Abstract: There are many techniques and expression techniques for playing the dulcimer. Among them, the main techniques include playing, round bamboo, vibrato, sliding bamboo, tapping, plucking, vibrato and hooking. Techniques include seven categories: single tone, double tone, round tone, round tone, broken chord, two-part configuration and color techniques. Accurate, concise, flexible and clever use of these dulcimer techniques and expression techniques in the music can enhance the performance. The artistic appeal makes the performance better. Let’s take a look at the eight major techniques of Yangqin. 1. What are the eight major techniques of Yangqin?
As one of the indispensable instruments of national music, Yangqin has a variety of playing techniques, which can be summarized as playing, wheeling, vibrating, sliding, dotting, plucking, Rubbing and hooking are called the Eight Methods of Yangqin. Here is a brief introduction to you.
1. Playing technique
Playing technique is the basic feature of dulcimer art. It starts from "holding bamboo" and is not only related to the player's ability to carry bamboo and play. Feeling; and also affects the choice of playing method and the timbre and sound quality effects presented. The scientific "holding of bamboo bamboo" should be with the hand in a half-clenched fist shape, with the thumb gently pressing on the bamboo handle of the piano, and the index finger, middle finger, ring finger, and little finger leaning on the back of the bamboo handle in their natural order. Through this way of holding the piano, it lays the foundation for the presentation of various dulcimer performance techniques. After establishing the method of holding the piano, the application of the playing method also became logical. Playing not only requires the use of wrist and arm strength; it also requires coordinated movements of the wrist, hand, and elbow. It is purely through the natural physiological movements of people to drive related playing activities. This kind of natural and rational playing method makes the timbre and sound quality of the dulcimer appear real but not false. In particular, it makes use of the flexibility characteristics of human elbow movements to make the external movement style of the performance appear free and natural. , giving the audience a beautiful audio-visual experience and strengthening the emotional expression of specific dulcimer works.
2. Phyllostachys technique
The dulcimer is a point-based instrument. Like many other plucked instruments, it must use dense points to form a specific long sound effect. These dense dots are a distinct reflection of traditional Chinese thinking, thus forming the unique "rotation" performance technique of Chinese dulcimer art, that is, a performance that solves the singing melody by using dots and lines. The round bamboo technique is formed on the basis of the "bamboo holding" and "playing" techniques, that is, through the rotation of the force point on the forearm, the forearm drives the wrist, and the wrist remains relaxed, so as to facilitate long-term acceleration and exertion, and It can also obtain uniform and fine timbre and sound quality effects of bamboo. Specifically, this "wheel bamboo" technique mainly includes three types: single tone theory, double tone wheel, and hand wheel. The single-tone wheel mainly means that the player's hands alternately play the same note quickly to produce a dense, continuous, and even tone. The double tone wheel refers to the player's hands quickly playing the harmonic dense and uniform tone quality on differentiated notes (such as octaves, sixths, thirds, and many other different intervals). The hand wheel is the most effective technique to express the dulcimer as a polyphonic instrument. It requires the performer to be able to wheel the notes with one hand and accompaniment with the other hand, thereby vividly demonstrating the polyphonic melody characteristics and timbre beauty of a specific dulcimer work. .
3. Trembling Bamboo Technique
It is divided into two types: Single Bamboo and Qi Bamboo: Single Bamboo performance technique mainly refers to single-note performance, including left bamboo, right bamboo, and reverse bamboo. , Bamboo or hitting the board and other techniques. No matter how different their sound quality effects are, they are all presented in the form of a single tone. Therefore, such performance techniques are collectively called "single bamboo" techniques. This kind of performance skills is not only related to the yangqin performer's playing speed, playing timbre, playing posture, stage image, etc., but also affects whether other various performance skills can be completed smoothly, etc. Therefore, forming good single bamboo playing habits is the key to promoting An important means for the maturity and perfection of dulcimer playing techniques. Secondly, Qi Bamboo performance techniques mainly refer to Harmony Qi Bamboo, Octave Qi Bamboo and Double Tone Bamboo. The performance technique lies in the performer's hands rising and falling at the same time in different positions, which means that the hands are required to be synchronized in terms of strength, speed, and timbre. The two bamboos fall as if they were one note.
4. Bamboo Slide Technique
The Bamboo Slide technique is developed on the basis of the Trembling Bamboo technique. It is also called the Bamboo Slide technique. It is mainly performed through "Glide finger cots" and "steel plectrums" imitate the sound effects of pulling and pressing the strings of a pipa or guzheng instrument, thus presenting a melodious and songlike sound experience. For example, they can imitate the whistling of the wind, the sound of birdsong, string beating, etc. There are many different special effects. Generally speaking, the "sliding bamboo" technique during dulcimer playing can be mainly divided into three forms: sliding sliding, sliding sliding up, and sliding sliding. This kind of performance requires the use of slide finger cots. Therefore, the selection and application of finger cots is the key to learning such techniques. Since the strings and slide finger cots of the dulcimer instrument are made of metal, the standards of "tight, flat, and tight" must be followed during the sliding process. .
5. String-tapping techniques
The "string-tapping" techniques of dulcimer art are very diverse. According to the different string-tapping positions and dwell times, this type of string-tapping can be mainly divided into imitations. There are many different forms such as overtones, overtones, rub overtones, wood tones, drum tones, pause tones, etc. The most unique feature is that the right finger is used to "click the string" after striking the string. When playing, the player must pay attention to the time and position of the click, as well as the application of virtual pressing and real pressing, so that the sound quality of the music can show a rich sense of color and enhance its emotional expression.
6. Vibrato technique
The "vibrato" technique during yangqin performance is mainly divided into two types: one is to use a piece of bamboo to strum the strings, and then use the middle finger and ring finger of the other hand to play the strings on the yangqin. The other end of the instrument is used to continuously vibrate the strings, resulting in a wavy and vibrating sound effect; the other method is pressing and rubbing, which is the most distinctive Chinese dulcimer performance technique. By first pressing and then rubbing, the height of the original note on the string is changed to a certain extent. In most cases, the pressing and rubbing of the minor second and minor third are the main ones. Since the dulcimer instrument has many strings and is relatively hard. , therefore, players often perform specific pressing and rubbing techniques at the bottom of the treble code.
7. Plucking technique
The "plucking" technique in the dulcimer performing art can. It produces a crisp and bright tone effect, showing a special musical performance ability. Generally speaking, during the performance, the bamboo is turned over, keeping an angle of 45° with the strings, and the strings are plucked through the tail tip of the bamboo to produce a sound. Specific sound quality effect. This kind of pizzicato is a performance technique that pursues timbre and sound quality effects. During this process, the strings must be touched quickly to avoid various noises caused by the bamboo sliding the strings, thereby affecting the overall musical work. From the perspective of current yangqin performance, the performance techniques of plucking can be mainly divided into several forms, such as double plucking, single plucking, slide plucking, and alternate plucking. String performance techniques are divided into two forms: selective plucking and full plucking. During this process, you must pay attention to the force method and string contact angle required for each plucking technique, so as to produce pure and beautiful tone and long-lasting sound quality. Effects, etc.
8. String hooking technique
The so-called "string hooking" is mainly achieved by hooking the fingertips inward and the wrist upward to produce a specific sound quality effect. Famous. It can be divided into two forms: hooking with nails and hooking without nails. Among them, hooking without fingernails is to pick the strings through the belly of the finger, which produces a deep sound quality effect; hooking with nails has various techniques, including wiping, picking, splitting, holding, pinching, upward sliding hook, downward hooking, Double sliding hook and many other techniques. The sound quality is crisper and brighter. Therefore, the playing method of hooking with fingertips and hooking with fingernails remains the same, but the timbre effect shows a relatively large difference.
2. What are the expression techniques of Yangqin?
Yangqin has a long history of development. On the basis of inheriting tradition, absorbing and drawing on the technical expertise of sister national instruments and foreign musical instruments, my country's Yangqin has become its own In one body, it has rich and colorful expression techniques, which can be roughly divided into seven categories:
1. Single tone: Single tone is like beads falling on a jade plate, crystal clear, and is often used to decorate melody and make it lively. Lively, gorgeous and colorful.
2. Double tones: The double tones are full and powerful, and are mainly used for the notes that need to be played strongly in the melody to enhance the momentum and heighten the mood.
3. Round sound: The sound of the piano is like a trickling stream, gurgling endlessly. It is often used for slow and mid-tempo singing melodies to make them more lingering and graceful.
4. Playing wheel: The playing wheel is dense and compact, and is mostly used for notes with short duration, making them light and bright.
5. Decomposed chords: Decomposed chords are like the sparkling waves on a rippling lake, often used to describe beautiful mountain and river scenery and the charming scenery of nature.
6. Two-part configuration: Two-part configuration enhances the three-dimensional sense of the sound and makes the music image more vivid and full.
7. Color techniques: reverse playing and plucking of strings make the melody fresh and melodious; chanting and hooking make the melody deep, simple, quiet and elegant; the pause sounds are like the light treading of horse hooves; the overtones make the artistic conception profound and the charm endless. ; Sliding imitates flowing water, and the sound of waves is as strong as the splashing of a waterfall, and as weak as a stream flowing in the drizzle.