There are several standard forms of scientific papers, and their characteristics are as follows:
The format of scientific papers generally includes: ① title, ② signature, ③ abstract, ④ keywords, ⑤ Introduction, ⑥ main text, ⑦ conclusion, ⑧ references.
1. Title
The title is a necessary component. The title requires a concise and appropriate phrase, and can reflect the specific content of the article. A good title can often inspire readers' interest. Generally, the title should include the main keywords of the article. The title should not be very long, generally no more than 20 Chinese characters.
2. Abstract
The abstract is the summary and is an indispensable part of the paper. The abstract of the paper is an independent short article with its own special features. It is based on summarizing the paper, using simple, clear, easy-to-understand, and incisive language to summarize the full text content, leaving the main stem and removing the branches and leaves, and extracting the main information of the paper. The author's point of view, the main content of the paper, research results, and unique insights should all be reflected in the abstract.
Good abstracts are easy to index and search, easy to include in large databases and provide information to others. Therefore, abstracts play a vital role in data exchange. The number of words in the abstract is generally around 300 words.
3. Keywords
In order to facilitate readers to find documents from a vast sea of ??books and periodicals, especially to meet the needs of automatic computer retrieval, 3-8 keywords should be given after the abstract. . Choose keywords that can reflect the characteristics and content of the document and are relatively versatile. First of all, we must select normative words that are the subject words of Renxiyu.
4. Text
The text is the core component of a scientific paper and mainly answers the question "how". The main text should fully explain the viewpoints, principles, methods and the entire process of achieving the expected goals of the scientific paper, and highlight the word "new" to reflect the originality of the scientific paper. According to the needs, the paper can be divided into layers, analyzed layer by layer, and set up hierarchical titles according to the layers.
Scientific paper writing does not require gorgeous words, but it requires clear and logical ideas, concise, accurate, lively and fluent language; the content must be objective, scientific, and complete, and try to let the facts and data speak for themselves; always use concise sentences If words can explain clearly, use words to describe. If words are difficult to explain clearly or it is complicated to say, tables or pictures should be used to explain. Physical quantities and units should adopt legal measurement units.
After the main text is finished, it is the final summary of the entire article. The conclusion is an essential part of a scientific paper. Mainly to answer "what has been studied" (What). It should be based on the phenomena, data and analysis obtained from the experiments or investigations in the text, and thus be pointed out completely, accurately and concisely.
The first is the principles and their universality revealed by the results of the investigation or experiment of the research objects; the second is whether there are any exceptions found in the research or problems that are difficult to explain and solve in this paper; the third is the relationship with The similarities and differences of previously published research work (including others or the author's own); the fourth is the theoretical and practical significance and value of this paper; the fifth is suggestions for further research on this topic.
5. References
It reflects the scientific basis of the manuscript and the author respects the research results of others and provides readers with the sources of relevant materials cited in the article, or in order to save space and facilitate narrative, Provide detailed text on content mentioned in the paper but not expanded upon. The references included in the paper should be limited to those publications that the author has personally read, cited in the paper, and officially published, or other relevant archival materials, including patents and other documents.