Disposal methods
1. At present, 97% of urban garbage in China cannot be processed and can only be piled or landfilled. The losses caused by garbage in Chinese cities are 25 billion to 30 billion yuan every year. , and if recycled, it could have created an output value of more than 250 billion yuan. There are 4,000 domestic waste landfills in Guangdong, 1,500 of which are mixed with large amounts of harmful and hazardous waste, polluting groundwater and posing a permanent threat to mankind. Landfilling is not the most scientific way to dispose of domestic waste. One garbage dump is used for a period of time, and after it fills up, new landfills have to be opened. If this continues, the number of landfills will continue to increase. For sewage treatment in landfills, there were anaerobic treatment methods, activated sludge methods, etc. at that time. These treatment technologies were effective, but they all had the disadvantages of high investment and difficult operation and management.
3. Choosing to simply landfill is not a “patent” reserved for poor areas. In April 2008, the head of the Dongguan Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau revealed to the public that the city's three garbage treatment plants processed 2,800 tons of garbage per day. However, the daily production of domestic waste is 12,000 tons, and the harmless treatment rate is only 23%. A large amount of domestic waste is disposed of through simple landfills or even random accumulation. Currently, all 187 landfills in Dongguan have not been sanitized. The COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) of landfill leakage seriously exceeds the standard, posing a serious threat to the groundwater system.
4. According to data from the Beijing Municipal Management Committee, 94.1% of the domestic waste currently processed in Beijing uses sanitary landfill, 3.9% uses composting, and only 2% uses incineration. Compared with other domestic cities, Beijing is already far behind Shenzhen: Shenzhen has built 7 waste incineration power plants, processing 11,370 tons of waste daily, and the incineration power generation treatment volume accounts for more than 40% of the total treatment volume.
5. Nie Yongfeng, professor of the Department of Environmental Science and Engineering at Tsinghua University, is considered a staunch "burner" in the academic world. The fundamental reason for Beijing’s domestic waste problems is a serious lack of processing capacity and a single processing method. At the same time, the controversy related to waste incineration is also becoming increasingly fierce. The focus of the controversy is the carcinogen dioxin produced by incineration.
6. As an expert in the evaluation center group of the State Environmental Protection Administration, Zhao Zhangyuan has reviewed incineration facilities in many provinces. After extensive actual investigation and data analysis, he gradually strengthened his stance against burning. What troubles him the most is that the Incinerators have formed an interest group. "Incinerator manufacturers in developed countries are the first part of the interest group. They do everything possible to come to China to promote their products because they can no longer proceed in their countries. The second part are domestic project holders. They may be responsible for certain Regional garbage incineration tasks, or university professors who study garbage incineration, have received sufficient project funds. The third group of people are some government managers who are eager to find a way out for the garbage.”
Difficulty in disposal
1. Sanitary landfill, composting and incineration are the three most commonly used methods for harmless disposal of garbage in the world. According to statistics from the Municipal Domestic Waste Disposal Committee of the China Environmental Protection Industry Association, landfill treatment currently accounts for 70% of China's urban waste disposal, composting accounts for 20%, incineration accounts for 5%, and others (including open-air stacking and recycling) account for 70%. 5%. In other words, the vast majority of our urban garbage simply disappears from the eyes of city residents and is moved outside the city to be buried for safety or even to cause harm to the countryside.
2. According to experts, in developed countries, sanitary landfill is generally the final treatment method for residues after incineration or composting. At this stage, the amount of landfill waste is only about 10% of the original amount. The most difficult thing about garbage is that it is large in size, difficult to degrade, and takes up a lot of storage space. Building a waste incineration power plant can save 75% of the land compared with building a landfill plant.
According to China's national conditions, the construction of a large and medium-sized incinerator generally costs about 1 billion yuan, and the treatment cost after completion and operation is about 300 yuan/ton. The construction and operating costs are high, and ordinary cities cannot afford it. It has to be said that no matter which way, the "cost" of dealing with garbage is very high.
Countermeasures
1. The best policy is to produce no garbage or less garbage; the middle policy is to convert garbage into resources; the worst policy is to build a harmless garbage treatment plant to strive for 100 % harmless treatment rate. Garbage is a resource that has been misplaced. If it can be fully utilized, it will generate huge economic profits and ecological benefits. At present, more than 90% of urban garbage in China cannot be processed and can only be piled and landfilled. The annual resource loss caused by garbage is worth 25 billion to 30 billion yuan. If classified collection and treatment are adopted to realize the recycling of garbage, it can create 10 million yuan every year. The output value is at least 250 billion yuan.
2. The first step in the industrial operation of waste treatment is classification. However, many Chinese citizens are still unclear about the concept of classification, and not many people carefully classify their garbage before throwing it away. People's awareness of garbage disposal is still very low. Another phenomenon is also ridiculous - even if residents sort their garbage, it is still mixed when they arrive at the transfer station, and the terminal classification completely fails.
3. Looking at countries with successful experiences such as Germany and Japan, they not only have complete garbage recycling facilities and detailed garbage classification standards, but also organize professionals to go into the community to train citizens. . Obviously, China is still a bit "talking on paper". As for the numerous difficulties in garbage disposal, some experts summarized the difficulties as: no legal and regulatory guarantees, imperfect classification standards, and unclear investment entities.
4. There are no special laws and regulations across the country to ensure that garbage classification is completely dependent on the voluntariness of citizens. This fully tests the awareness of citizens. The imperfect classification standards not only make it confusing for citizens, but also make it difficult for sanitation workers to make choices. Ending the mixed garbage disposal method requires large investments.
The city is besieged by garbage. Garbage is an accessory to urban development. The operation of cities and people produces hundreds of millions of tons of garbage every year. On one hand, there is the ever-increasing amount of urban garbage, and on the other hand, the unbearable stench of garbage has become a thorny problem in urban garbage disposal. Chinese cities, which are developing rapidly, are suffering from the pain of "garbage siege". Garbage siege. According to current world population estimates, each person produces 300 kilograms of garbage every year. If all the garbage in 60 years were piled on the equatorial circle, it would form a huge garbage wall 5-10 meters high and 1 kilometer wide. This is equivalent to adding a garbage circle outside the entire lithosphere and hydrosphere of the earth's crust. It has begun to surround the world's land and oceans and pollute the global environment. More than 20 years later, the garbage monster has made a comeback. The daily garbage production is 18,400 tons, and the garbage disposal gap is 8,000 tons. The high gap rate of 67% is like a giant "bomb" hidden underground in the city. Currently, two-thirds of China's 668 cities are "surrounded" by garbage. The country's urban garbage piles have occupied a total of 500 million square meters of land, equivalent to 750,000 acres. China's total urban solid domestic waste has ranked among the highest in the world. It ranks among the top countries in the world, with its growth rate ranking first in the world.