What are the problems in the management of enterprise's technological innovation ability? 1 Weak awareness of technological innovation.
The positive role of enterprise innovation atmosphere lies in promoting technological innovation, and enterprise innovation consciousness is the key to determine the level of enterprise technological innovation ability. First of all, some small and medium-sized enterprises lack the driving force of technological innovation. Judging from the available data, technological innovation in China is mostly driven by external forces, lacking internal motivation. Secondly, the innovation input rate is low. At present, according to international practice, the survival rate of enterprises whose R&D investment in technological innovation accounts for less than 1% of sales revenue is almost zero; In order to survive, this ratio must be at least 2%. Most small and medium-sized enterprises in China are seriously under-invested.
2 poor management of technological innovation organizations
At present, the main problems existing in the organization and management of technological innovation in many enterprises in China are: (1) The organization and management mode of technological innovation is outdated. (2) The awareness of openness and management innovation is weak, and the degree of enterprise informatization is not enough. (3) Managers don't give innovative actors the necessary autonomy, and lack competition mechanism and technological innovation system.
3 technological innovation mechanism is not perfect
The main position of enterprise's technological innovation is not clear, so it is difficult to form an innovation incentive mechanism for enterprises. For a long time, China's industrial structure adjustment mainly depends on the national plan to allocate resources, and most of the needs of enterprises rely on external introduction, so some enterprises cannot carry out technological innovation. At present, about half of China's small and medium-sized enterprises have not set up special technology development institutions. In the existing enterprise technology development institutions, due to the lack of funds and talents, as well as the imperfect scientific research infrastructure or the lack of stable research topics and directions, they cannot play their due role.
4 the market environment for technological innovation is poor
First of all, under the market economy system, the present situation of technological innovation of small and medium-sized enterprises in China is: (1) market competition is not standardized, especially the adoption? Rebate? ,? Benefits? For example, improper marketing methods and lack of attention to the scientific and technological content of products lead to serious pressure dislocation of enterprises, and enterprises lose the motivation to pursue technological innovation; (2) The market is flooded with fake and inferior products and false advertisements, and all kinds of hype are profitable? Company? Disrupting the market, lax enforcement by market supervision institutions, seriously interfering with the guiding role of technological innovation; (3) Some administrative departments intervene in the market at will and abuse their powers, so that corruption and embezzlement in the procurement process cannot be effectively curbed; (4) The risk awareness of enterprises is not strong, scientific research and production are separated, there is no innovation motivation, and the innovation development of enterprises is slow. Secondly, China has not yet established an effective economic operation mechanism relying on the achievements of scientific and technological development. This also limits the investment of China enterprises in technological innovation. For a long time in the past, China's economic development model mainly relied on the input of capital, labor and resources. In recent years, we have realized that the role of science and technology in the process of economic development can not be underestimated, but in the actual process of economic operation, we still can't get rid of the original inertia immediately. This is one of the reasons why the investment scale of China enterprises has been expanding, but the economic benefits have not been improved accordingly.
5. The process of technology industrialization and commercialization is slow.
The industrialization of scientific and technological achievements generally goes through three stages: research, experiment and appreciation. Therefore, the transformation of scientific and technological achievements is more difficult than scientific research. According to statistics, the transformation rate of scientific and technological achievements in developed countries reaches 50%, while that in China is only 6% ~ 8%. At present, the technology of most enterprises is not closely integrated with the market, the basic research of technology is out of touch with the applied research, and the application is out of touch with the development. In addition, the unreasonable arrangement of R&D funds leads to a serious shortage of investment in applied research, resulting in a relatively low conversion rate of scientific and technological achievements of Chinese enterprises.
What are the problems in the management of enterprise's technological innovation ability? (1) The financial input is insufficient and the guiding force is not obvious.
Although in recent years, according to the requirements of higher authorities, scientific research funds have increased year by year, but due to the small base and poor foundation, the financial input of scientific research funds is small, and the guiding role is not obvious.
(B) Enterprise independent innovation system is not perfect.
The government has few incentive mechanisms for independent innovation, and the development mode of enterprises is extensive and the innovation ability is weak. There are few scientific and technological innovation platforms such as high-tech enterprises, engineering technology research centers, innovative enterprises and technology business incubators. There are only four national high-tech enterprises, three autonomous region-level engineering technology research centers, four innovative enterprises and one autonomous region-level science and technology business incubator.
(3) Lack of talents and insufficient motivation for innovation.
There is a lack of high-level talents, enterprises have no technology research and development institutions, and their technological innovation ability is not strong. At present, most enterprises in our city are short of high-level talents, doctors and masters account for less than the total number of talents, and the proportion of front-line talents in the total number is even lower, which seriously affects the independent innovation of enterprises. It is difficult for many enterprises to form R&D capabilities, and even if technologies and projects are introduced, it is difficult to achieve the purpose of digestion, absorption and innovation. Most small and medium-sized enterprises lack original scientific research results, and the number of patents they own is seriously insufficient, or even exists? Zero patent? Enterprise. There are only 63 invention patents in the city.
(D) Lack of motivation for independent innovation.
Because of entrepreneurs' own quality, limited ideas and high risk of innovation investment, the enthusiasm of independent innovation of enterprises is not high, and R&D investment is too small. The proportion of R&D investment in GDP of more than 90% enterprises in the city is much lower than 1%, and most of the so-called R&D investment is only used to buy equipment, and the real R&D funds are very few.
What are the problems in the management of enterprise's technological innovation ability? 1 Not paying enough attention to technological innovation.
At present, some enterprises lack understanding of the role of technological innovation in improving competitiveness and have not changed the concept of extensive management. Business leaders tend to focus on speed and scale, ignoring efficiency; Pay attention to capital construction, not to technological transformation; Emphasis is placed on the introduction and renewal of technical equipment, ignoring the digestion and absorption of soft technology and independent innovation. This thought and practice of not attaching importance to innovation has greatly hindered the development of independent innovation ability of small and medium-sized enterprises in China.
2 R&D investment ratio is low
The R&D investment ratio of enterprises in developed countries and newly industrialized countries generally accounts for 60% ~ 70% of their total investment, while that of Chinese enterprises is less than 40%. This low R&D investment will inevitably lead to the lag of innovation ability.
3 Lack of innovative talents
People are the most active resource in enterprise management and the foundation of enterprise technological innovation. Enterprises lack the necessary attention to technology developers and establish an effective competitive incentive mechanism, which leads to the lack of enthusiasm and motivation of many scientific and technological personnel to take root in enterprises for long-term technological innovation activities.
4 the foundation of scientific research is unstable
Up to now, the proportion of large and medium-sized enterprises setting up specialized technology development institutions is less than 1/3, and the innovation foundation of about 1/4 technology-level institutions is not solid, which leads to the abortion or low output efficiency of most innovative R&D projects. At present, most small and medium-sized enterprises in China are unable to play their due role in the construction of innovative R&D bases due to the lack of funds, talents, stable research projects or insufficient infrastructure.
5. The transformation of scientific and technological achievements is slow.
According to statistics, the transformation rate of scientific and technological achievements in developed countries reaches 50%, while that in China is only 6% ~ 8%. At present, the technology and market of most small and medium-sized enterprises in China are not closely integrated, and the results cannot be effectively transformed. In addition, in the process of cooperative development of a certain technology between scientific research institutes and enterprises, the project is often stranded due to intellectual property issues, which hinders the promotion of key technologies.
6 the effectiveness of market competition is not enough
The market system of small and medium-sized enterprises in China is not perfect, and many important factor markets have not been established, which leads to the unreasonable price system and the product price can not really reflect its technical content. In addition, some non-market factors (such as local protectionism) also interfere with market competition to a great extent, and the market operation mechanism is not perfect enough, thus forming a soft budget constraint for enterprises.