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Plant kingdom (English name)
Door, door
Class, class
Order, order
Familia family
Genus, genus
Species, species
-.Then you can have the following names:
Sugar maple swamp. Or sugar maple swamp.
In most nursery and garden documents, the namer's name usually does not appear with the Latin double name at the same time, so the name of sugar maple is usually written as:
Sugar maple or sugar maple
Although it is suggested that all specific modifiers should be lowercase, there are some exceptions. In the following cases, the first letter of a word can be capitalized: 1) The specific modifier comes from a person's name; 2) Derived from previous common names; 3) From a common name. From this, people can see that David Feng can be written as Davidia involucrata, because the specific honorific name refers to Armand David.
Sometimes it is also possible to get offspring by crossing different kinds of plants, such as two different kinds of Acer. The scientific name of this hybrid plant is usually preceded by a cross symbol "×". Commercial strawberry is a hybrid, which is the product of accidental hybridization between two strawberry species, Chilean strawberry and Virginia strawberry. The scientific name of commercial strawberry is:
Strawberry × pineapple
The multiplication sign "×" indicates a half-breed. In fact, the name of the hybrid should be written as Fragaria ×ananassa (symbol ×) without spaces. However, the symbol × is usually misunderstood as the letter X, which causes misunderstanding in certain modifiers, such as xananassa. In order to avoid this situation, the duplicate names of hybrids will be expressed in the following ways:
Genus) × specific epiphyte Specific epiphyte is usually an adjective, which is used to modify the unique but not necessarily unique characteristics of a species, such as Acer saccharum, where saccharum refers to the sweet juice of this tree. If it is an adjective, the "sex" of a specific modifier is usually consistent with the general "sex". Therefore, if the generic name has a "masculine" suffix -us, then a specific modifier may be spelled albus, but if the generic name is "feminine", it will be spelled alba.
Although the suffix of Quercus is -us, it is "negative", so for plant Latin, the scientific name of Quercus orientalis is Qurecus alba. The reason is that it is customary to think that all trees are "feminine", which is a common convention in classical Latin. Specific modifiers can also be nouns with "sex" in them. When a specific modifier is named after a person's name, when the person's name ends in a vowel or -er, add-i. For example, if the name is robert fortune, it becomes fortunei. If a person's name ends with a consonant and the letter -ii is added, for example, Darwin becomes Darwin ii. If the nominee is a woman, the suffix is -iae or -ae. When a specific modifier comes from a place name, it usually ends with -ensis, -nus, -inus, -ianus or -icus, such as canadensis. Other factors can also affect the suffix of specific modifiers. It can be weakly defined as a closely related and determinable biological (plant) population composed of one or more species.
In the same "family", some species may have more common characteristics than other genera. The similarity between flowers and fruits is the most commonly used feature for comparison. A genus can contain only one species, such as ginkgo biloba, or hundreds of species, such as rose. Species is difficult to define, it is a broader concept than absolute entity. Sometimes it is defined as a group of single organisms (plants) that are basically the same.
Theoretically, a species should be obviously different from other similar species in morphology. This is necessary for the practical classification that others can adopt. In a given species, all individuals are not exactly the same. Imagine that in a group, any feature may be expressed in different degrees in each individual, with a bell-shaped curve distribution. Humans are regarded as a single species of Homo sapiens, but we do know that they are not exactly the same in form. With this in mind, go into the forest and check the individual plants of a single species.
The abbreviation of species is sp. (singular) or spp. (plural)
Variety (Latin word for variant as, abbreviated as var. ):
In the botanical sense, varieties are a group of plants of a species, and they can develop obvious differences in characteristics, and these differences can be spread through seeds, that is, inheritance.
Variety, abbreviated as var. , is a taxonomic unit planted. Variety names are written in lowercase italics (or underscores), preceded by the abbreviation var. For example, common wild Gleditsia sinensis has thorns, but spinless Gleditsia sinensis has also been found. This kind of Gleditsia sinensis (Gleditsia sinensis or Gleditsia sinensis) and that kind of spinless Gleditsia sinensis variety. American Gleditsia sinensis Tricanthose = three thorns, inermis = unarmed, that is, no thorns. Sometimes subspecies are mixed with varieties. Their use depends on the different classification "schools" to which the author belongs. Used to identify and describe accidental variation, such as accidental albino flowers in plant species that usually have purple flowers. For example, dogwood is usually white, but peach-red flowers may also appear. They can write: Florida dogwood (rosewood).
But some people may regard it as a variant feature, so it has the following expression: dogwood Florida variety. Deep red (rose rosewood).
At present, the term form is rarely used by taxonomists, but it is still used in horticultural literature. A relatively modern term given by L.H. Bailey comes from the term cultivated variety. It can be defined as a collection of cultivated plants that can be clearly distinguished by one or more characteristics, and they can maintain their unique characteristics in reproduction (sexual or asexual).
One example is the Norwegian maple, which is called the "crimson king" of purple leaves. The name of this plant is written as Acer' King of Crimson'. Pay attention to the single quotation marks on both sides of the cultivated variety name. "Cultivar" is abbreviated as cv. Then, this plant can also be named (single quotation marks deleted): Acer. King of crimson.
Patents and trademarks.
Patents provide inventors with the exclusive right to make inventions, use inventions and sell inventions. Imported plants can apply for patents. From the date of patent marking 17 years (recently extended to 20 years), only professional holders can commercially cancel or sell patented plants (commercially raise or sell patented plants). Others can do this by licensing or agreeing with patent holders to pay royalties.
Trademark (? ) provides another simpler form of protection. The name of a plant can be registered as a trademark. Reg), and such a name cannot be used for any other plant name or product. The names of registered plants are marked with trademark use marks. The use of such names is controlled by law and can be extended indefinitely. However, in the United States, their usage may vary from state to state.
Cultivar names are considered as descriptions of plants and can be registered according to international naming regulations. Trademark names do not apply to nomenclature. Therefore, in addition to the name of the cultivated variety, a unique or novel name is needed to apply for a trademark. Trademark name is regarded as "brand name", which is similar to Air Jordan's sports shoes brand and has no classification effect. In addition, if a trademark name is used in international registration or printed matter as the name of a cultivated variety, it becomes a common name and loses the protective status of the inventor (breeder).
Therefore, registered trademark plants usually have trademark names and cultivated variety names. In this case, the names of cultivated varieties are usually considered as "meaningless" names and are rarely used in business. The registered name of a trademark is the name used for commercial examination. However, the so-called meaningless cultivated variety name is the name that applies the naming method.
Nursery catalogues (and introductions) sometimes pay little attention to the correct cultivation variety names and brand names of plants. These names become confused and misused, and brand names are often regarded as cultivated variety names. An example of name confusion is a popular red maple planted in Frank J. Schmidt nursery in Boring, Oregon. Its brand name is Red Sun, and its cultivated variety is called' Frankred', but it is sometimes wrongly marked as' Red Sun'.