultivation method is the same as before. Brick ponds can be made of bricks in addition to wooden cases. In addition, sawdust and sand are filled and covered, and the volume ratio is 1: 1.
Sexual reproduction of gastrodia elata
The reproduction of gastrodia elata with seeds is called sexual reproduction. In the production area of gastrodia elata, this phenomenon will occur: gastrodia elata does not grow on one side of the hillside, and crops are planted on the mountain, and gastrodia elata will grow in a few years. Where did these gastrodia elata come from? It's nothing more than seeds from other places with gastrodia elata. The seeds of gastrodia elata are as small as flour and can't be seen clearly with the naked eye. Their size varies from region to region and species, generally only 0.69-0.97× 0.08-0. 14 mm, and their shapes can only be seen with a magnifying glass more than 50 times (Figure 1). Its seeds are like Toona sinensis seeds. The middle of the embryo is dark, and the transparent part around it is the seed coat of a single cell, like two wings. Mature seeds drift with the wind to an environment suitable for their growth, and they can germinate when they meet with germinating bacteria. The germinated protocorms differentiate and grow into asexual propagation stems, and the asexual propagation stems can continue to propagate and grow after being grafted with Armillaria mellea. Say it again: Mature seeds fall with the wind to an environment suitable for their growth, and then establish a * * * relationship with germination bacteria and honey-producing bacteria to germinate and grow into a nest of gastrodia elata.
Breeding mode: mainly tubers, but also seeds.
2. When is the best time to plant Gastrodia elata?
Gastrodia elata is a very common Chinese herbal medicine with strong adaptability, wide application and high medicinal and economic value. Therefore, Gastrodia elata is widely planted in many areas of our country. Like most medicinal materials, many problems need to be paid attention to in the cultivation of gastrodia elata, especially the planting time, which determines the quality of gastrodia elata cultivation to a certain extent.
Gastrodia elata cultivation, like many crops, also has its growth laws and seasons. The planting time of Gastrodia elata is generally 1 1 month to May of the following year. However, the growth of Gastrodia elata is from April to 10 in the solar calendar, and the growth time is about half a year. So is there a difference between early planting and late planting of gastrodia elata?
After long-term observation in this base, there are still some differences between early planting and late planting of gastrodia elata. This difference is also reflected in several aspects, one is inoculation and the other is the survival of seeds. The survival rate of the seeds planted this year is a little low, because after a long winter, the seeds are in the low tide of life activities and are easily affected by the external environment and the attack of viruses. But when it was planted that year, it was just around 1 1 month, and it was in the vigorous growth period of Armillaria mellea. During this period, Gastrodia elata and Armillaria mellea can easily form a * * * relationship, which is also what we are talking about. As long as the seeds are inoculated with bacteria, it means that the cuttings have roots. When the environment is suitable in the second year, gastrodia elata seeds will grow at a high speed and often get high yield.
The seeds of Gastrodia elata and Armillaria mellea planted in spring are in the active stage, and the seeds naturally overwinter because there is no artificial influence in the soil, with little damage and high survival rate. In addition, Armillaria mellea is also in the vigorous growth period, and inoculation with gastrodia elata seeds is easy to form, and it is often easy to obtain high yield. But the only deficiency is that the inoculation period is late, and the growth of Gastrodia elata is often small because of its short growth period. Therefore, gastrodia elata planted in different seasons has its own advantages. But one thing, gastrodia elata planting is best done in the best time, and the chances of successful planting will be greater.
Three, gastrodia elata planting matters needing attention
1, Selection of planting site of Gastrodia elata:
The cultivation site can be any land, such as the front and back of the house, barren slopes, orchards and woodlands. Especially sandy loam with strong air permeability and water permeability is the best. The pH value of the soil is 5-6.
2, gastrodia elata planting boundary requirements:
Flat land can be bounded by a width of 80 cm, a depth of 10 cm and an infinite length. According to different slopes, terraced horizontal ridges are built on the slopes in the wild, and the ridge spacing is about 1 m. Keep the trees and weeds along the ridge as much as possible, which is convenient for shading and preventing the ridge from collapsing. Orchard woodland is built according to the terrain, and drainage ditches are excavated around it.
3, gastrodia elata seedling cultivation method:
Arrange the fungus material segments with a diameter of 5-8 cm and a length of 30 cm at the bottom of the frame according to the word "Tian", and discharge 15 fungus materials in a fixed position per square meter. Then spread fungus branches with a diameter of about 2 cm and a length of 10 cm on the open space of the fungus material square, and spread about 2 kg of fungus branches on each square open space, which is flush with the fungus material.
Then plant gastrodia elata seeds at both ends and sides of each tube, with 66 seeds per square meter, about 500 grams. Finally, moist sandy loam or humus with a PH value of 5-6 is used to fill the gap between the fungus material and the fungus branches until the fungus material covers 2 cm deep, and the whole border soil covers dry branches and weeds with a thickness of 10-20 cm, so as to dredge the drainage ditch.
4, gastrodia elata daily management points:
1. Management of planting temperature: The suitable temperature for gastrodia elata production is 13-25 degrees (below the soil surface 10 cm). In this temperature range, the higher the better. Temperature control is an important work in the management of gastrodia elata imitation wild cultivation.
Freezing in winter, in areas below 1000 meters above sea level, cover with 10-20 cm thick leaves and weeds after planting; The area higher than 1000 meters can be thickened to 30 cm. In order to prevent high temperature and drought in summer and autumn, besides shading to prevent high temperature, water can also be used to keep the soil temperature from lowering. Replenish water after sunset and soil temperature drops.
2. Planting water management: from winter to the following spring (before Tomb-Sweeping Day), the soil temperature should be controlled at 10%-20%. Improve soil moisture by about 60% from April to June. Gastrodia elata enters the peak season from June to August, and its nutrient accumulation reaches its peak. At this time, it is appropriate to keep water cool, keep moisture and drain stains, and carry out comprehensive treatment. In September, the nutritional accumulation of Gastrodia elata entered the late stage and reached the physiological maturity. At this time, the soil humidity in the border bed should be controlled below 40%, and the soil temperature has dropped to 10℃ in late June. Gastrodia elata enters the dormant period and can be excavated. About 7 kilograms of fresh gastrodia elata can be excavated per square meter.
Five, gastrodia elata pest control methods:
The main pests that harm the growth of Gastrodia elata are grubs, grubs and termites. Prevention and control methods: first, when cultivating gastrodia elata, sprinkle 5% chlordane powder and "termite king" medicine around the border bed; The second is to use the patented product-termite control trap to trap and kill termites.