From 1985 to 23, the total number of patent applications accepted in China was more than 3,, ranking first in the world in terms of growth rate, but the conversion rate of patented technology owned by China was less than 1%, and the patent achievements of non-service inventors were even less sought after. On the one hand, enterprises are eager for patented technology, on the other hand, the conversion rate of results is low and industrialization cannot be realized. Today, the transformation of scientific and technological achievements in China is still difficult, and the situation of non-post inventors is even more difficult.
The information held by the "Beggars' Gang" reporter in science and technology
shows that in Jilin Province, more than 7 of the 76 patented inventions have not gained economic benefits; Nearly 3,5 of the 5, inventors are heavily in debt. Over the past 2 years, more than 5, patents have been registered in Hunan Province. At least 6, technical inventors are short of money, and 4, people are heavily in debt because of their inventions.
why do patent inventors become poorer and poorer?
It is understood that under the current scientific and technological management system, many job inventors can't trade freely because they have fixed units, and their units (mostly scientific research institutions) lack the enthusiasm to actively participate in market transactions.
according to the analysis of insiders, it involves many links to complete the whole transaction process of patented technology and let the buyer finally complete the product marketing. These links include the identification of patent technology, technology comparison, investment in production equipment, market prospect analysis and so on. If there is a problem in any link, both sides of the transaction will give up all their efforts.
this uncertainty in the transformation of scientific and technological achievements brings great risks to both sides of the transaction. This kind of risk can't be borne by individuals, and scientific research units are reluctant to trade because they are afraid of risks, and often seal scientific and technological achievements in their units.
in fact, the transaction of scientific and technological achievements may go through repeated failures, complicated legal disputes and unpredictable expenses. Scientists and technicians are not professional managers and negotiators. With the business knowledge possessed by patent holders and developers, it is quite difficult to fulfill the whole contract. Faced with these extra costs, scientific research institutions often prefer to seal the results rather than take too much risk. In the case of unpredictable transaction costs and expected market returns, the transformation of scientific and technological achievements can only be a chance, and failure leads to debt-ridden phenomena from time to time.
Wang Yigao, a member of Hunan Provincial Political Consultative Conference and assistant to the president of Hunan Academy of Science and Technology Research and Development, admits that the transformation of scientific and technological achievements has fallen into a strange circle. People engaged in scientific research and invention not only can't get rich, but make some people poor because of research and development. "The problem doesn't just happen to individuals. Many enterprises, universities and scientific research units are generally faced with the shortage of funds for research and development of new technologies. Some people joked that they are' beggars' in the scientific and technological circles. "
"helping the poor" is not a good thing
For many years, due to the defects in the cultivation of science and technology market system and the errors in understanding, China's patent technology transformation has remained at a low level for a long time. Although the investment in scientific research funds is increasing every year, scientific research institutions still hope that the government can increase its support. When some enterprises and experts talk about the difficulty in transforming scientific and technological achievements, they always reach out to the government for money and policies.
In this regard, Feng Chujian, deputy director of the Regulation and Intellectual Property Division of the Policy, Regulation and System Reform Department of the Ministry of Science and Technology, said that the current policy orientation is being gradually adjusted, and the way of supporting enterprises will be gradually adjusted from direct financial support to emphasizing the creation of a more objective, fair and favorable competitive environment, emphasizing the independent innovation ability and self-development ability of enterprises. On the other hand, as the main body of market economy, enterprises should also shift from relying mainly on government support to seeking market help more independently and actively. Feng Chujian believes that only enterprises with strong pioneering ability will have stronger market practice ability. That kind of "poverty alleviation" help is not a good thing for enterprises. Enterprises that enjoy preferential policies are supported for a period of time, but as long as the preferential policies stop, enterprises may die in a short time, while those enterprises that survive on their own can withstand the market test.
Wang Yigao also believes that the industrialization of scientific and technological achievements requires huge capital investment, and it is unrealistic to rely entirely on government support. Many state-owned enterprises and scientific research institutes are in trouble because the investment of enterprises and non-governmental organizations has not really started. "The transformation of scientific and technological achievements should be solved by making more use of the market principles in management, rather than relying too much on the preferential policies of the government".
Cost control of industrial agglomeration
According to experts' analysis, there are a large number of R&D institutions in China at present, and the transaction of results is too scattered, which leads to the lack of market power of the party with results and the serious asymmetry of market information, making it difficult for investors to find the technology they need. "Research institutions lack incentives due to institutional problems, and each research institute faces a huge market for transactions. These factors are the fundamental reasons that restrict the transformation and trading of scientific and technological achievements. "
it can be seen that the obstacle to the transformation of scientific and technological achievements is still the lack of market mechanism. How to speed up the construction of a system in which the state, enterprises and the people actively participate and promote the industrialization of R&D? Wang Yigao believes that the solution is to gather the industries needed for the formation of transactions and encourage enterprises to participate in organizing market transactions.
He analyzed that despite the strong market demand, the sellers are too small or the market organizers engaged in results trading are too small, which leads to the demand for scientific and technological achievements, but the space is narrow, and there are not many truly industrialized achievements. Sometimes, an achievement remains unattended after waiting for more than ten years. In this regard, the seller must effectively organize and provide products, services and communication tools according to the characteristics of the market; The buyer obtains reliable and complete information through the market organizer.
It is reported that the Shanghai Patent Office set up a "technology supermarket" in May this year, trying to conduct centralized trading of scientific and technological achievements in a specific market.
Policies should focus on encouragement and guidance
Some experts in the scientific and technological fields have felt that although the government has taken various measures to increase financial investment, incentives and preferential policies in recent years, it has not well established a development model of scientific and technological transformation that conforms to China's characteristics.
Feng Chujian said that the current policy of transforming scientific and technological achievements still has the characteristics of the transition period of market economy, and the main forms of support for enterprises are financial support and tax incentives. The future science and technology policy will shift from the decisive role of the government to giving full play to the basic role of the market in allocating resources, and the role of the government will mainly be incentive and guidance.
industry experts suggest that in order to solve the current problem of transformation of scientific and technological achievements, an integrated market for transformation and industrialization of scientific and technological achievements should be established as soon as possible, so as to form an environment where both buyers and sellers can realize trading and transformation; Set up specialized service companies to trade scientific and technological achievements, and let the organizers of the scientific and technological market enter the market to organize the transformation of scientific and technological achievements. Such companies are actually roughly the same as the knowledge-based service companies in western developed countries; Provide more incentives for the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, inventions and creations and the trading market, and accelerate the transformation of achievements into productivity.