The deep-processed glass products can control light, adjust temperature, prevent noise and improve architectural art decoration. Glass is no longer just a lighting material, but also a structural material and decorative material of modern architecture. With the development of science, people have developed a variety of new glasses.
Edit this paragraph to improve and enlighten
Enlightenment of glass wafer
Cover a piece of paper with words and images on it, and then use short-wave ultraviolet, X-ray and γ-ray for high-energy electromagnetic radiation, so that the glass can "memorize" these words and images automatically like a computer. When irradiated by a long-wave light source such as sunlight, the glass preserved in a dark background can still reproduce words and images. This magical glass was successfully developed by a scientific research team headed by Academician Su Qiang and Dr. Li Chengyu from Changchun Yinghua Institute of China Academy of Sciences. It is made of a new red long afterglow luminescent material on glass by special process. Moreover, the research team also discovered its memory function for the first time in the world. The so-called long afterglow luminescence refers to storing energy under the irradiation of sunlight, fluorescent lamps or other high-energy electromagnetic radiation during the day and releasing the stored energy at night to emit light. The well-known "noctilucent powder" is a kind of long afterglow material, but it can only emit yellow-green light, and the luminous time is generally only one or two hours, and the brightness is low. In the past, in order to maintain its luminous intensity, radioactive elements were added, but this would do harm to people's health and the environment. How to find a more scientific long-lasting luminescent material has always been concerned by people.
New Enlightenment
In p>1996, the research group of the Soviet Union began to study new long-lasting luminescent materials. Long afterglow materials that can emit green light, blue light, purple light and red light have been successfully developed, with longer luminous time, stronger luminous brightness and light resistance, and can be seen by naked eyes for more than dozens of hours in the dark; They also made different luminous modules such as glass and ceramics. In the darkroom of Su Qiang's laboratory, the reporter saw the glass-ceramic luminous modules made of these long-lasting luminous materials in various forms, such as powder, pyramid, block, etc., which gave off all kinds of dazzling brilliance. Among them, the long afterglow red glass is transparent and emits red light, which can change from red to opaque green or yellow after crystallization, with long afterglow time, and can write, store and read characters and images. According to Su Qiang, the main raw materials of these long-lasting luminescent materials are extracted from rare earths, and the reserves of rare earths in China account for 8% of the world. The research and development of long-lasting luminescent materials can not only promote the comprehensive development and utilization of rare earth resources, but also make them widely used in industrial and civil fields because they can emit light without electricity. After the "light storage" technology is further matured, the application prospect of this kind of glass in high-tech fields is limitless. The contents of a set of encyclopedias may be "written" on a thumb-sized glass chip, and dynamic three-dimensional images can be preserved intact for a long time. Then, people called it "memory glass".
Safety glass in this section
Safety glass refers to glass with higher mechanical strength and stronger impact resistance than ordinary glass. Its main varieties are tempered glass, laminated glass, laminated glass and titanium glass. When the safety glass is broken, its fragments will not hurt people, and it also has the functions of theft prevention and fire prevention. According to the different original glass sheets used in production, safety glass has certain decorative effect.
(I) Tempered glass
Tempered principle
Tempered glass is also called tempered glass. It uses physical or chemical methods to form a compressive stress layer on the glass surface, and the glass itself has high compressive strength and will not cause damage. When the glass is acted by external force, this pressure layer can offset part of the tensile stress, thus avoiding the breakage of the glass. Although the inside of tempered glass is in a state of greater tensile stress, there are no defects in the glass, which will not cause damage, thus achieving the purpose of improving the strength of the glass. Tempered glass is a secondary product of flat glass, and the processing of tempered glass can be divided into physical tempering method and chemical tempering method. Physical tempered glass is also called quenched tempered glass. When ordinary flat glass is heated in a heating furnace to be close to the softening temperature (6℃) of the glass, the internal stress is eliminated through its own deformation, then the glass is moved out of the heating furnace, and then high-pressure cold air is blown to both sides of the glass with multi-head nozzles, so that it can be quickly and uniformly cooled to room temperature, and tempered glass can be made. This kind of glass is in a stress state of internal tension and external compression. Once it is damaged locally, stress will be released, and the glass will be broken into countless small pieces. These small pieces have no sharp edges and corners and are not easy to hurt people. Chemical tempered glass is to improve the strength of glass by changing the chemical composition of the glass surface, and generally it is tempered by ion exchange method. The method is that silicate glass containing alkali metal ions is immersed in molten lithium (Li+) salt, so that Na+ or K+ ions on the surface of the glass exchange with Li+ ions, and a Li+ ion exchange layer is formed on the surface. Because the expansion coefficient of Li+ is smaller than that of Na+ and K+ ions, the outer layer shrinks slightly while the inner layer shrinks greatly during the cooling process. When the glass is cooled to normal temperature, it will also be in the inner layer for tension. Tempered glass has high strength, and its compressive strength can reach above 125MPa, which is 4 ~ 5 times larger than ordinary glass; The impact strength is also very high. When measured by steel ball method, .8kg steel ball falls from 1.2m height, and the glass can be kept intact. The elasticity of tempered glass is much larger than that of ordinary glass. A piece of tempered glass with a size of 12mm×35mm×6mm can bend and deflect up to 1mm after being stressed. When the external force is removed, it can still return to its original state, while the bending deformation of ordinary glass can only be a few millimeters. It has good thermal stability, and it is not easy to crack when it is subjected to rapid cooling and rapid heating, which is another characteristic of tempered glass. This is because the compressive stress of tempered glass can offset part of the tensile stress caused by rapid cooling and rapid heating. Tempered glass is resistant to thermal shock, the maximum safe working temperature is 288℃, and it can withstand the temperature difference change of 24℃. Tempered glass is widely used in construction engineering, transportation and other fields because of its good mechanical properties and thermal stability. Flat tempered glass is often used as doors and windows, partitions, curtain walls, windows and furniture of buildings, while curved glass is often used in automobiles, trains and airplanes. It should be noted that tempered glass can't be cut and ground, and the corners can't be bumped and squeezed. It needs to be selected according to the ready-made size specifications or put forward specific design drawings for processing and customization. The glass used for large-area glass curtain wall should be controlled in tempering, and semi-tempered glass should be selected, that is, its stress should not be too large to avoid self-explosion caused by vibration caused by wind load. According to the different original glass sheets used, it can be made into ordinary tempered glass, endothermic tempered glass, colorful tempered glass, tempered hollow glass and so on.
(2) Anti-theft glass with wire mesh
Exhibition of wire mesh glass products
It's late at night, and from a museum of Bo (bó) displaying precious calligraphy and painting, there was a sudden alarm sound. The police came at once and caught a suspect (xián) who tried to cut the glass theft (qiè) exhibit. You may not believe it, but the broken glass did not call the police! This is a special kind of glass with a very fine wire mesh inside. The wire mesh is connected to the power supply and connected to the automatic alarm. The suspect cut the glass and touched the wire mesh, and the alarm sounded. This kind of glass is called "wire mesh anti-theft glass", which can be used in museums, banks, jewelry stores and buildings where important drawings and documents are stored. Sandwiched glass is also called shatterproof glass or steel wire glass. It is produced by calendering method, that is, in the molten state of glass, the preheated steel wire or steel wire mesh is pressed into the middle of glass, annealed and cut. The surface of the wire-lined glass can be embossed or polished, and the color can be made colorless, transparent or colored. Sandwiched glass is characterized by good safety and fire resistance. Because of the skeleton function of the steel wire mesh, the glass strength is not only improved, but also when it is damaged by impact or sudden temperature change, the fragments will not fly away, thus avoiding the damage of the fragments to people. In case of fire, when the flame is prolonged and the laminated glass is heated and cracked, the glass can still be fixed and isolated from the flame due to the role of wire mesh, so it is also called fire-proof glass. According to the national industry standard JC433-91, the thickness of glass-lined glass is divided into 6 mm, 7 mm and 1mm, and the size is generally not less than 6mm×4mm and not more than 2 mm× 12 mm.. At present, the laminated glass produced in China is divided into two types: laminated embossed glass and laminated polished glass. Sandwiched glass can be used for doors and windows, skylights, lighting roofs, balconies and other parts of buildings.
(3) laminated glass
laminated glass
laminated glass is a flat or curved composite glass product which is bonded by heating and pressing PVB (polyvinyl butyral) resin film between two or more original glass sheets. The original sheet for laminated glass can be ordinary flat glass, float glass, tempered glass, colored glass, heat absorbing glass or heat reflecting glass. There are 2, 3, 5 and 7 layers of laminated glass, up to 9 layers. For two layers of laminated glass, the thickness of the original sheet is (mm): 2+3, 3+3, 3+5, etc. Laminated glass has good transparency, and its impact resistance is several times higher than that of ordinary flat glass. It can be made into bulletproof glass by compounding multiple layers of ordinary glass or tempered glass. Due to the adhesion of PVB film, even when the glass is broken, the fragments will not fly out and hurt people. By using different original glass, laminated glass can also have durability, heat resistance and moisture resistance. With high safety, laminated glass is generally used as doors and windows, skylights, windows and partitions of shops, banks and jewelry in high-rise buildings.
(4) Titanated glass
Titanated glass is also called never-broken armored foil glass. It is a new type of glass that combines titanium-gold foil film tightly on any glass substrate. Titanium glass has the functions of high crushing resistance, high heat resistance and ultraviolet resistance. Different base glass and different titanium foil films can be combined into different colors, different properties and different specifications of titanium glass. The common colors of titanium glass are: colorless and transparent, dark brown, dark brown reflective, copper reflective and so on.
Edit this paragraph of energy-saving glass
Traditional glass is mainly used for lighting in buildings. With the increase of the size of doors and windows in buildings, people's requirements for thermal insulation of doors and windows have also increased accordingly. Energy-saving decorative glass is a glass that can meet this requirement and integrates energy saving and decoration. Energy-saving decorative glass usually has a pleasing appearance color, but also has a special ability to absorb, transmit and reflect light and heat. Using the glass curtain wall of the external wall window of the building can play a significant energy-saving effect, and it has been widely used in various advanced buildings. Energy-saving decorative glass commonly used in buildings includes heat-absorbing glass, heat-reflecting glass and insulating glass.
(I) heat-absorbing glass
principle of heat-absorbing glass
heat-absorbing glass is a flat glass that can absorb a lot of infrared radiation energy and maintain a high visible light transmittance. There are two methods to produce heat-absorbing glass: one is to add a certain amount of colorant with heat-absorbing performance to the raw materials of ordinary soda-lime silicate glass; The other is made by spraying one or more metal or metal oxide films on the surface of flat glass. The heat-absorbing glasses are gray, brown, blue, green, bronze, bronze, pink and golden yellow. At present, China mainly produces the first three colors of heat-absorbing glass. There are four kinds of thickness: 2, 3, 5 and 6mm. The heat-absorbing glass can be further processed into polished, toughened, laminated or insulating glass, and it is not afraid of heat when it is installed at home. Compared with ordinary flat glass, heat-absorbing glass has the following characteristics: 1. Absorb solar radiation heat. For example, the 6mm thick transparent float glass has a total heat transmission of 84% under the sunlight, while the total heat transmission of heat absorbing glass is 6% under the same conditions. Different colors and thicknesses of heat-absorbing glass have different degrees of absorption of solar radiation heat. 4. Absorb the visible light of the sun, weaken the intensity of the sun, and play an anti-glare role. 3. It has certain transparency and can absorb certain ultraviolet rays. 4. Cold air can be blocked in winter and hot air can be blocked in summer, making the indoor city warm in winter and cool in summer. Because of these characteristics, heat-absorbing glass has been widely used in doors and windows, external walls of buildings, as well as as as windscreens for cars and ships, and has the functions of heat insulation, glare prevention, lighting and decoration.
(2) Heat-reflective glass
Heat-reflective glass
Heat-reflective glass is a flat glass with high heat-reflective ability and good light transmittance. It is made by coating metal or metal oxide films such as gold, silver, copper, aluminum, chromium, nickel and iron on the glass surface by pyrolysis, vacuum evaporation, cathode sputtering, etc., or by using electro-flotation plasma exchange method to exchange metal ions. Heat reflective glass, also known as mirror glass, has various colors such as gold, brown, gray, purple, brown, bronze and light blue. Thermal reflective glass has high thermal reflectivity, for example, the total reflection heat of 6mm thick float glass is only 16%, and under the same conditions, the total reflection heat of endothermic glass is 4%, while that of thermal reflective glass can be as high as 61%, so it is often used to make insulating glass or laminated glass to increase its thermal insulation performance. The heat reflective glass coated with metal film also has the function of one-way image transmission, that is, you can see the outdoor scenery indoors during the day, but you can't see the indoor scene outdoors. These new types of glass bring a lot of convenience to our life, making our life healthier and happier. Let's wait for more new glass to make a grand appearance! ?
Edit this section of photoelectric glass
(1) Dimming glass
Dimming effect diagram
According to the similarities and differences of control means and principles, dimming glass can switch between transparent and opaque states of glass by various means such as electric control, temperature control, light control and pressure control. Due to various conditions, almost all the dimming glasses on the market for mass production are electrically controlled dimming glasses. The principle of electrically controlled dimming glass is easy to understand: when the power supply of the electrically controlled product is turned off, the liquid crystal molecules in the electrically controlled dimming glass will be irregularly scattered, so that light cannot enter, and the electrically controlled glass will appear opaque; After electrifying, the liquid crystal molecules inside are arranged neatly, and light can penetrate freely. At this time, the electrically controlled liquid crystal glass is transparent.
(2) LED glass
LED glass display
LED glass is a perfect combination of LED light source and glass, and it breaks through the traditional concept of building decoration materials. The pattern can be designed in the glass in advance, and the controllable change can be realized by DMX all-digital intelligent technology later, and the brightness and change of LED light source can be controlled freely. The inside is made of completely transparent wires, which is different from ordinary metal wires and can't be seen on the glass surface.