Unless you find the different functions of the same compound, if there is no specific compound in the patent, you can do it, and it will be a new compound after making it, and you can publish an article, but if someone else has obtained a patent to protect this structure, not a specific compound. Then you can't apply for a patent Things in the article can be regarded as public and owned by everyone, while patented things are privately owned by others for a certain period of time.
Paragraph 4 of Article 63 of the Patent Law stipulates that "using the relevant patent exclusively for scientific research and experiment" is not regarded as patent infringement. Its purpose is to encourage scientific and technological research. But it is limited to scientific research and scientific experiments, that is, it is limited to scientific research activities that are not aimed at production, operation and profit.