According to the different copper plating methods of steel wire, it is mainly divided into electroplating, coating, hot casting/immersion plating and electroforming.
At present, the copper-clad steel in the market basically adopts electroplating process, that is, using the working principle of electrolytic cell, the massive copper plate is "dissolved" through electroplating process, and then covered on the steel wire through current guidance. Cladding is that copper tape is wound on steel wire and the joint of cladding is welded by argon arc welding; Hot casting/immersion is to melt copper into liquid by heating, and then take the copper liquid out after the steel wire passes through and then cool and solidify; Electroforming is a special application of electroplating. The reduction and aggregation of copper in the concave die are rarely realized.
According to the data analysis, copper-clad steel originated from American company COPPERWELD, and similar American companies such as COPPERPLUS and COPPERHEAD have copper-clad steel products online. However, COPPERWELD moved to China and learned from some high-end users that COPPERWELD in the United States has been struggling to survive, so it is also a good thing to sell it to Fuji. ILJIN, an old Korean enterprise, sold the copper-clad steel project to SAMATRON, an old customer, and began to concentrate on making optical cable products, while ILKWANG was still struggling with high tensile strength. Brazil's copper and steel can't meet the local demand. With the transfer of pollution industries in developed countries to China, a large number of copper clad laminate manufacturers have emerged in Deqing, Zhejiang and Zhangjiagang, Jiangsu. Combined with cladding technology, the production base of copper clad steel is concentrated in the Yangtze River Delta region of China.
According to the data, Xiangtan Cable Factory was the only factory in China Machinery Department to produce copper-clad steel wire at that time, with a production capacity of 500 tons. At the beginning of 1992, Harbin cable factory successfully developed copper-clad steel wire products by using the technology and equipment for producing oxygen-free copper rods by hot dip plating, and plans to develop and produce copper-clad steel trolley wire in the future. In the former Ministry of Electronics, there are mainly three radio material factories that produce tinned copper-clad steel wires by electroplating. During the "Seventh Five-Year Plan" period, Shantou Electric Wire Factory imported the production technology and main equipment from West Germany, with an annual output of 300 tons of tinned copper-clad steel wire. During the Seventh Five-Year Plan period, Zhongyuan Radio Material Factory imported American electroplating production technology and equipment, with an annual output of tinned copper-clad steel wire 100 tons. Ma 'anshan Radio Material Factory imported foreign key equipment for electroplating production, and the annual production capacity of tinned copper-clad steel wire 150 tons. According to the information on the patent website, Jiangyin Metal Products Research Institute developed the production technology of copper-clad steel as early as 1994, which has a certain relationship with Farson's project. Zhangjiagang Friendship and Mancheng Baoshan Group were established in 1995, Zhejiang Baichuan was established in 1997, Shaoyang was established in 1998, and Zhangjiagang Jin Xin and Zhebei Communication were established.
From the technology adopted, these enterprises are different, but they all seek improvement through imitation. In rough drawing, old enterprises all adopt old technological means, and there is no efficient rough drawing equipment for online cleaning. In electroplating, many traditional processes are used, namely cyanide pre-plating and copper sulfate/sulfuric acid main plating. Some companies use nickel sulfate/sulfuric acid pre-plating, such as Changzhou Jinli, and some companies use copper fluoborate/fluoboric acid process, such as Zhangjiagang Friendship. Baichuan tried to develop cyanide-free alkaline pre-plating process to get rid of cyanide pollution and policy control problems. In terms of coating, Dalian Fuji and Copway have long been attached to each other. Dalian Tongfa is a promoter of old-fashioned cladding technology. In Changzhou, Hengtong, Intel, Hao Ming and other enterprises also use cladding method to produce copper-clad steel, but most of them turn to produce copper-clad aluminum and copper-clad aluminum-magnesium alloy wires.
According to different application purposes, copper-clad steel can be mainly divided into:
1. Center conductor of communication cable
2. Communication cable shielding braided wire
3. Pin wires of electronic components
4. Stranded grounding wire and electrified railway line
5. Other decorative lines or anticorrosive lines
According to the different diameters, copper-clad steel can be roughly divided into:
Thick line (above 1.6), large line (0.6- 1.6), middle line (0.2-0.6) and micro line (below 0.2).
According to the different strength and extension, copper-clad steel can be divided into:
Soft state a, semi-hard state m, hard state HS, superhard state e HS
According to different functions, copper-clad steel is divided into:
Deep drawing bus, finished product line, strand line
On the basis of copper-clad steel, different types of deep processing can be carried out, including tin plating, silver plating, painting, wire binding, cabling, nailing, or bright annealing weaving.