The evaluation of standard quality is mainly based on the following three elements: First, the applicability of the standard. At present, the main problem of many standards in China is poor adaptability, and the standards can not meet the needs of the current situation. Our country began to clean up standards last year, and many national standards in the process of formulation stopped, while the original standards and all plans were cleaned up one by one to solve the problem of poor adaptability of standards. The poor adaptability of standards is caused by many reasons, including the problems of project establishment, formulation process, understanding of standards and technical insurmountable problems. The second is the advanced nature and rationality of the standard. The lag of some standards in performance and methods affects the adaptability of standards, as well as the quality of products and international trade. The third is to standardize the writing. Non-standard standard writing will make people feel at a loss.
Second, the causes of standard quality problems
The digestion, verification and testing of 1. standard are insufficient. At present, there are problems in the technical content of some standards in China, which affect the quality of standards. These problems are mainly manifested as follows: First, when adopting international standards or related international documents, there is no analysis of whether these contents are applicable to China's current situation; Second, there is no serious study on whether the adopted international documents are advanced or leading in this field; Third, some experiments done by individual laboratories have been summarized as national common testing methods without general verification; The fourth is to apply some immature scientific research results or experimental results that have not been fully verified to the standard; Fifth, the effective experience in a certain range must be implemented nationwide without full verification, and the review of the basis for the establishment of technical content is sometimes ignored in the formulation of standards.
2. The standard-setting procedure is not standardized enough. Standard formulation procedure is the most basic requirement to ensure the quality of standards. The standard-setting procedure includes what work should be done and what documents should be provided at what stage. The stage division of the national standard formulation procedure corresponds to that of WTO and ISO/IEC, as shown in the following table.
The project establishment stage includes the formulation of standard new work items, the preliminary work of standard new work items and the proposal of new work items. The national standard GB/T 1.2 has some problems in the establishment, feasibility, timeliness and coordination of the standard. It is suggested that the standard drafters and technical committees carefully understand. The stage of soliciting opinions includes sending relevant units for soliciting opinions and handling opinions, and proposing draft standards. Some standards involve multiple departments, and the opinions of relevant departments should be sought when soliciting opinions. Some standards involve legal issues, and relevant experts should be consulted. Now the problem of standards is becoming more and more complicated, and GB/T 1.2 standards involve patents. After China joins the WTO, we should follow the international practice. When it comes to patents and copyright issues, we must first seek the opinions of the patentee and get my consent. We must handle the patent issue carefully and seek the opinions of the relevant units. This is not just a form, it has substantive content. In the stage of soliciting opinions, we should have patent awareness and do a good job. There are generally two forms in the review stage: joint review and letter review. Mandatory standards, major standards and standards with large differences must be jointly reviewed. There is a process of ideological confrontation in the trial, in which different opinions can be fully expressed and some thorny issues can be dealt with. For some major standards, standards that affect the national economy and people's livelihood must be jointly reviewed. No matter what the standard is, you should send the information to the examiner in advance. If you give the information to the examiner at the review meeting, it will be difficult for the examiner to express his position at that time. There are so many technical committees in our country that few standards are really rejected at the technical committees, and even some very indecent standards are changed after the meeting. It is difficult to control what the standards will change. Give the materials to the reviewers earlier before the meeting, so that they have time to read the materials carefully, especially the quoted standards several times. Whether the cited standard is consistent with yours, whether the content of the standard is scientific, reasonable and advanced, and whether the arrangement and coordination of the standard are reasonable, all these need to give the examiner enough time to review. In the standard approval stage, the most important thing is to prepare all the materials and reflect the opinions at the review meeting to the letter, so as to modify the drafted standards. The drafter shall unconditionally obey the opinions of the review committee. The draft for approval must be revised according to the requirements of the review conclusion.
3. Standards undertakers are not familiar with standardization work. Why is there such a problem? This has something to do with the drafters. It is an extreme phenomenon that the drafters are unfamiliar, do not seriously solicit opinions, do not digest and absorb feedback information, and even conceal feedback information, but it is by no means uncommon. In the stage of soliciting opinions on standards, the feedback should be summarized, analyzed, absorbed and digested. Regarding the objection, whether the drafter agrees to deal with it according to the actual situation, some are really unreasonable, but some have to be carefully considered, and some individual opinions even overturn the majority opinions. These have all appeared in the standard, so concealing the objection is the most unfavorable to the drafter and the standard. The process of soliciting opinions is the process of fully soliciting opinions and improving the standard level. If we can't solicit opinions from all sides, there will be various problems after the implementation of the standards in the future. Raising objections just shows that everyone has fully considered this standard. No matter whether it is soliciting opinions or reviewing meetings, the different opinions put forward are amendments to the drafting content of the standard, which makes the content of the standard more perfect. It is impossible to say that all aspects of the standards are good, there must be various opinions, and reaching an agreement on a certain basis is the best result.
4. The experts who received the exposure draft did not carefully read and review the contents of the standard. Some experts agreed to the standard without careful analysis and returned their opinions to the drafting group; Experts attending the review meeting did not carefully review the standards; The standard examiners casually sign and agree to submit the standard for review, regardless of the effect after the standard is released; It is also the main reason for the quality problems of the standard to review the convening institutions of the meeting and exclude organizations and individuals who raise objections from the meeting.
Third, how to compile qualified standards
1, the standard project should be fully demonstrated. The problem of standards does not appear at the time of review, but at the time of project establishment. At present, many problems of many standards have not been fully considered when they are formulated, and they have no time to consider them when they are reviewed. Before the standard is established, it is necessary to fully demonstrate whether this standard should be established. The following questions should be fully considered: what problems should the standard solve and whether the objective conditions for solving these problems are mature; What standards are involved in these problems, how many standards will be formulated to solve this problem, whether it is a series of standards or a standard divided into several parts; Are there any international references? Whether our country has corresponding experience; How much manpower and material resources are needed; In addition to the drafting unit, which departments will apply; Which departments are concerned about this standard and what kind of interests they have. These are all issues that need to be analyzed and considered. The more transparent our standards are, the more open our information will be.
2. Appropriate personnel should be provided for standard drafting. No matter how many people make up the standard drafting team, these people should meet the following conditions: familiar with the technical content, the standard drafter should be familiar with the technology and have a certain knowledge of standardization, and have a certain understanding of the operating rules of the standard; To have a certain document retrieval ability, not only the international organization for standardization, but also the industry norms and standards formulated by various industries are different, which requires the standard drafters to have corresponding retrieval ability; Writing documents should be logical and have the ability to write standards; Must have certain organizational and management skills, standards are not just written in books, in the course of work, we should constantly coordinate with people from all walks of life, with people who disagree with us, and with relevant departments; You should be able to fully express your views and be good at listening to others' opinions; Strong sense of responsibility, can not ask the translation company to translate some international standards or standards of other countries, directly subject to the translation.
3, to a comprehensive search related literature before writing the standard, to a comprehensive search related literature, find the literature related to this standard, careful analysis, find out what can be directly quoted by this standard. Specifically, the following documents should be searched: technical and legal documents, relevant standards and specifications that can be directly quoted, books on standardization, etc. Books and standards related to standardization should consider the following aspects: national standards, industry standards, international standards or documents (standards) published by relevant foreign industries and associations.
4. Make preparations before drafting the standard (1). Before drafting the standard, the relevant technical contents should be fully studied and decided: the scope of application of the standard should be fully considered and the relevant technical contents should be selected around the standard; Ensure that the selected technical content has sufficient basis; Make corresponding work arrangements for data that need to be verified or tested; Fully understand the cited standards and related standards. (2) Basic requirements for formulating standards: understand the most basic requirements of standardization, such as not violating laws and regulations, understanding the attributes and characteristics of standards, and understanding the procedures for formulating standards; Master the standard format and basic requirements of writing; Master the way of coordination with relevant standards; Understand the information related to the application of this standard.
5, do a good job in the preparation of the draft and standard, and solicit opinions within the relevant scope. The content of the draft should be advanced and feasible, and the standard text should meet the requirements of standard preparation. The standard layout has strict logic and concise language; At the same time as the exposure draft, the preparation instructions shall be prepared, and the contents in the preparation instructions shall conform to the items listed in the national standard management measures. Whether soliciting opinions by email or online, both the draft for soliciting opinions and the preparation instructions of the draft for soliciting opinions should be sent to the object for soliciting opinions at the same time; For the reply, we should carefully analyze and summarize the opinions and modify the draft for comments. When revising the draft for comments, the preparation instructions should also be revised to match the draft for comments; To put forward opinions to do the corresponding test and verification work; Opinions are basically unified, and it is unlikely to produce subversive opinions. Prepare manuscripts and corresponding materials.
6. To hold a good review meeting, we must first ensure that the reviewers are representative and have representatives from all relevant units; According to the regulations, manuscripts, summary tables of opinions and preparation instructions should be sent to reviewers in advance; The number of meetings should meet the requirements; The person presiding over the meeting should understand the basic requirements of the standard review meeting; The examiner should be allowed to have reservations or objections to the standard content, and if there are any reservations or objections, this situation should be truthfully written into the minutes of the meeting; Although there is no fixed format, the minutes of the meeting should indicate the list of participants, the host, the time and place of the meeting, the evaluation of the standard, the standard level and the opinions that need to be revised, especially the concluding comments after the standard review. Different opinions on the standard should also be clearly expressed in the minutes of the meeting for consideration by the examination and approval department; The drafter should listen carefully to the opinions of the review meeting and modify the manuscript according to the requirements of the meeting minutes; During the letter trial, the opinions of the letter trial shall be truthfully summarized, and the technical Committee shall make a letter trial conclusion. The revised manuscript should be submitted and reported in time.