The evaluation method of intangible assets is directly related to the evaluation results. In the practice of intangible assets evaluation in China, it is often impossible to use scientific methods, which leads to great errors. It is necessary to deeply study the evaluation methods of various intangible assets, learn from foreign advanced experience and innovate in combination with the specific practice of evaluation in China. At present, the measurement methods of intangible assets mainly include market price method, income method and cost method.
1, market value method. This law determines the value of intangible assets according to market transactions and applies to patents, trademarks and copyrights. The license fee for the above intangible assets is generally calculated according to a certain proportion of income according to the agreement reached by both parties to the transaction. The main problem of this law is that it is difficult to determine the transaction price because most intangible assets have no market price and some intangible assets are unique. Secondly, intangible assets are generally traded together with other assets, and it is difficult to separate their values separately.
2. Income method. This method is based on the economic benefits of intangible assets or the present value of future cash flows to calculate the value of intangible assets. Such as goodwill, franchise, etc. The key of this method is how to determine the appropriate discount rate or capitalization rate. Another problem with this method is that it is difficult to distinguish the economic benefits of intangible assets. In addition, when a technology is still in the early stage of development, its intangible assets may not have economic benefits, so this method cannot be used for calculation.
3. Cost method. This method is to calculate the cost of replacing or rebuilding a certain type of intangible assets. It is suitable for the value calculation of replaceable intangible assets, and can also estimate the economic benefits brought by the reduction of production cost, raw material consumption or price, waste reduction and more effective use of equipment, so as to evaluate the value of this part of intangible assets. However, due to the influence of factors such as whether intangible assets can obtain or develop alternative technologies and product life cycle, it is difficult to determine the economic benefits of intangible assets, which limits the application of this method.
Intangible assets evaluation procedure
According to national laws and regulations, following the principles of scientificity, objectivity and seriousness, the intangible assets appraisal procedures are as follows:
1. Signing: Before the evaluation, the customer needs to sign an agreement with our company to reach an agreement on the scope, purpose, benchmark date, cost and delivery time of the evaluation report, formally sign the agreement and implement it under supervision.
2. Establishment of project team: according to the size and difficulty of the project to be evaluated, a project evaluation team composed of industry experts, evaluation experts and professionals in the fields of economy, law, technology, society and accounting is established to carry out project evaluation, and the project team is responsible to the experts.
Three. On-the-spot investigation: The project team went deep into the enterprise to conduct on-the-spot investigation, investigate and understand the development and changes, economic benefits, market prospects, technology life cycle, equipment technology and economic situation of the enterprise, consult various legal documents and accounting statements, and listen to the reports of leading cadres at or above the middle level.
Fourth, market survey: using modern means to conduct surveys among consumer groups in different regions and with different economic incomes. Some assessments require international market research to obtain first-hand information.
5. Designing mathematical models: adopting internationally accepted theories and methods, designing mathematical models according to the actual situation of the evaluated enterprise, scientifically determining the values of various parameters, and carrying out computer calculations for many times.
Discussion by the Expert Committee on Intransitive Verbs: The Expert Advisory Committee should demonstrate the evaluation results. The expert advisory committee must be attended by more than two-thirds of the staff and industry experts, and more than half of the experts will vote by secret ballot before the evaluation results can be passed.
7. Inform the customer of the evaluation result: Inform the customer of the evaluation result, and the customer will pay the evaluation fee.
8. Print the evaluation report and deliver it to the customer.
Necessity of intangible assets evaluation
As far as the current environment of China enterprises is concerned, the evaluation of intangible assets has the following three levels of significance:
(A) the needs of asset management
1, find out the family property and improve the enterprise asset management. The evaluation of intangible assets for the purpose of financial reporting has become an important link in enterprise asset management. The evaluation, management and application of tangible assets have formed a more scientific and effective system for many years, and their assets have been fully revealed in relevant financial reports. As a manager of an enterprise, it is not clear what intangible assets the enterprise has and what their value is, which forms a blind spot of asset management. Only by fully revealing the true value of these assets can we know fairly well, and then change passive management into active management and standardize it to ensure the integrity of enterprise assets.
2 to provide management information and decision-making basis for operators. The essence of intangible assets value is the cultivation and development of intangible assets, the innovation and profitability of enterprises, the utilization rate, utilization efficiency and effect of enterprise resources, the potential of sustainable development of enterprises, and the management level of enterprises. The process of evaluation is the process of asset inventory. The key point is to find out the problems and shortcomings of enterprises in asset management, business process, capital structure, enterprise efficiency and profitability, and strive to solve or provide constructive opinions and suggestions for enterprises, which is conducive to operators making wise decisions on intangible assets investment, rationally allocating resources and reducing investment waste.
(B) the needs of brand building
3. Encourage and educate employees to enhance enterprise cohesion. In the era of brand marketing, enterprises should not only convey the health status and development trend of the brand to people outside the company, but more importantly, convey the brand information to employees at all levels within the company to cultivate employees' loyalty to the company, so as to achieve the purpose of rallying people's hearts.
4. The value dissemination of intangible assets is an effective means to expand and improve the influence of enterprises and show their development strength. With the increasing attention paid to corporate image, the promotion of brand-name trademarks has become an important way for enterprises to go international. Therefore, the evaluation and publicity of trademarks, brands and other assets is an important means to strengthen corporate image and show development strength.
5. The valuation of intangible assets is conducive to the expansion of sales channels and franchise system. In the process of developing franchisees, knowing the value of intangible assets can help franchisees introduce their own brands, let potential franchisees have a more accurate judgment basis for their own enterprises, and also let potential franchisees see their development potential and enhance their confidence in joining. Therefore, it is particularly important to evaluate the intangible assets of franchisees.
6. Provide value basis for intangible assets infringement compensation. In the administrative protection of intellectual property rights, especially in infringement litigation, the evaluation of trademark rights and patent rights is conducive to quantifying the losses caused by infringement and determining the amount of compensation, providing a basis for the obligee to claim for counterfeiting and safeguarding rights, and is conducive to safeguarding the legitimate rights and interests of enterprises.
7. This will greatly promote the development of famous trademarks in Guangdong and famous brands in China, and strengthen the legal protection of intellectual property rights.
(C) the needs of capital operation
8. Use intangible assets to increase capital and expand shares, invest abroad, and become a shareholder at a fixed price to achieve low-cost expansion. In order to ensure the rationality of investment behavior, enterprises must have a correct evaluation of the present value of enterprise assets. It is very common for enterprises to invest in intangible assets such as technology and trademark rights in various economic activities such as restructuring, joint venture, cooperation, joint venture, merger, reorganization and listing. For investors, investing in intangible assets can reduce cash expenditure and obtain greater investment income with less cash investment; It can expand the scale of production and operation of goods or services using registered trademarks, further enhance the value of trademarks and enhance the market competitiveness of enterprise products or services. The evaluation result is not only an important basis for investors to negotiate with the investee, but also an objective standard for the investee to determine the recorded value of its intangible assets.
9, the needs of asset transactions. In the case of transfer, auction and license, the value of intangible assets should be evaluated to provide objective and fair value basis for both parties to the transaction.