Piano (Piano) is a genius invention of Italian BartolomeoChristofori in the18th century. It is a milestone in the history of piano development, recognized by German piano producers, and has become the cornerstone of the development of hammer piano manufacturing.
These manufacturers include Silbermann from gottfried, Friederici from Guerra, Zumpe and Stein. Because Christopher's piano manufacturer did not apply for a patent, and the description of the invention was disclosed together with the attached drawings.
Christopher lost the opportunity to become a big enterprise because of the patent, so the gradual development of piano manufacturing industry in stages laid the foundation for the piano industry to blossom and contend in the 19 century. Piano producers have opened a broad road for the future of their next generation.
1700
Bartolomeo Christofi (* 1655) innovated the piano in uffizi's studio in Florence, and changed the sound intensity by tapping the keyboard.
To this end, he struck the strings with a mallet wrapped in leather through a string striking machine. The newly-built piano was originally named "Gravecembalocolpianoeforte" (meaning: harpsichord with varying sound intensity), and was later abbreviated as "Pianoforte" (meaning: strength).
At that time, Christopher's stringed instruments were amazingly perfect. With the help of Prince Ferdinando and medici family, Christopher set up a piano factory "ChristoforiPianoStudio" in Florence.
17 17
17 17 or so, ChristophGottliebSchr? Ter)(* 1699) invented a new piano and showed it to the public at home in Dresden. The hammer percussion machine on this piano is simpler than BartolomeoChristofori's piano.
1725
GottfriedSilbermann lived in Freiberg and was the most famous organ manufacturer in18th century. He made the first hammer piano in Germany.
Mr. Bach, an organ master, pointed out the defects of the high-pitched part and the difficulty of playing the way. Silbermann continued to work, seeking a breakthrough, and finally felt the approval of Mr Bach. Since then, the focus of piano manufacturing has shifted to Germany.
1742, JohannSocher built the oldest known square piano in Sonthofen, Germany, with the same size as the popular wing piano at that time. ?
Ten years later, ChristianErnstFriederici started mass production of square pianos in Gera (Germany), and he named it "fortbien". 1745, Friedrich made an upright grand piano and named it "Pyramid".
Karl philip Emanuel Bach (* 17 14) published "On the Playing Methods of Keyboard Instruments" in 1753. Although he still preferred the wing piano, he also praised the "new piano".
Therefore, karl philip Emmanuel Bach became the founder of piano music. Since then, famous musicians such as Mozart, Haydn and Beethoven have emerged in this music scene.
1770
Piano producer JohannAndreasStein (augsburg) developed a new percussion instrument around 1770, and put the hammer on the key lever.
This simple structure, also known as "Vienna-style percussion piano", plays an important role in Vienna classical music. The method of making piano with this percussion machine continued until the19th century.
1782
Musician JohannAndreasStreicher (Stuttgart, Germany) accompanied his friend and poet FriedrichSchiller from Stuttgart into exile in Mannheim. Streicher first taught piano lessons in Mannheim, Germany and Munich, Germany.
1794, he married NannetteStein, the daughter of pianist and piano maker JohannAndreasStein (augsburg).
Together with her, she runs the piano factory "NannetteStreicher, neéStein" in Vienna, which is named "Johann Baptist Streicher &; Sun.
Extended data:
From the development history of keyboard instruments, modern piano evolved from the harpsichord and harpsichord, the predecessors of piano. From the end of16th century, harpsichord and clavichord gradually became popular, and were not replaced by piano until the end of18th century.
Basic structure
First, the pedal
1, soft pedal
Pedal refers to the pedal under the piano. It is the most important accessory in the piano except the keyboard. 17 1 1 was invented by Italian musical instrument manufacturer BartolommeoCristofori when he was reforming the piano. It is mainly divided into three parts. The sustain pedal is the most commonly used one. )
2.DamperPedal: the right pedal, also called the damper pedal, is also called the * * * pedal. It was invented by Englishman John Broadwood in 1783. It is usually the right pedal under the piano, and it is also called "amplifier" in some books. When the damper pedal is pressed, the damper, which is usually pressed on the string, will immediately rise.
Let all the strings vibrate constantly. After the pedal is released, all the vibrators are pressed against the strings to stop pronunciation. Because pressing the brake pedal will amplify the sound of the piano to a certain extent, it is also called LoudPedal.
3. Soft pedal: left pedal, also known as weak pedal. In the platform piano, when you step on the soft pedal, the hammer will move to the side immediately, reducing the volume and making the sound very pure and soft.
On the upright piano, when stepping on the soft pedal, the hammer moves closer to the strings to reduce the impulse, the length and intensity of the blow and the volume. Its function is not only to help players play weaker, but also to increase the softness of the sound and remove any percussion components from the sound quality. The left pedal is often compared to "the silence of the gyrator".
SostenutoPedal: middle pedal and SostenutoPedal. Pedals with special properties. Grand piano's middle pedal is used as a "special Legato pedal". The usage is to play and hold down the key first, and then hold down the "special sustain pedal". The key just played will continue to sustain, and other keys will not be affected.
When the middle pedal of most modern upright piano is stepped on, a movable flannel will be sandwiched between the hammer and the strings, making the volume extremely low. Generally, it is only used when playing the piano at night or in the early morning, so as not to disturb the peace of neighbors. So it is sometimes called double weak pedal.
Second, the tuning nail
TuningPins are nail bolts that can be twisted and rotated with a special wrench. Its turntable is specially made of high carbon steel, with a lock, and the strings can be firmly wound on the pin shaft, which can maintain and stabilize the pitch for a long time under the action of high-strength tension of the strings.
Third, the hammer.
The hammer is wrapped with high-quality felt or flannel, because this layer of "skin" is mostly made of wool, so it is also called wool hammer. It is attached to the key. When the keys are pressed, the hammer will knock off the strings and make the piano sound through the vibration of the strings. Therefore, its function is to strike the strings fastened by the tuning nails.
Fourthly, sound damper.
Damper Damper is attached to the string to stop the vibration of the string. For example, if you press the keys on the piano, the hammer inside the piano will strike the copper strings and make a sound through the vibration of the strings.
Verb (short for verb) hits the machine.
The action longitudinal beam is the soul of the whole piano and the most important accessory, which is connected with the keys and hammers.
Intransitive verb soundboard
Sound board The sound board is located on a big wooden board inside the piano. Maple solid board for high-grade piano and density board for modern low-end piano. It is attached to the tuning nail and clings to the strings. When the strings vibrate, the soundboard will efficiently couple sound waves into the air, that is, the sound will be reflected and amplified through the soundboard.
Seven, the key
Keyboard The whole keyboard consists of black keys and white keys. Black keys 36, white key 52, ***88. Some pianos are different.