Why did Qin Shihuang build the Terracotta Warriors and Horses of Qin Shihuang's Mausoleum?

Seeing death as life China has been paying attention to "seeing death as life" since ancient times, thinking that there will be a ghost world after death. If everything before his death is taken underground, his life in the underworld will be the same as before. \x0d\ So archaeologists speculate that these terracotta warriors and horses are the guardians of Qin Shihuang's underworld. The first emperor didn't have to sacrifice a living horse, and his guards were all made by skilled craftsmen. Are these terracotta warriors and horses the last evidence of the Qin Mausoleum? \x0d\ Archaeological research shows that the manufacturing age of these terracotta warriors and horses began in about 22 1 BC, when Qin unified the whole country, and ended in 209 BC, which lasted about 10 years, requiring the joint efforts of tens of thousands of craftsmen. \x0d\ If the layout of the Mausoleum of the First Qin Dynasty is built by simulating the shape of the political center of the Qin Dynasty and Xianyang, the Terracotta Warriors and Horses Pit symbolizes the army of the underground kingdom of the Qin Mausoleum, that is, a ghost army! \x0d\ After 1974 discovered the No.1 Terracotta Warriors Pit, in the first half of 1975, the No.2 and No.3 Terracotta Warriors Pits were discovered one after another. The three pits are basically arranged in zigzag, with a total area of over 20,000 square meters. There are more than 7,000 terracotta warriors and horses, and more than 0/00 wooden chariots. The three terracotta warriors and horses pits are all underground tunnel-type civil structures, which are separated from each other, self-contained, closely linked and integrated, and together form a huge and tight underground military camp. \x0d\ 1979, archaeologists discovered a bronze chariot pit 20 meters west of the Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor, which reflected the east-west trend of the Terracotta Warriors and Horses pit and became another major archaeological discovery in China. \x0d\ Bronze chariots and horses are mainly cast in bronze, and some of them are gold and silver ornaments. Each part is cast separately, and then a plurality of parts are assembled into a whole through various mechanical connection processes, such as embedding casting, welding, bonding, riveting, pressing, buckle fastening, pin connection and the like. Full-body painting, the horse is white, and the pigments used for painting are mineral pigments mixed with glue, and the three-dimensional lines are shaped with the concentration of glue. \x0d\ In addition to the three pits, there is also a No.4 pit, which has only been dug and expanded, and it has not been possible to build a brick shed and put it into the Terracotta Warriors. According to the survey, No.4 pit covers an area of more than 4,000 square meters. Although it is rarely mentioned, it is not dispensable because these four pits constitute a complete military establishment system. Three are short of one, leaving historical defects. \x0d\ The three pits for burying this ghost army are different: Pit No.1 of Terracotta Warriors seems to be an infantry unit; Pit 2 is a multi-armed special force composed of cavalry, chariots and infantry (including drivers); Pit No.3 seems to be the command organ in charge of Pit No.1 and Pit No.2. \x0d\ There are more than 7,000 pottery figurines, more than 0/00 chariots/kloc, more than 400 pottery horses and hundreds of thousands of weapons in the three pits. The discovery of Terracotta Warriors and Horses in the Qin Mausoleum is known as "the eighth wonder of the world" internationally. Since 1975, the state has built exhibition halls on three pits for public display, and the second pit was exhibited while excavating. Terracotta warriors and horses in pit No.1 are arranged in the east-west tunnel of 1 1. Armored warriors and six chariots carrying bows and arrows alternate with each other on the east side of March 8th Road, forming the main force of the army array. In front of the main force are three rows of horizontal teams, with 70 warriors in each row, each holding a bow and arrow, each commanding and commanding, forming the vanguard of the whole array. On the other three sides, there are a series of samurai statues facing south, north and west, which seem to be flanks and guards to prevent the enemy from attacking from the wings and behind. (The first batch of Qin Terracotta Warriors and Horses) \x0d\ Qin Terracotta Warriors and Horses are real people and horses. Warrior figurines are 1.8 meters high, with different faces and dignified demeanor. According to their costumes, bellies and arrangement positions, they can be divided into generals, military attaché s, material officers, archers, warriors and soldiers, as well as the unique kneeling figures and pommel horse cavalry figures in the No.2 pit, which vividly reproduce the magnificent military capacity of Qin Shihuang in conquering the four seas and unifying the six countries. The unearthed weapons are even more surprising. These chrome-plated bronze weapons are still cold and shiny, as sharp as new. The chrome plating of bronze weapons proves that this technology in China is more than 2 1937 years ahead of the technology created by German as an invention patent. \x0d\ In addition, two groups of bronze chariots and horses were unearthed near the mausoleum. Each group has a car and four horses. The car cover is gorgeous, the windows are carved, and the saddle is crisscrossed with gold and silver. Every car has a hand figurine, which is really an artistic treasure of the Qin Dynasty. \x0d\ However, the rediscovery of terracotta warriors and horses has brought people a mass of fog. Why did Qin Shihuang use so many clay figurines to bury him? \x0d\ Some people think that the Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor was designed in essence according to the ancient ritual requirements of "death is like life". Because after Qin Shihuang ascended the throne, most of his energy and time were spent on the war to unify the whole country. At that time, he led thousands of troops to fight in the north, thus annexing six countries and unifying the world. In order to show his achievements before his death, it seems inevitable to be buried with him in the form of an army. \x0d\ Most scholars believe that the Terracotta Warriors and Horses of Qin Dynasty are part of the Mausoleum of Qin Shihuang, reflecting the military situation of Qin Shihuang before his death, but they have different opinions on specific issues. \x0d\ The first view is that this large-scale Qin Jun group sculpture unearthed in the pit of Qin figurines is a symbol of Qin Shihuang's creation and strengthening of centralization; A large number of terracotta warriors and horses in the pit are the image records of the powerful military forces under the rule of Qin Shihuang. In a sense, it can also be said to be the symbol of Qin Shihuang's eastern patrol escort. \x0d\ The second view is that the Qin Terracotta Warriors and Horses Pit symbolizes the troops stationed outside the capital, which can be called Su Wei Army. The Terracotta Warriors and Horses Array 1 with chariots and infantry alternately arranged is the right army, the Terracotta Warriors and Horses Pit No.2 with chariots and cavalry as the main body is Zuo Jun, the unfinished abandoned pit is the proposed Zhong Jun, and the Terracotta Warriors and Horses Pit No.3 is the shogunate of the commanders-in-chief of the right, left and Chinese armed forces. The pit itself symbolizes the barrier of the garrison. Defending the capital by the three armed forces is the embodiment of Qin Shihuang's desire to strengthen centralization and safeguard national unity. \x0d\ Third point of view, the Terracotta Warriors and Horses Army array of Qin Shihuang Mausoleum is an unfinished project, and all of them should have 50,000 Terracotta Warriors and Horses. This huge army array is equipped with troops in front, back, left, right and middle, which is actually the most basic array method practiced in the Qin Dynasty. One of the characteristics of square formation is "thin in the middle and thick in the square". China's army, Serenade, received more soldiers from four peripheral teams. The military array of Qin Terracotta Warriors and Horses is configured according to the square matrix method of "thin with medium and thick with square". \x0d\ The fourth view is that the three pits of Terracotta Warriors and Horses are not the symbols of the left, middle and right armed forces, but reflect the three components of the Central Army in the Qin Dynasty. The third pit is by no means what people usually call the headquarters, but should be the palace guard Lang Wei who symbolizes the command of the doctor. Pit No.1 is a reflection of the Miyagi Guards under the jurisdiction of Wei Wei, or the Confederate Army. The second pit reflects the capital garrison commanded by the lieutenant, which can be called the North Army. \x0d\ For the No.3 pit, some people think it is the clan of the army, used for military sacrifice, and it is the place where the owner of the ancestor worship object in the army moved and resettled. \x0d\ For the No.2 pit, it was suggested that it is a four-beast array, that is, the curved array is Zhu Bird array, the mixed array of chariots, infantry and cavalry is Xuanwu array, the array composed of cavalry and chariots is Qinglong array, and the chariot array is White Tiger array. \x0d\ Some scholars believe that the terracotta army array is the "positive array" described in Wei Manzi; Some scholars believe that the terracotta warriors and horses are a group of figurines buried for Qin Shihuang. At present, it is impossible to confirm what purpose the Terracotta Warriors and Horses were built for, but judging from the research results of the military system in Qin Dynasty, the second and third views are more convincing.