The wall materials produced in response to the development requirements of the modern construction industry, such as mechanization of new building wall materials, reduction of wet work on construction sites, and improvement of building functions, etc., at the current stage in our country, refer to wall materials other than clay solid bricks. All building wall materials. The output of new wall materials in our country has increased rapidly, product quality and products have been significantly improved, and the level of technical equipment has also increased rapidly. Keywords: Types of new building wall materials; characteristics and problems; exterior wall insulation technology and energy-saving materials 1 Types, properties and problems of new building wall materials "New Building Wall Materials Special Fund Collection and Use Management Measures" Lieutenant General New building wall materials are divided into 6 categories: (1) non-clay bricks, including non-clay sintered porous bricks and hollow bricks with a porosity greater than 25, concrete hollow bricks and hollow blocks, and sintered shale bricks; (2) building blocks , including ordinary concrete small hollow blocks, lightweight aggregate concrete small hollow blocks, autoclaved aerated concrete blocks and gypsum blocks; (3) Building panels, including glass fiber reinforced cement lightweight porous partition boards, fiber Reinforced low-alkalinity cement building slabs, autoclaved aerated concrete panels, lightweight aggregate concrete slabs, steel wire mesh cement sandwich panels. Gypsum wallboards, metal-faced central core boards, composite lightweight sandwich partition boards and strips; (4) Wall material products whose raw materials are mixed with no less than 30% of industrial waste, crop straw, garbage, and river silt; (5) Prefabricated and cast-in-place concrete walls; (6) Steel structures and glass curtain walls. At present, my country's new building materials mainly have the following problems: new wall materials should have high technological content and are often more expensive than the general materials currently used, which restricts market promotion; the construction process, technology, and testing methods of the materials There are currently no regulatory restrictions. The quality of some products is unstable; individual interests have affected the development, application and promotion of new end body materials, etc. 2 Introduction and Application of Exterior Wall Insulation Technology and Energy-Saving Materials In buildings, the heat loss of the outer envelope structure is relatively large, and the walls account for a large share of the outer envelope structure. Therefore, the reform of building walls and the development of wall energy-saving technology are the most important aspects of building energy-saving technology. The development of exterior wall insulation technology and energy-saving materials is the main way to achieve building energy-saving. The internal insulation construction of the exterior wall is to add an insulation layer inside the exterior wall structure. The construction speed of internal insulation is fast, the operation is convenient and flexible, and the construction progress can be guaranteed. The application time of internal insulation is longer. The technology is mature, and the construction technology and inspection standards are relatively complete. In 2001, more than 90 projects applied internal insulation technology in exterior wall insulation construction. The internal insulation technologies that have been widely promoted include: reinforced gypsum composite polystyrene insulation board, polymer mortar composite polystyrene insulation board, reinforced cement composite polystyrene insulation board, interior wall polystyrene board plastering with gypsum and polystyrene particle insulation. The method of pressing the slurry and anti-crack mortar into the mesh cloth. However, internal insulation will occupy more usable area, and the "thermal bridge" problem is not easy to solve and can easily cause cracking. It will also affect the construction speed and affect the secondary decoration of residents. In addition, hanging and fixed objects on the interior wall can also easily damage the internal insulation structure. The technical irrationality of internal insulation determines that it must be replaced by external insulation. External insulation technology and its characteristics: External insulation is a building insulation and energy-saving technology that is currently being vigorously promoted. Compared with internal insulation, external insulation has reasonable technology and obvious advantages. Using insulation materials of the same specification, size and performance, external insulation has a better effect than internal insulation. External insulation technology is not only suitable for new structural projects, but also for the renovation of old buildings. It is suitable for a wide range of applications and has high technical content. The external insulation package is placed on the outside of the main structure, which can protect the main structure and extend the life of the building; effectively reducing The thermal bridge of the building structure increases the effective space of the building; at the same time, it eliminates condensation and improves living comfort. At present, the relatively mature exterior wall insulation technologies mainly include the following. (1) External external insulation. External insulation materials include rock (mineral) wool, glass wool felt, polystyrene foam board (referred to as polystyrene board, EPS, XPS), ceramsite concrete composite polystyrene imitation stone decorative insulation board, steel wire mesh sandwich wall panel wait. Among them, polystyrene board has excellent physical properties and low cost.
It has been widely used in exterior wall insulation and plug-in technology around the world. This external hanging technology uses bonding mortar or special fixings to stick and hang the insulation material on the exterior wall. Then apply anti-crack mortar and press the fiberglass mesh cloth to form a protective layer. Finally, add the decorative surface. Another method is to use special fixings to fix various insulation boards that are not easy to absorb water on the exterior wall, and then hang aluminum plates, natural stones, colored glass, etc. on the pre-made keels to directly form the decorative surface. The external insulation of the Bank of China head office building designed by Mr. Ieoh Ming Pei adopts this design. This kind of external external insulation is time-consuming to install and difficult to construct. And the construction occupies the main construction period, and construction can only be carried out after the owner has completed the inspection and acceptance. When carrying out high-rise construction, the safety of construction workers is not easy to be guaranteed. (2) The polystyrene board and the wall are molded in one go. This technology is to build the polystyrene board into the building formwork in a concrete frame-shear system, and then pour concrete on the outside of the wall to be poured. The concrete and polystyrene board are poured into a composite wall at one time. This technology solves the main problems of external external insulation, and its advantages are obvious. Because the main body of the exterior wall and the insulation layer survive at once. The work efficiency is improved, the construction period is greatly shortened, and the safety of construction workers is guaranteed. And during construction in winter. The polystyrene board plays the role of thermal insulation and can reduce the number of peripheral insulation measures. However, when pouring concrete, attention should be paid to even and continuous pouring, otherwise due to the influence of the lateral pressure of the concrete, the polystyrene board will be deformed and stubbled after the formwork is removed, which will affect subsequent construction. The built-in polystyrene board can be made of double-sided steel mesh or single-sided steel mesh. The connection between the double-sided steel mesh polystyrene board and the concrete mainly relies on the binding of the inner steel wire mesh frame and the outer reinforcement of the wall and the bonding force between the concrete and the polystyrene board. Its bonding performance is good and it has a high degree of safety. The connection between single-sided steel mesh polystyrene board and concrete mainly relies on the bonding force between concrete and polystyrene board and the anchoring force of diagonally inserted steel bars, L-shaped steel, etc. and the concrete wall, and the bonding performance is also good. Compared with double steel mesh, single-sided steel mesh technology eliminates the need for inner steel mesh and plastering on the outside of the board before installing the insulation board, saving man-hours and materials. Its cost can be reduced by about 10%. However, both methods use steel wire mesh frames, which are more expensive. Steel is a good conductor of heat. Direct heat transfer will reduce the insulation effect of the wall. We conducted experimental research on one-time molded composite walls of concrete and grid-free polystyrene boards. The test results show that under the condition that the amount of cement slurry in the concrete is appropriate, it is entirely possible to directly use concrete as an adhesive to adhere polystyrene boards. When we process the back of the polystyrene board, its bonding strength with concrete is further improved (the average bonding strength can reach 0.07Mpa, and the damage occurs within the polystyrene board). This technology eliminates the need for steel mesh frames, improves its thermal insulation properties, and again reduces the cost of the panels. After demonstrating its long-term durability. It can be promoted and used in projects. (3) Polystyrene particle insulation slurry exterior wall insulation. Process and crush waste polystyrene plastic (referred to as EPS) into particles of 0.5 to 4 mm, which are used as lightweight aggregates to prepare thermal insulation mortar. This technology includes an insulation layer, an anti-crack protective layer and an anti-seepage protective surface layer (or a two-in-one anti-seepage and anti-crack mortar layer for the surface layer). Among them, ZL rubber powder polystyrene particle insulation materials and technology were listed as national construction methods by the Ministry of Construction in 1998. This construction method is currently a widely recognized exterior wall insulation technology. The construction technology is simple. It can reduce labor intensity and improve work efficiency; it is not affected by differences in structural quality. When constructing defective walls, the wall does not need to be repaired or leveled. It can be patched directly with insulation slurry, which avoids the leveling problems caused by other insulation construction techniques. Plaster is too thick and falls off. At the same time, this technology solves the problems of easy debonding and hollowing of the interface layer and easy cracking of the surface layer due to poor use conditions in exterior wall insulation projects, thus achieving an important breakthrough in exterior wall insulation technology. Compared with other external insulation, its cost is lower when the same insulation effect is achieved, which can reduce the cost of building construction. For example, compared with polystyrene board external insulation, it can be reduced by about 25 yuan per square meter. This technology is used in the high-rise exterior wall insulation project of Yunlang New House in Tianjin.
In addition, in the energy-saving insulation wall technology, the wall is made into a mezzanine, and perlite, wood chips, mineral wool, glass wool, polystyrene foam, polyurethane foam (can also be foamed on site), etc. are filled into the mezzanine , forming an insulation layer. 3 Conclusion Using various new building wall materials to build houses depends on whether the cost of the final product, commercial housing, can be accepted by the market. The cost of houses built with new building wall materials can be fully accepted by the market. The problem is that in some places, the construction system is not carefully studied, or the wrong cost comparison method is used. The comprehensive benefits must be carefully considered. Preferential policies for energy-saving buildings require a comprehensive economic analysis. Careful selection of building systems and realistic publicity will change the past concept that new building material houses are more expensive than brick-concrete buildings, so that new building material houses can be promoted in more places. Starting from long-term interests and social interests, we will gradually create a good atmosphere in which non-new building wall materials are not designed or used, and non-energy-saving buildings are not approved, sold, or lived in. The development and application of new building wall materials require long-term and lasting attention from society, and not any new building wall materials are suitable for development in any region at any time. Therefore, the varieties for recent and future development should be determined according to the specific conditions of each city or county. and output to meet different regions respectively. Requirements for various types of building wall projects.
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