Double telegraph\quadruple telegraph, movies, trams, typewriters, erasers, etc.
Edison is an American inventor. He is famous in history for establishing factory laboratories and pioneering ways to closely integrate technological development and scientific research. Born on February 11, 1847 in Mylan, Ohio, to a Dutch immigrant family. Died on October 18, 1931 in West Orange, New Jersey. He only received 3 months of formal education when he was young. Since the age of 12, he has worked as a newsboy, hawker, and telegraph operator to make a living. Influenced by M. Faraday, he devoted his life to electrical experimental research and invention. In 1868, he invented a vote recorder and tried to sell it to Congress, but it was not adopted. Edison's first invention did not find a market, which made him pay more attention to the practicality of the invention. In 1869, Edison moved to New York from Boston. He improved the telegraph machine of the Golden Indicator Telegraph Company, which was appreciated by the company manager and was employed with a monthly salary of US$300 (which was a very high monthly salary at the time). In 1870, Edison moved to New Jersey and began his period of efficient invention. In 1874 he improved the typewriter. In 1876, he added a carbon microphone to the telephone invented by A.G. Bell to improve the sound of receiving calls.
In 1876, Edison founded his famous laboratory. In this laboratory, he broke the tradition of individual scientists conducting research alone, and organized a group of specialized talents (including N. Tesla and others) who proposed topics and assigned tasks to work together on a project. invention, thereby creating the correct way for modern scientific research. In 1877, he invented the phonograph, which made him famous. In 1878, he began research on incandescent lamps. After many failures in more than ten months, he successfully lit an incandescent carbon filament lamp on October 21, 1879, and it lit up stably for two whole days. In 1882, he founded the world's second public thermal power plant on Pearl Street, New York, and established the electric lighting system in New York City, which became the prototype of the modern power system. The realization of electric lighting not only greatly improved people's production and labor conditions, but also heralded the coming era of electrification of daily life. In 1883, while experimenting with a vacuum light bulb, Edison accidentally discovered that there was an electric current flowing between the hot and cold electrodes. This phenomenon later became known as the Edison effect and became the basis of the tube and electronics industry. In 1887, Edison moved to West Orange and in the same year established a larger and more equipped laboratory in the city, the famous Edison Laboratory (later known as the Invention Factory). Here, he made his own camera based on G. Eastman's invention. In 1914, Edison used a phonograph and camera to create the earliest sound film system.
In his later years, his inventions and innovations included batteries, cement mixers, recording telephones, duplex and multiplex telegraph systems, and railroad brakes. During World War I, he served as chairman of the Naval Technical Advisory Committee, directed research on torpedoes and anti-submarine equipment, and invented dozens of weapons. For this purpose, the U.S. government awarded him the Distinguished Service Medal in 1920, and the French government awarded him the Legion of Honor. In 1928, the United States Congress awarded him the Medal of Honor. Throughout his life, Edison obtained 1,093 invention patents.
Edison invented many inventions in his life, but after all, he lacked systematic scientific knowledge and therefore could not make correct judgments on the development of modern technology. At the end of the 19th century, the AC transmission system had appeared, but he still insisted on DC transmission, and lost the contract to build the Niagara Hydropower Station in the fierce competition with G. Westinghouse; his laboratory blindly trial-produced magnetic mineral separation equipment, consuming
After using up all the money from the invention of the electric light, he finally had to give up. However, Edison's contributions to the development of electricity, the manufacture of electrical appliances and the promotion of the application of electrical energy have made him one of the greatest inventors in human history.