As early as 65438+ years before the 1980s, some scientists, such as Faraday, Maxwell and Hertz, had studied the basic concepts of radio. In 1887, German physicist Hertz first confirmed Maxwell's prediction about the existence of electromagnetic waves with experiments, and discovered electromagnetic waves. Electromagnetic waves in a specific wavelength range are also called radio waves, because the receiving equipment and the transmitting equipment can receive the signal of the transmitting end at a distance without direct connection through wires.
Marconi and popov realized that radio waves could be used for communication. After unremitting efforts, they finally made great progress in radio communication.
Marconi was born on April 25th, 874 in Bologna, northern Italy. As a teenager, he became interested in his father's science books. When he was a student, he was determined to study electricity. His mother specially invited the professor to his home to give him individual guidance. Marconi set up a laboratory in the attic of his home to conduct various electrical experiments.
At the age of 20, Marconi read Hertz's article about electromagnetic wave experiment, which aroused his interest in studying radio communication. The following spring-1895, he sent the Morse code "S" signal through the transmitter in the attic, and the receiver in the garden successfully received the signal. In June of the same year, the experiment of spark discharge Morse telegraph machine was successfully carried out, and the communication distance was 2.4 1 km.
Because the Italian government at that time was not interested in Marconi's achievements, in order to realize Marconi's ambition, his mother encouraged him to go abroad for further development. 1896 February, Marconi came to London with his wireless telegram. He used balloons and kites to raise the antenna, extending the distance of wireless telegraph communication to 6.4 kilometers. With the support of the British General Post Office, in June of the same year, he obtained the patent of wireless telegraph for sending and receiving signals in Britain. /kloc-returned to Italy in 0/897, and founded the wireless telegraph communication company (the predecessor of Marconi Radio Company) to carry out the communication business between ships. 1898, the first paid radio broadcast was sent from the Isle of Wight in England.
1On March 27th, 899, Marconi successfully made the radio signal cross the English Channel, from Bren to Dover, with a transmission distance of 5 1 km. In September of the same year, Marconi equipped two American ships with radio equipment, and reported the news of the America's Cup speedboat race to the new york press by wireless telegraph, which caused a sensation in the world. This year, he also used wireless telegrams to communicate with the rescued "Maximus" and achieved success. 1900, Marconi radio transmitter was first installed on British warships.
Popov, the pioneer of independent research on wireless telegraphy, was born on March 4th, 1859. 1882 graduated with honors from St. Petersburg University. From 1883, he began to teach at the Russian naval torpedo school. After the electromagnetic wave of 1887 Hz was discovered, popov immediately realized the importance of electromagnetic wave, and began to seek the method of receiving electromagnetic wave in a long distance, and conducted research and experiments on receiving lightning radio waves in the atmosphere.
1895 In the spring, popov made a storm warning instrument. Among them, he used his own improved metal powder detector and used an antenna on the receiver for the first time to improve the receiving sensitivity. This receiver, which is mainly used to detect lightning, is actually an electromagnetic wave receiver. It can receive and record the electromagnetic wave radiated by lightning discharge at high altitude by bell or typewriter. On May 7th of the same year, popov gave a performance at the Russian Society of Physical Chemistry. Soon, he used the telegraph instead of the bell as the terminal of the receiver, forming a relatively complete radio transceiver system.
1896 On March 24th, popov demonstrated the operation of Morse code transmission device by electromagnetic wave between two buildings of St. Petersburg University. He pronounced the word "hertz" in Morse code, and the chairman of the Physics Society in another building received the signal. In the same year, he improved the above device and put radio communication into practical use.
1898, popov and the Russian navy successfully realized the communication between ships and the coast with a distance of about 10 km. At the end of 1899, the communication distance was extended to 45 kilometers. 190 1 year, Russian troops began to use popov's radio communication equipment for communication.
Popov started his research work several years earlier than Marconi. He was the first person to use the antenna. However, Marconi, who was lucky, conducted the experiment of transmitting wireless telegrams earlier than popov in the spring of 1895. Therefore, Marconi is generally regarded as the founder of wireless telegraph, but popov's contribution can not be ignored. They both made pioneering contributions to wireless communication.