Africa (53 countries/6 regions)
North Africa: Egypt, Libya, Sudan, Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco, Azores (Portugal), Madeira Islands (Portugal) (8)
East Africa: Ethiopia, Eritrea, Somalia, Djibouti, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Seychelles (10)
Central Africa: Chad , Central Africa, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (ie: Congo (Brazzaville)), the Democratic Republic of the Congo (ie: Congo (Kinshasa)), Sao Tome and Principe (8)
West Africa: Mauritania, Western Sahara (note: not independent, please see:), Senegal, Gambia, Mali, Burkina Faso, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Cape Verde, Sierra Leone, Liberia, C?te d'Ivoire, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Niger, Canary Islands (West) (18)
South Africa: Zambia, Angola, Zimbabwe, Malawi, Mozambique, Botswana, Namibia , South Africa, Swaziland, Lesotho, Madagascar, Comoros, Mauritius, Reunion (France), Saint Helena (UK) (15)
Sudan, the largest country in Africa, has a land area of There are 2.37 million square kilometers.
Malawi, the smallest country in Africa, has a total area of ??less than 200,000 square kilometers.
For an introduction to African countries, please see the link~
Overview of Ghana
The name of the country is Ghana*** and the Republic of Ghana
Area 238,537 square kilometers
Population 22 million (estimated in 2005), population growth rate 1.36. There are four main ethnic groups in the country: Akan (52.4), Mosi-Dagomba (15.8), Ewe (11.9) and Ga-Adangbe (7.8). The official language is English. There are also ethnic languages ??such as Ewe, Fanti and Hausa. 69% of the residents believe in Christianity, 15.6% believe in Islam, and 8.5% believe in traditional religions.
The capital, Accra, has a population of approximately 2 million (estimated in 2005). The highest temperature is 23-31℃ (March and April), and the lowest temperature is 22-27℃ (August).
The head of state, President John Agyekum KUFUOR, was elected in December 2000 and re-elected in December 2004.
Important holidays: March 6: Independence Day; July 1: Japan and China Day.
Briefly It is located in western Africa, on the north coast of the Gulf of Guinea, bordering C?te d'Ivoire to the west, Burkina Faso to the north, Togo to the east, and the Atlantic Ocean to the south, with a coastline of about 562 kilometers. The coastal plain and the southwestern Ashanti Plateau have a tropical rainforest climate, while the Volta Valley and northern plateau areas have a savanna climate. The rainy season is from April to September, and the dry season is from November to April of the following year. Rainfall varies greatly from place to place. The average annual rainfall in the southwest is 2180 mm, while in the north it is 1000 mm.
The ancient Kingdom of Ghana was founded in the 3rd to 4th centuries AD, and its territory reached its peak in the 10th to 11th centuries in today's Mali and Burkina Faso. Since 1471, Portuguese, Dutch, French and British colonists have successively invaded the coastal areas of Ghana, plundering gold and selling black slaves. This area is called the "Gold Coast". In 1897, the entire Gold Coast became a British colony. On March 6, 1957, the Gold Coast became independent and was renamed Ghana. The former British-mandated "West Togo" was merged into Ghana. The Republic of Ghana was established on July 1, 1960, still within the Commonwealth, and its first president was Nkrumah. After the overthrow of Nkrumah's government in 1966, the political situation in Canada experienced long-term turmoil, with constant military coups and frequent regime changes. After Rawlings came to power in the coup in December 1981, he pursued the policy of national reconciliation and economic revitalization, and the political situation has been relatively stable.
A multi-party system was implemented in 1992. At the end of the same year, Ronaldo was elected president, successfully realizing the transition from a military government to a democratically elected government. In December 1996, Luo was re-elected as president. A presidential election was held in December 2000, and Kufuor, leader of the New Patriotic Party, was elected president and officially took office on January 7, 2001.
Overview of Kenya
The country is called The Republic of Kenya.
It covers an area of ??582,646 square kilometers.
Population 31.9 million (2004), population growth rate 2.3%. There are 42 ethnic groups in the country, mainly Kikuyu (21%), Luhya (14), Luo (13), Kalenjin (12) and Kamba (11) etc. . In addition, there are small numbers of Indians, Pakistanis, Arabs and Europeans. Swahili is the national language and is the official language along with English. 45% of the country's population believes in Protestant Christianity, 33% believes in Catholicism, 10% believes in Islam, and the rest believes in primitive religions and Hinduism.
The capital, Nairobi, has a population of approximately 3 million (2004). The annual average temperature is 17.7℃.
The head of state, President Mwai Kibaki, took office on December 30, 2002.
Important holiday National Day: December 12.
Brief Introduction It is located in eastern Africa, with the equator running through the middle and the East African Rift Valley running from north to south. It borders Somalia to the east, Tanzania to the south, Uganda to the west, Ethiopia and Sudan to the north, and the Indian Ocean to the southeast, with a coastline of 536 kilometers. There are many plateaus in the territory, with an average altitude of 1,500 meters. The whole territory is located in the tropical monsoon zone, with hot and humid coastal areas and mild plateau climate. The highest temperature throughout the year is 22-26°C and the lowest is 10-14°C.
Kenya is one of the birthplaces of mankind, and human skull fossils about 2.5 million years ago have been unearthed in Kenya. In the 7th century AD, some commercial cities had formed along the southeastern coast, and Arabs began to do business and settle here. In the 16th century, Portuguese colonists occupied the coastal areas. In 1890, Britain and Germany carved up East Africa, and Kenya was assigned to the United Kingdom. The British government declared Kenya its "East African Protectorate" in 1895, and it was changed to a colony in 1920. In March 1960, the Kenya African National Union (KNU) and the Kenya African Democratic Union were established. In February 1962, the London Constitutional Conference decided that the above two parties would form a coalition government. Kenya held a general election in May 1963, and the Kenya Alliance won. An autonomous government was established on June 1 of the same year and independence was declared on December 12. On December 12, 1964, the Republic of Kenya was established and remained within the Commonwealth, with Jomo Kenyatta as its first president. Kenyatta died of illness in 1978, and Daniel Arap Moi succeeded as president for 24 years.
Overview of Ethiopia
Country name: The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia.
Area Area 1,103,600 square kilometers.
Population 77.4 million (Egyptian official figures in 2005). The population growth rate is 2.9. There are more than 80 ethnic groups in the country, mainly Oromo (40), Amhara (20), Tigray (8), Somali (6), Sidamo (4), etc. 45% of the residents believe in Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity, 40-45% believe in Islam, and a few people believe in Protestantism, Catholicism and primitive religions. Amharic is the federal working language and English is commonly used. The main national languages ????are Oromo, Tigray, etc.
The capital is Addis Ababa, with a population of more than 3 million (Egyptian official figures in 2004). The average annual temperature is 16°C and the average annual rainfall is 1237 mm.
Head of State, President Girma Wolde Giorgis, was elected on October 8, 2001.
The "Presidential Act" passed by the Egyptian House of People's Representatives in October 2001 stipulates that the president shall be a non-party person who shall not have any political organization background and shall not participate in political party activities after leaving office; when the president is unable to perform his duties due to death or illness, the parliament shall Appoint an Acting President.
Important holidays Victory of Adwa Day: March 2; Downfall of the Derg: May 28; Egyptian New Year : September 11 (New Year).
Brief Situation A landlocked country in northeastern Africa. It borders Djibouti and Somalia to the east, Sudan to the west, Kenya to the south, and Eritrea to the north. The plateau accounts for 2/3 of the country's area, with an average altitude of nearly 3,000 meters. It is known as the "Roof of Africa". The annual average temperature is 13℃.
It has a history of three thousand years of civilization. The Kingdom of Nubia was established in the 8th century BC. The Kingdom of Aksum was established around BC and was replaced by the Zagh Dynasty at the end of the 10th century. In the 13th century, the Kingdom of Abyssinia arose, and in the early 19th century it was divided into several principalities. In 1889, King Menelik II of Shoa proclaimed himself emperor, unified the country, and established the capital of Addis Ababa, establishing the territory of modern Ethiopia. In 1890, Italy invaded and forced Egypt to accept its "protection". In 1896, Menelik II defeated the Italian army in Adua, and Italy was forced to recognize Egypt's independence. Haile Selassie ascended the throne in 1928 and was crowned emperor on November 2, 1930. In 1936, Italy invaded again and occupied all of Egypt, and Selassie went into exile in the United Kingdom. In 1941, the Allied forces defeated Italy, and Selassie returned to the country on May 5 to restore power. On September 12, 1974, a group of young military officers overthrew the Selassie regime in a coup, deposed the monarchy, and established a Provisional Military Administrative Council. In February 1977, Lieutenant Colonel Mengistu Haile Mariam launched a coup and came to power and appointed himself head of state. In 1979, the "Ethiopian Working People's Party Organization Committee", which was mainly composed of military personnel, was established to implement a one-party system. In September 1987, the country announced the end of military rule and established the Ethiopian People's Democratic Republic. In March 1988, civil war broke out in Egypt. On May 28, 1991, the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF) overthrew the Mengistu regime and established a transitional government in July, with EPRDF Chairman Meles Zenawi as president. In December 1994, the Constituent Assembly adopted a new constitution. The first multi-party election was held in May 1995. On August 22, the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia was established, and Meles became prime minister as chairman of the majority party in the House of People's Representatives. In the two general elections in 2000 and 2005, the EPR Front won both times, and May has been Prime Minister ever since.
Overview of Guinea
The name of the country is Guinea (The Republic of Guinea, La République de Guinée)
Area of ??245,857 square kilometers
Population 9.4 million (2005). There are more than 20 ethnic groups in the country, among which the Fula ethnic group (also known as the Pall ethnic group) account for about 40% of the country's population, the Malinkai ethnic group accounts for about 30%, and the Susu ethnic group accounts for about 16%. The official language is French. Each ethnic group has its own language. The main languages ??are Susu, Malinke and Fula (also known as Pole language). About 87% of the country's residents believe in Islam, 5 believe in Catholicism, and the rest believe in fetishism.
The capital, Conakry, has a population of about 2 million, with a maximum temperature of 35℃ and a minimum temperature of 22℃.
The head of state, President Lansana Conté, came to power on April 3, 1984, and won re-election in the presidential elections in December 1993, December 1998 and December 2003.
Important holidays: Independence Day: October 2.
Brief Profile Located in western Africa, it borders Guinea-Bissau, Senegal and Mali to the north, C?te d'Ivoire to the east, Sierra Leone and Liberia to the south, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west.
The coastline is about 352 kilometers long. The coastal areas have a tropical monsoon climate, while the inland has a savanna climate. The annual average temperature is 24~32℃.
From the 9th to the 15th century, it was part of the Kingdom of Ghana and the Empire of Mali. Intruded by Portuguese colonialists in the 15th century, it was designated as a French sphere of influence by the Berlin Conference in 1885 and named French Guinea in 1893. In the late 19th century, Samory Tour established the Urasulu Kingdom and persisted in the struggle against France. At the beginning of the 20th century, Alpha Yaya led a large-scale anti-French armed uprising. On September 28, 1958, a referendum was held to oppose France's Charles de Gaulle constitution and refuse to remain within the French Communist Party. Independence was declared on October 2 of the same year and the Republic of Guinea was established. Segu Toure served as president until his death in March 1984. In April 1984, soldiers led by Colonel Lansana Conté launched a coup and announced the establishment of the Second Democratic Republic of Guinea, with Conté serving as president. In April 1992, it was converted to a multi-party system. The first multi-party democratic presidential election was held in December 1993. Conte was elected and re-elected in 1998 and 2003.
Overview of South Africa
Country name: The Republic of South Africa.
Area 1,219,090 square kilometers.
Population 46.9 million (as of June 2005, Statistics South Africa). It is divided into four major races: black, white, colored and Asian, accounting for 79.4, 9.3, 8.8 and 2.5 of the total population respectively. The black people mainly include 9 tribes: Zulu, Xhosa, Swazi, Tswana, Northern Sotho, Southern Sotho, Tsonga, Venda and Ndebele, and they mainly speak Bantu language. The white people are mainly Afrikaners of Dutch descent (about 57%) and white people of British descent (about 39%), and their languages ??are Afrikaner and English. Colored people are the mixed-race descendants of colonial whites, indigenous people and slaves, and mainly speak Afrikaans. Asians are mainly Indians (about 99%) and Chinese. There are 11 official languages, English and Afrikaans are the common languages. White people, most people of color and 60% of black people believe in Protestant Christianity or Catholicism; about 60% of Asians believe in Hinduism and 20% believe in Islam; some black people believe in primitive religions.
The capital, Pretoria, is the administrative capital with a population of about 2 million; Cape Town is the legislative capital with a population of about 2.9 million; Bloemfontein is the judicial capital. The capital, with a population of approximately 650,000 (2001 South African Census data).
Head of State, President Thabo Mbeki, took office on June 16, 1999, and was re-elected in April 2004, with a term of office until April 2009.
Major holidays New Year’s Day (January 1); Human Rights Day (March 21); Good Friday (the Friday before Easter); Easter (the first full moon after the vernal equinox each year) Friday to next Monday); Family Day (Monday after Easter); Freedom Day (April 27); Labor Day (May 1); Youth Day (June 16); Women's Day (August) 9); Heritage Day (September 24); Reconciliation Day (December 16); Christmas (December 25); Friendship Day (December 26)
Brief information Located in the African continent At its southernmost tip, it borders Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Mozambique and Swaziland to the north, and the Indian Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean to the east, south and west. The coastline is 3,000 kilometers long. Most parts of the country have a savanna climate, with the highest temperature in summer being 32-38°C and the lowest temperature in winter being -10--12°C.
The earliest indigenous inhabitants were the San, the Khoi and the Bantu who later moved south. After the 17th century, the Dutch and British invaded one after another and continued to push their colonies into the interior.
In the middle of the 19th century, white rulers established four political entities: two British colonies, namely the Cape and Natal colonies; two Boer *** peace states, namely the Transvaal South African Republic and the Orange Free State. The Anglo-Boer War of 1899-1902 ended with a difficult victory for the British. In 1910, the four regimes merged into the "Union of South Africa" ??and became an autonomous British territory. The South African authorities have long implemented racial discrimination and apartheid policies in the country through legislative and administrative means. After the Kuomintang came to power in 1948, it comprehensively implemented the apartheid system and suppressed the resistance struggle of the South African people, which was condemned and sanctioned by the international community. Withdrew from the Commonwealth on May 31, 1961 and established the Republic of South Africa. After de Klerk became the leader and president of the Kuomintang in 1989, he implemented political reforms, lifted the ban on black liberation organizations and released Mandela and others. In 1991, 19 parties including the African National Congress, the South African government, and the National Party held multi-party negotiations on the political settlement of the South African issue, and reached an agreement on political transition arrangements in 1993. From April to May 1994, South Africa held its first general election regardless of race. The tripartite alliance of the African National Congress, the Communist Party of South Africa, and the Congress of South African Trade Unions, led by the African National Congress, won with a majority of 62.65%. Mandela became the Prime Minister of South Africa. As a black president, the African National Congress, the National Party, and the Inkatha Freedom Party formed a national unity government.
Overview of Zambia
The country is called The Republic of Zambia.
Area 752,614 square kilometers (data source: Zambia official website).
Population 10.55 million (2005), most of whom are black Bantu speakers. There are 73 ethnic groups, among which the Tonga people account for about 12% of the country's population, the Pemba people account for 8%, and the Lozi people account for 6%. The official language is English, and there are 31 other national languages. 30% of the people believe in Christianity and Catholicism, and most of the rural residents are primitive religions.
The capital, Lusaka, has a population of more than 1 million. The average altitude is 1,265 meters. October is the hottest month, with an average daily maximum temperature of 31°C and a minimum of 18°C. July is the coolest month, with an average daily maximum temperature of 23°C and a minimum of 9°C.
The head of state, President Levy Patrick Mwanawasa, took office on January 2, 2002.
Important holiday Youth Day: March 12th and 13th. African Liberation Day: May 25th. Independence Day: October 24th.
Brief Profile: A landlocked country in south-central Africa, it borders Malawi and Mozambique to the east, Zimbabwe, Botswana and Namibia to the south, Angola to the west, and Congo (DRC) and Tanzania to the north. Most areas are 1,000 to 1,500 meters above sea level. It has a tropical grassland climate, with a dry and cool season from May to August, with temperatures ranging from 15 to 27°C, a hot and dry season from September to November, with temperatures from 26 to 36°C, and a rainy season from December to April of the following year. The annual average temperature is 21℃.
In the 9th century, tribal kingdoms such as Luba, Lunda, Kalolo and Baroz were successively established in Zambia. From 1889 to 1900, the "British South Africa Company" established by the British Rhodes gradually controlled the eastern and northeastern regions. In 1911, the British merged the two areas and named them the "Northern Rhodesia Protectorate" after Rhodes. In 1924, the British government took over the administrative jurisdiction of Northern Rhodesia and assigned a governor to rule directly. In January 1964, Northern Rhodesia achieved internal autonomy and officially declared independence on October 24 of the same year. It was named the Republic of Zambia and remained within the Commonwealth. Kaunda became the first president. In November 1991, Chiluba, the leader of the multi-party democratic movement, was elected president and was re-elected in November 1996.
Overview of Tanzania
The country is called The United Republic of Tanzania (The United Republic of Tanzania)
It covers an area of ??945,087 square kilometers, of which 2657 are Zanzibar Square kilometers
Population 37 million, including nearly 1 million in Zanzibar (estimated in 2004). Belonging to 126 ethnic groups, the Sukuma, Nyamvi, Chaga, Hehe, Makandi and Haya ethnic groups have a population of more than 1 million. There are also some Arabs, Indians, Pakistanis and Europeans. Swahili is the national language and is the official lingua franca along with English. 35% of the residents of Tanganyika (mainland) believe in Catholicism and Christianity, 45% believe in Islam, and the rest believe in primitive fetishism; 99% of the residents of Zanzibar believe in Islam.
The capital, Dares Salaam, has a population of 3 million (2004) and an average annual temperature of 25.8°C. The new capital, Dodoma, is still under construction and has a population of 1.7 million (2002).
Jakaya Mrisho Kikwete, Head of State and President of the United Republic of Tanzania, was elected on December 18, 2005.
An important holiday is Tanzania National Day, also known as Tanganyika and Zanzibar Union Day: April 26.
It is located in eastern Africa, south of the equator. It borders Kenya and Uganda to the north, Zambia, Malawi, and Mozambique to the south, Rwanda, Burundi, and Congo (DRC) to the west, and the Indian Ocean to the east. The mainland coastline is 840 kilometers long. The eastern coastal areas and some inland lowlands have a savanna climate, while the western inland plateau has a tropical mountain climate. The average temperature in most areas is 21~25℃. More than 20 islands in Zanzibar have a tropical maritime climate, which is hot and humid all year round, with an average annual temperature of 26°C.
One of the birthplaces of ancient mankind. In BC, there were trade exchanges with Arabia, Persia, India and other places. In the 7th and 8th centuries, Arabs and Persians immigrated in large numbers. The Arabs established the Islamic Kingdom at the end of the 10th century. In 1886, the interior of Tanganyika was placed under the German sphere of influence. In November 1917, the British army occupied the entire territory of Tanganyika. In 1920, Tanganyika became a British "mandate". In 1946, the United Nations General Assembly passed a resolution and changed the name of Tanganyika to "British Mandate". Trusteeship", Tanzania achieved internal autonomy on May 1, 1961, declared independence on December 9 of the same year, and established the Republic of Tanganyika one year later. Zanzibar became a British "protectorate" in 1890, gained autonomy on June 24, 1963, and declared independence on December 10 of the same year, becoming a constitutional monarchy ruled by the Sultan. On January 12, 1964, the Zanzibar people overthrew the rule of the Sultan and established the Zanzibar People's Republic. On April 26, 1964, Tanganyika and Zanzibar formed the United Democratic Republic of Tanzania. On October 29 of the same year, the country was renamed the United Democratic Republic of Tanzania. Julius Kambalaji Nyerere He served as the founding president and was re-elected twice until he voluntarily resigned in 1985. Mwini was elected as the fourth President of the United Nations on October 27 of the same year and was re-elected in 1990. In October 1995, Tanzania held its first multi-party election. Mkapa was elected President of the United Republic of China, and Salemin was re-elected President of Zanzibar with a slight advantage. In October 2000, Mkapa was re-elected as President of the United Republic of China, and Revolutionary Party candidate Karume was elected President of Zanzibar. In December 2005, Kikwete was elected President of the United Nations and Karum was re-elected as President of San Diego.
Overview of Mali
The name of the country is Mali *** (The Republic of Mali, La République du Mali)
Area of ??1,241,238 square kilometers
Population 13.52 million (2005). There are 23 ethnic groups in the country, mainly Bambara (accounting for 34% of the country's population), Pall (11), Senufo (9) and Sarakaulie (8). Each ethnic group has its own language.
The official language is French, and Bambara is commonly spoken (written in 1972). 80% of the residents believe in Islam, 18% believe in traditional fetishism, and 2% believe in Catholicism and Protestant Christianity.
The capital, Bamako, has a population of 1.297 million (2005); April has the highest temperature, with an average of 34-39°C, and January has the lowest temperature, with an average of 16-33°C.
Head of State President Amadou Toumani Touré. He was elected on May 28, 2002 and sworn in on June 8.
Important holidays: Independence Day: September 22.
Brief Profile It is located on the southern edge of the Sahara Desert in western Africa, bordering Mauritania and Senegal to the west, Algeria and Niger to the north and east, and Guinea, Cote d'Ivoire and Burkina Faso to the south. It is a landlocked country. The northern part has a tropical desert climate, which is dry and hot. The central and southern parts have a savanna climate. The whole year is divided into three seasons: the hot season from March to May, the rainy season from June to October, and the cool season from November to February. The highest temperature in the hot season reaches 50℃, and the lowest temperature in the cool season is 14℃.
Historically, it was the center of the Ghana Empire, the Mali Empire and the Songhai Empire. It became a French colony in 1895. In May 1958, it became an "autonomous French Republic" within the "French French Community". In April 1959, it formed the Mali Federation with Senegal. Independence was achieved on September 22, 1960, and Modibo Keita was elected as the first president. In November 1968, Moussa Traore came to power in a coup. In March 1991, Amadou Toumani Toure launched a coup and established a military transitional regime. In January 1992, a referendum approved a new constitution. In April, a national election was held, and Alpha Umar Konaré was elected president as a candidate of the African Unity and Justice Party (Justice Party for short). He was sworn in in June and established the Third Democratic Republic. In May 1997, Konaré was re-elected as president. In May 2002, former military regime leader Toure was elected president as an independent candidate.