Zhuge Liang is an outstanding political and diplomatic genius, but he is not necessarily a resourceful strategist, let alone a "invincible" strategist. Many people don't understand the difference between The Romance of the Three Kingdoms and history-The Romance of the Three Kingdoms is a novel, and many things are fictional, so it can't be treated as history and absorbed indiscriminately.
Zhuge Liang himself did not have the conditions to command the three armies to seize the world. He is an outstanding politician, but not necessarily an outstanding strategist. At this point, it was originally conclusive. Chen Shou made it very clear-Zhuge Liang's characteristic is "to govern the army and keep a low profile;" Managers' work is better than strategy. " In other words, Zhuge Liang's political talent is worrying about his military talent. Among military talents, running the army is better than using troops. Therefore, let him govern the country, absolutely first-class; Let him run the army, no problem. But it is not his strong point to say that he is clever in planning and surprise attack.
This was originally a realistic evaluation, but later generations became controversial. The basis of opposition is mainly based on reflection? According to Zhuge Liang Biography, Sima Yi once praised that "there are geniuses in the world" when he visited Zhuge Liang's military camp. In fact, Sima Yi admired Zhuge Liang's ability to run the army. There is another evaluation of his use of troops. This evaluation is recorded in the Book of Jin? In the "Xuandi Ji", the original text is "be clear-minded but inorganic, plan more but decide less, and be a good soldier without power." Zhuge Liang, an ambitious man, is ignorant of small machines, plans a lot but lacks decision-making, likes to use troops but doesn't know how to change the situation. This is like saying that he is ambitious but not talented, and he is not cut out for war. Therefore, Sima Yi said that although Zhuge Liang was outnumbered and menacing, it was just around the corner (although he had already fallen into my painting and would be broken). As many historians have said, there is no need to go into details here.
2. Zhuge Liang is not a Taoist, nor does he understand five lines of gossip, nor is he a witch. The so-called "mastery of Taoism" and "long hair borrowing from the east wind" are actually slanders to the image of Zhuge Wuhou, and smart people should distinguish clearly.
It's ridiculous to borrow Dongfeng. Zhuge Liang's "bathing and fasting, wearing a robe and offering his feet" and going to the altar to worship the wind is simply a trick, which is completely slander Zhuge Liang! Therefore, Mr. Lu Xun said that The Romance of the Three Kingdoms "looks like Zhuge Rui is close to the demon". The "demon" mentioned here is not a demon, nor a demon, but a "demon", that is, a wizard or a man of God.
Zhuge Liang is certainly not a "demon". Not only not a "demon", but also a "handsome guy". Chen Shou's watch says that he is "eight feet long and looks great". Eight feet in the Han dynasty is equivalent to five feet and five inches now, which is one meter and eighty-four. Zhuge Liang was twenty-six when he came out of the mountain. Twenty-six years old, 1.84 meters tall, "very good-looking", you can think about what image it is. At least, it can't be a face with a robe and a beard. It is probably true that the feather fan is a black silk scarf, because it was the fashion at that time and it was not Zhuge Liang's patent. The so-called "feather fan with black belt towel, forced to disappear between talking and laughing" refers to Zhou Yu, not Zhuge Liang. Even if there is such a thing as "borrowing from the east wind", it should be Zhou Yu's "borrowing from the east wind" (according to folklore, Zhou Yu borrowed from the east wind). Otherwise, how did Du Mu say that "the east wind is not in harmony, and the bronze sparrow terrace locks up Er Qiao"?
3. The image of Zhuge Liang.
Zhuge Liang, at least since the Jin Dynasty, has been the object of many people's pursuit. He is charming and full of fans. At that time, there was a Mr. Guo Chong, probably a diehard fan of Zhuge Liang. He felt that everyone's worship of Zhuge Liang was not enough, so "five things are hidden in the world" and the third thing is an empty plan. These five things were all rejected by Pei Songzhi when he made annotations to the Three Kingdoms. The evidence to refute the empty city plan is that when Zhuge Liang sent troops to Yangping, Sima Yi lived in Jingzhou and was stationed in Wanjie City, so it was impossible to appear in Yangping battlefield. Where did he get the empty city plan?
Therefore, the empty city plan is not reliable. Others, such as burning Xintian and borrowing arrows from grass boats, are also out of thin air. There is hope of fire; But the fire was set by Liu Beifang (the late Lord set an ambush and chased it as soon as it burned, but it was broken by the ambush). I haven't heard anything about Zhuge Liang. There is also the burning of Chibi, but it was the idea and contribution of Huang Gai of Zhou Yu's department, and Zhuge Liang did nothing.
In fact, Zhuge Liang's main achievement in Battle of Red Cliffs was the alliance between Sun and Liu. His main contribution to Liu Bei Group was to establish the political strategy of uniting Wu against Cao and dividing the world into three parts and put it into practice. In fact, Zhuge Liang is an outstanding politician and diplomat, not necessarily an outstanding strategist. His military achievements are controversial, and his military talents are not as mysterious as later legends. Historian Miao Yue once pointed out in the preface of Selected Notes on the Three Kingdoms: "At that time, Zhuge Liang's southward expedition was inevitably exaggerated. For example, Meng Huo's seven escapes and seven verticals are unreasonable, and the so-called' southerners never look back' is also untrue. " Zhuge Liang is not as risky as literary works and folklore say. Guo Jia is adventurous. Zhuge Liang's characteristics, whether historians' comments or his self-comments, are "cautious" Chen Shou said that he was "managing glory for a long time, strategizing in a short time, and managing people's work is better than being a general", which should be said to be a realistic evaluation. In other words, Zhuge Liang is Xiao He, not Sean and Han Xin.
But in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Zhuge Liang joined forces with Xiao He, Sean and Han Xin, not only strategizing and winning thousands of miles, but also predicting the future. Anyone who acts according to his "trick up his sleeve" will be invincible. The generals of Liu Bei Group, such as Guan Yu, Zhang Fei and Zhao, are like marionettes in his hand, who know how to carry out and don't know how to carry out. This is of course not true, and it also makes the war a joke.