The main methods of psychoanalytic therapy are
The main methods of psychoanalytic therapy are. In fact, we all should pay attention to our own mental health, because normally speaking, people's mental health has It has a great impact on our lives and future development, so what are the main methods of psychoanalytic therapy? The main methods of psychoanalytic therapy are 1
1. Psychoanalytic therapy
Help patients identify their subconscious and personality structure content, and control their illness through inner experience.
2. Analytical psychotherapy
Through inner methods, free association, analysis and explanation, and mental catharsis are used to remove negative emotions, mental trauma, and painful experiences that are suppressed in the subconscious. Excavate or expose the underlying causes of mental illness, help patients understand themselves correctly, change their original pathological behavior patterns, and re-establish their personality.
3. Cognitive behavioral therapy
Help patients improve irrational cognition, establish a correct cognitive system, or improve inner experience and reconstruct cognition through rationalized behavioral training.
4. Suggestion therapy
Use psychological suggestion to influence the patient's psychological activities, which is divided into language, expression, text, gesture and role model. .
5. Supportive therapy
Help patients analyze abnormal psychology through persuasion, support, persuasion, encouragement and inspiration. There are 2 main methods of psychoanalytic therapy
1. Psychoanalytic therapy
Psychoanalytic therapy is also called psychoanalytic therapy in our country. It discovers the patient's subconscious psychological complex during the conversation and guides the subconscious emotions to the conscious level so that the patient can understand. A psychological therapy that corrects symptoms. Specific methods include free association, dream interpretation, and empathy. This method later derived many schools and created many new methods.
Among them, the more influential representatives include Jung, Adler, etc., which is called the new psychoanalytic method, also collectively known as the psychodynamic method. The theoretical basis of psychoanalytic therapy is the theory of mental breakdown founded by Freud, a famous Austrian psychiatrist and psychologist.
Main indications: various neuroses, such as hysteria, obsessive-compulsive disorder; various serious psychological setbacks, such as interpersonal communication disorders or various psychological disorders; and teenagers whose personality has not yet matured. People without the ability to introspect and patients with severe mental illness such as schizophrenia are not suitable for psychoanalytic treatment.
2. Behavioral therapy
Behavioral therapy aims to treat patients’ psychological problems by correcting their bad behaviors. This method specifically includes: systematic desensitization therapy (the treatment process is an orderly and continuous therapy to eliminate or reduce symptoms), flooding therapy (immediately exposing the patient to strong stimuli or events), aversion therapy (using Chemical or physical torture to build aversion to bad behavior).
Behavioral therapy is highly targeted and is mainly used to treat psychological diseases such as phobias, fetishes, obsessive-compulsive neurosis, and sexual dysfunction.
3. Cognitive therapy
Cognitive therapy is a method of psychological treatment of patients by changing their cognition. Cognitive therapy believes that mood disorders and behavioral disorders are closely related to maladaptive distorted cognition. Therefore, in order to overcome emotional and behavioral disorders, it is necessary to find those maladaptive and distorted cognitions in the patient's mind, and adjust them into cognitions that are compatible with reality, thereby eliminating emotional and behavioral disorders.
Indications: Mainly anxiety disorders, phobias, obsessive-compulsive disorder, depressive neurosis and other neuroses, as well as some personality disorders, psychosexual disorders and psychosomatic diseases.
Operation steps: First, make the patient understand that maladaptive cognition will lead to maladaptive emotions and behaviors; secondly, discover the bad cognition that leads to bad behavior and point out its irrationality; finally , help and urge them to change maladaptive cognitions and establish correct concepts to produce good emotions and adaptive behaviors.
4. Biofeedback therapy
Biofeedback therapy refers to the use of modern equipment such as modern electronic instruments as the main means to control the bioelectricity of various parts of the human body. Signals such as human body skin temperature, blood pressure, EEG heart rate, etc. are processed and displayed through images, sounds, etc., allowing patients to understand their physical conditions; and under the guidance of the therapist's language, they can use their own thoughts to control their physical condition. Mechanisms of psychological and physiological activity. Biofeedback therapy can not only treat various psychological diseases, but also physical diseases.
Indications: Mainly used to treat various physical and mental diseases, such as diabetes, migraines, ulcers, coronary heart disease, hypertension, menopausal syndrome, insomnia, etc. Biofeedback therapy is becoming more and more popular because it does not have any side effects on the patient's body or mind.
5. Morita therapy
Morita therapy was developed by the Japanese psychiatrist Masuma Morita in the 1920s. It combined some of the main methods for treating neurosis at that time, such as isolation therapy and reasoning. A kind of psychological therapy created by therapy, occupational therapy, life therapy, etc. The basic idea is to "let nature take its course and make a difference."
The main indications are neurosis, especially anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, phobia, hypochondriasis, depressive neurosis and neurasthenia.
Since the theory of Morita therapy has the characteristics of Eastern culture, it is more suitable for Chinese people who also belong to Eastern culture, and has been quickly promoted in our country.
How to operate: It is divided into outpatient treatment and inpatient treatment. Outpatient treatment mainly uses Morita's mottos such as "Let nature take its course", "Start now" and "Focus on action" to help patients recognize and correct their inappropriate cognitions and behaviors, and encourage patients to do what they should do until Once you can live and act like a normal person, your social functions will be fully restored.
Inpatient treatment is generally suitable for patients with more severe neurosis. Treatment is divided into four stages: absolute bed rest period, light activity period, heavy activity period, and life training period.
6. Suggestion therapy
Suggestion therapy is a psychological treatment method that uses words, body language, drugs, etc. to treat patients' diseases. This therapy allows patients to be confident in their own disease treatment under the guidance of a doctor; it relieves the pressure of the disease to achieve the purpose of treating the disease. What needs to be reminded here is that the drugs used in suggestion therapy are not drugs with special curative effects, but are just ordinary nutritional drugs, because the doctor's suggestions have a magical effect in the eyes of the patient.
Specific method: Use divergent thinking instead of looking at the problem one-sidedly. If you regard temporary difficulties as life's training for you, you will become more mature after these setbacks. In this way, people will face the difficulties that arise positively and optimistically, and your mood will become happy; the therapist treats the patient Positive suggestions are helpful for treatment; patients use self-suggestion to slowly correct their abnormal psychology and restore their mental health.
7. Cathartic therapy
In real life, people are inevitably troubled by various worries and produce bad emotions. If such negative emotions are suppressed for a long time and cannot be vented, it will affect physical and mental health, and even affect normal work and study. Therefore, it is necessary to find an appropriate way to vent negative emotions.
Specific methods:
Talk. Talking is a common way for people to vent their dissatisfaction. This method is also often used in psychology to treat patients with mental illness. Once you have dissatisfaction, don't suppress it. Find your friends, relatives, and doctors. Even if you can't solve the problem, talk about your various bad emotions, and the depression will be released.
In addition, if you tell your bad emotions to the tape recorder and then play it back, your bad emotions will be gone in less than three times.
Exercise. This refers to venting your bad emotions through exercise.
Cry. Crying is not only the reproduction of people's inner emotions, but also the venting of people's grief. When people cry, sadness and pain also flow away with the tears. This method seems to be a patent for women, but as the song goes - "It's not a sin for a man to cry." For the sake of his own mental health, it doesn't hurt for male friends to cry when they are sad?
Traveling . Beautiful scenery can make people forget their worries and blend in. All sadness and depression will drift away with the wind and flow away with the water. Therefore, if you are tired or annoyed, you might as well take a break and walk into the embrace of nature. There are three main methods of psychoanalytic therapy.
Supportive therapy: refers to the medical staff guiding, guiding, persuading, comforting, and reassuring the patient so that the patient has a correct understanding of the disease and eliminates or alleviates the fear of the disease. of fear and anxiety, and restore adaptation to the surrounding environment.
Psychoanalytic therapy: Also known as psychoanalytic therapy, it is a psychotherapy method based on Freud’s psychoanalytic theory. Freud's psychoanalytic theory believes that human psychological disorders originate from unconscious conflicts.
Psychoanalysis uses free association to treat patients. The patient unearths or exposes the trauma or painful experience suppressed in the unconscious through free association. The doctor guides the patient so that the patient can completely understand and re-understand himself, transform his personality, change the original behavior pattern, and achieve the purpose of treating the disease. .
Hypnotherapy: It puts the patient in a hypnotic state, and the medical staff gives suggestions to the patient to eliminate the patient's fear and achieve the purpose of treatment. For example, a doctor said to a patient with anxiety disorder under hypnosis: "After this treatment, your mood will soon become calm, you will no longer have restlessness and anxiety, your headache will soon be relieved and disappear, and you will be able to sleep." It will get better day by day, and I will sleep soundly and deeply."
Behavior therapy: It is an emerging psychotherapy method that developed rapidly after 1960 and has attracted more and more attention from the medical and psychological circles. The theoretical basis of behavioral therapy is Pavlov's conditioned reflex theory and Skinner's operant conditioning principle. The guiding ideology of behavioral therapy is that people have the ability of self-control and self-regulation. Human behavior is learned from the external environment.
Behavior therapy believes that people’s morbid psychological and physical symptoms are abnormal behaviors and a manifestation of the incompatibility between people and the environment. It can be adjusted and transformed through learning, so behavioral therapy is also called behavior modification therapy.