Abstract: As the number of automobiles in my country continues to grow, automobile emission pollution and energy problems will become increasingly severe. Now our country is promoting low-carbon life and sustainable development in response to national policies. We must look for a car that has zero or low pollution to the environment, and currently the most ideal and feasible one is a pure electric car. As a transitional product between internal combustion engines and pure electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles are not a new product, and are currently produced by many car companies. In the past two years, my country's car companies have been very enthusiastic about pure electric vehicles, but unfortunately they have only been a success. Most of them are only in the concept car stage. There is still a tortuous and arduous road ahead to launch pure electric vehicles.
Keywords: Internal combustion engine: Hybrid power: Electric vehicle: Car: Keyword Internal combustion engine People of our generation are not very unfamiliar with cars. Especially in recent years, the Chinese auto market has experienced a blowout. According to conservative estimates, the number of motor vehicles in China now exceeds 200 million. And it is still on an upward trend. Last year's production and sales reached 13.6 million vehicles, surpassing the United States for the first time and ranking first in the world. Production and sales from January to September this year It has reached the level of last year. It is conservatively estimated that the production and sales this year will reach 17 million vehicles. And it will remain at the top of the list in the next few years, with production and sales continuing to grow. In this data, how many are electric vehicles? What about? Statistics show that it is very, very small and can almost be ignored. The production and sales of automobiles continue to grow, which will also cause a series of problems. The development of internal combustion engine technology to this day can be said to be very sophisticated. Thinking of it again It is very difficult to improve further. We all know that whether it is a gasoline engine or a diesel engine, it will emit some gases that are harmful to the atmosphere, such as: CO, HC, Nox, etc. Although emission standards are constantly improving, pollution still exists. This It will be a bit incompatible with the low-carbon life we ??advocate, so we must find other alternatives. For now, there are new fuel engines, such as: alcohol fuel hydrogen fuel petroleum gas fuel natural gas fuel solar fuel hybrid vehicles electric vehicles Wait. Among these new energy vehicles, pure electric vehicles will be our development trend. Because for others, either the technology is too difficult to solve, or the economical use and fuel source are difficult, etc. The advantage of electric vehicles is zero emissions and zero pollution. Convenient fuel sources, good power, etc. However, as far as the current situation is concerned, the shortcomings of electric vehicles are also obvious. At present, electric vehicles are not as technologically complete as internal combustion engine vehicles, especially the power source (battery) has a short life and high usage costs. The battery's energy storage is small, the mileage after a single charge is not ideal, and the price of electric vehicles is relatively expensive. But from a development perspective, with the advancement of science and technology and the investment of corresponding manpower and material resources, the problems of electric vehicles will gradually be solved. By leveraging strengths and avoiding weaknesses, electric vehicles will gradually become more popular, and their prices and usage costs will inevitably decrease. The current transitional product between internal combustion engines and pure electric vehicles is HEV hybrid vehicles. There are currently three main types of hybrid vehicles. One is based on the principle of series hybrid electric vehicles with the engine as the main power and the electric motor as the auxiliary. The other is the "series and parallel mode" in which the electric motor drives the vehicle only at low speeds, and the engine and electric motor drive together when the speed increases. There is also the "series mode" of electric vehicles that only use electric motors to drive. The engine is only used as a power source. The car is driven only by electric motors. The drive system is only an electric motor, but because it also needs to install a fuel engine, it is also a hybrid. A type of automobile.
The main hybrid cars in the car market now include PRIUS Civic Camry LS600H S400 SMART F3DM, etc. Since our country promotes low-carbon life, national policies strongly support the development of pure electric vehicles. At present, almost all car companies have responded positively The country's call, such as: BYD's E6, Chery S18, Zotye 2008EV, Changan Benben MINI, Nissan's LEAF, GM's VOLT, etc. Although there are many models launched, they are only with big thunder and small rain. The technology is not big, and the sales volume is also small. Very few. Electric cars are not a unique product of modern times. As early as 1873 in the second half of the 19th century, the Englishman Robert Davidsson produced the world's first practical electric car. This was more than 10 years before Germans Gottlieb Daimler and Karl Benz invented the gasoline engine car. The electric vehicle invented by Davidson is a truck, 4800mm long and 1800mm wide, using a primary battery that reacts with iron, zinc, amalgam and sulfuric acid. Later, starting in 1880, secondary batteries that could be charged and discharged were applied. The development from primary electronic battery to secondary battery was a major technological change for electric vehicles at that time, and the demand for electric vehicles increased greatly. Becoming an important product for transportation in the second half of the 19th century, the demand for electric cars has greatly increased. In the second half of the 19th century, electric vehicles became an important product for transportation and wrote a glorious page in the history of human transportation. In 1890, electric buses were driving on the streets of France and London, England. At that time, the internal combustion engine technology for electric vehicles was still quite backward, with short mileage, many faults, and difficult maintenance. However, electric vehicles were easy to maintain. Batteries were the first step in the development of electric vehicles. The first key is that automotive power batteries are difficult to meet the three requirements of "low cost requirements", "high capacity requirements" and "high safety requirements". To apply electric vehicles on a larger scale, we must rely on advanced batteries. After more than 10 years of screening, nickel-hydrogen batteries, iron batteries, lithium-ion and lithium-polymer batteries are now generally promising. Nickel hydride batteries can store twice as much energy per unit weight as lead-acid batteries, and other properties are also better than lead-acid batteries. However, the current price is 4-5 times that of lead-acid batteries, and efforts are being made to bring it down. Iron batteries use iron materials that are abundant in resources and low in price. The cost has been greatly reduced, and some manufacturers have also adopted them. Lithium is the lightest metal with very active chemical properties. The storage energy of lithium-ion batteries per unit weight is 3 times that of lead-acid batteries and 4 times that of lithium polymer batteries. Moreover, lithium resources are abundant and the price is not very expensive. It is very Batteries of hope. my country has achieved rapid development in the industrial development of nickel-metal hydride batteries and lithium-ion batteries. Other related technologies for electric vehicles have made great progress in recent years, such as: AC induction motors and their control, rare earth permanent magnet brushless motors and their control, battery and vehicle energy management systems, smart and fast charging technology, and low-resistance tires , lightweight and low wind resistance body, braking energy recovery, etc. These technological advances have made electric vehicles increasingly perfect and practical. Air pollution in my country's big cities can no longer be ignored. Vehicle emissions are one of the main sources of pollution. 16 cities in my country have been listed among the 20 cities with the most serious air pollution in the world. The current per capita number of cars in my country is 10 cars per 1,000 people, but the oil resources are insufficient. Tens of millions of tons of oil are imported every year. With the development of the economy, if China's per capita car ownership reaches the current global level - per 1,000 people With 110 cars, my country's car holdings will increase tenfold, and oil imports will become a big problem. Therefore, the research and development of electric vehicles in our country is not a temporary short-term measure, but a significant and long-term strategic consideration. The following are some experts’ views on the development of electric vehicles in my country: It will take some time for lithium batteries to be used on a large scale in electric vehicles. Deng Lunhao, deputy chief engineer of lithium battery industry technology of Henan Huanyu Group, currently compares domestic lithium battery research work with foreign countries. The gap is mainly reflected in On the battery control system and power management system. Deng Lunhao told reporters that domestic research on lithium batteries is now in a state of respective development.
At present, some companies are already able to provide corresponding lithium battery supporting products for electric vehicles. The supporting lithium batteries can generally run about 200 to 500 kilometers. Deng Lunhao told reporters that the price of domestic lithium batteries is now too high, and the problem of power management system has not been well solved. Electric vehicles also face charging problems. At present, the general wiring at home cannot charge the lithium battery of an electric vehicle. It must be equipped with a small dedicated charger, and the charging time is very long and very troublesome. In foreign countries, in order to solve this problem, charging stations and gas stations are generally placed together. At present, domestic charging stations have not been established on a large scale. There are three major problems in domestic lithium battery research. Chen Quanshi, director of the Electric Vehicle Branch of the China Society of Automotive Engineers, told reporters that there are currently three major problems in domestic lithium battery research. The first is the issue of manufacturing consistency. Due to gaps in the manufacturing process and equipment of lithium batteries, the production process of domestic lithium batteries is uneven, and the manufacturing standards are not consistent. Lithium batteries used in electric vehicles are all connected in series or parallel. If the consistency problem is not solved well, the lithium batteries produced will not be widely used in electric vehicles. Secondly, there is the issue of intellectual property rights. At present, domestic research on lithium iron phosphate batteries has made breakthroughs. However, because the United States has patents in this area, although we can independently develop some aspects, we still don’t know how to deal with intellectual property issues. The third issue is the selection of raw materials. It is impossible to import all the raw materials used in the production of lithium batteries now. They are mainly obtained from domestic sources. However, domestic raw materials must pass international certification before the lithium batteries produced can be internationally recognized. Therefore, there are still some problems in the raw material certification process. Vigorous development of electric vehicles will increase the tension between energy supply and demand. Yang Jingui, deputy director of the Economic Cooperation Department of the China Society for International Economic Cooperation. Currently, 80% of China's carbon dioxide emissions come from coal burning, and more than 50% of coal consumption is used for thermal power generation. At the same time, thermal power generation capacity Accounting for more than 70% of total power generation. In addition, the current average efficiency of coal power generation in my country is only 35%. Under such circumstances, the development of electric vehicles is tantamount to increasing power consumption, which also means increasing carbon emissions. With the acceleration of my country's urbanization and industrialization, power resources will become even more tense. In China, where wind energy and nuclear power generation are still in the development stage, vigorous development of electric vehicles will inevitably increase the tension between energy supply and demand, which will be detrimental to the development of low-carbon industries. For the government, while sparing no effort to support the development of electric vehicles and support related companies in developing new products, it is also necessary to solve the source problem. Taking electric vehicles as an example, it is not advisable to replace oil with coal. The prerequisite for electric vehicles to become a pioneer in the low-carbon economic era is to solve the problem of power resources. Otherwise, the prospects will not be optimistic. From the opinions of the above experts, it can be seen that the development of electric vehicles in our country is very difficult and tortuous. But this does not mean that it is impossible, it is just a matter of time. As long as we solve those technical problems, electric vehicles will benefit our people and even all mankind. Therefore, the development of pure electric vehicles is unstoppable.