As one of the "qualitative" research methods, the interview method has made an indelible contribution to the research and development of psychology. With the development of psychological research methods, the interview method is no longer exclusive to qualitative research and is often used in quantitative research. The following is a psychology paper about the interview method that I recommend to you. I hope you like it! Part 1 of a psychology paper about the interview method
"A Brief Discussion on the Application of the Interview Method in Psychological Research"
Paper keywords: interview method; psychological research; computer interview; behavioral interview
Paper abstract: This article starts from the two basic paradigms of psychological research and discusses that the interview method is not qualitative research patent, it can be used for both qualitative and quantitative research. Then, the specific application of interview methods in psychological research is discussed: seeking evidence for the use of other methods, computer interviews and behavioral interviews for psychological consultation and treatment.
Quantitative research and qualitative research are the two basic paradigms of psychological research. Quantitative research generally refers to a research method that measures and analyzes the quantifiable parts of something to test some of the researcher's own theoretical assumptions about the thing; qualitative research uses written, verbal and observational methods to obtain relevant psychological information. Descriptive data on characteristics and behavioral performance, and conduct qualitative analysis on these data. [1] The main methods of collecting data for quantitative research include experimental methods, surveys, tests, structural observation, etc.; the main methods of collecting data for qualitative research include observation, interviews, archival and documentary literature analysis, and audio-visual material analysis. Law etc. Because of the above distinction, people often think that quantitative methods cannot be used in qualitative research, and qualitative methods cannot be used in quantitative research. In fact, with the development of psychological research, quantitative research and qualitative research can complement each other. The advantages of quantitative research are exactly the shortcomings of qualitative research, and the strengths of qualitative research are the shortcomings of quantitative research. [2] In terms of methods, quantitative research methods can be used for qualitative research, and qualitative research methods can be used for quantitative research.
As one of the "qualitative" research methods, the interview method has made an indelible contribution to the research and development of psychology. With the development of psychological research methods, the interview method is no longer exclusive to qualitative research and is often used in quantitative research. This article discusses the application of interview methods (qualitative and quantitative) in psychological research.
1. Interview method and its characteristics
The interview method is a research method in which the researcher collects data on the psychological characteristics and behavior of the research subject through oral conversations. . [3] Through the interview method, we can learn about the interviewee’s subjective feelings, attitudes, emotions, etc. about a certain event or object, so as to conduct a multi-faceted analysis of his or her psychological state and behavioral characteristics. A distinctive feature of the interview method is interactivity. The interview method means that the interviewer and the interviewee have a "conversation" about a certain issue. In this process of "conversation", both parties are living people with thoughts and emotions, so the words and deeds of both parties will have an impact on the other party. This requires that the interview should be conducted in a harmonious interview atmosphere. If the atmosphere of the interview is relatively tense, the effect of the interview can be imagined. For the smooth conduct of the research and the authenticity of the research results, it is very necessary for the interviewer to use some interviewing techniques in this process.
Conversation in the interview method is a purposeful and planned activity, not aimless chatting. During the interview process, the interviewer should serve as the leader of the interview, starting with general "household" questions and cutting into the topic in a timely manner to collect research data. The data collected using the interview method is relatively comprehensive. In addition to verbal information, behavioral information can also be collected, such as eyes, gestures, sitting postures, etc.
2. Types of interview methods and issues to pay attention to
Interview methods can be divided into different types according to different classification standards. This article mainly discusses the types divided according to the rigor of the structure in interviews: structured interviews, unstructured interviews, and semi-structured interviews.
In addition, the interview method can also collect certain data for existing hypotheses or inferences, which is more conducive to experimental research.
Second, provide a basis for psychological consultation and treatment. The interview method is commonly used in psychological consultation and treatment, and is often used in the diagnosis, consultation and treatment of psychological disorders. This article mainly introduces the application of computer interview and behavioral interview in psychological consultation and treatment.
The first is computer interview. Computer interviewing is a process in which the visitor has a conversation with the computer and then makes a psychological diagnosis. It is implemented automatically through a series of questions and instructions stored in the computer. The computer asks a question for the visitor to answer, and then the computer determines the next question based on the visitor's answer. The advantages of computer interviewing are efficiency, flexibility and reliability. Computer-based interviews save significantly time, allow for a large number of topics, and are even more flexible than the questions asked in manual interviews. For sensitive issues such as suicide and sexual issues, the information obtained through computer interviews is more realistic. That is, people are more willing to speak out about their sensitivities through computer interviews. Computer-based interviews also have some shortcomings: first, their application to mentally retarded children and adults is limited; second, they are not flexible enough to search for problems and symptoms in a wide range of mental patients; third, the processing of speech must be structured, and There are difficulties in processing information without structure.
The second is behavioral interview. The behavioral interview is a type of clinical interview that emphasizes gathering information to develop a plan for behavior modification. This requires an objective description of the interviewee's problem behavior, previous conditions, and the results of reinforcement. [5] Then understand behavior by analyzing its experience, including social learning history and current environment and the consequences of behavior. Finally, a behavior modification plan is developed to change the individual's inappropriate behavior into more appropriate behavior.
In short, the application of the interview method in psychological research includes both qualitative and quantitative research, and most of the data collected through the interview method can be quantified, thus facilitating statistical analysis.
References:
[1] Cui Lixia, Zheng Richang. Review and reflection on my country’s psychological research methods in the past 20 years [J]. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 2001, 33(6).
[2] Qin Jinliang, Guo Xiuyan. On the integration trend of two research paradigms in psychology [J]. Psychological Science, 2003, 26(1).
[3] Dong Qi. Psychological and Educational Research Methods (Revised Edition) [M]. Beijing: Beijing Normal University Press, 2004.
[4] Dai Binrong. Combination of quantitative and qualitative? The development trend of psychological research methods [J] .Journal of Yancheng Normal University (Humanities and Social Sciences Edition), 2005, 2, 25(1).
[5]Lewis R.Aiken, Gary Groth-Marnat.Psychological testing and assessment.12th ed, 2006 .
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