Question 2: What is the subject of technological innovation? The key link to improve the ability of independent innovation ① Enterprises are the subject of technological innovation. Through technological progress, scientific management and honest management, we can master new technologies, attract talents and improve our independent innovation ability. (3 points). ② While giving full play to the main role of enterprises, the state is required to implement the Scientific Outlook on Development, strengthen macro-control and comprehensively use economic, legal and administrative means to support the development of innovative enterprises. (2 points) ③ Laborers should study hard, improve their labor skills and quality, and give full play to their sense of ownership in technological innovation. (2 points) ④ Insist on opening to the outside world, introduce and digest international advanced technologies, innovate ways of utilizing foreign capital, and give full play to the positive role of utilizing foreign capital in promoting independent innovation and industrial upgrading. (2 points) Test analysis: This question requires students to use the relevant knowledge of economic life to evaluate the view that "giving full play to the main role of enterprises in technological innovation can enhance China's independent innovation ability". To answer the evaluation question, we must first carefully analyze the opinions that need to be evaluated, find out the reasonable places, affirm with what we have learned, find out the unreasonable places, and criticize with what we have learned. For the viewpoint that "giving full play to the main role of enterprises in technological innovation can enhance China's independent innovation ability", students can first explain the main role of enterprises in technological innovation in combination with the current situation of enterprises and affirm it; Secondly, students should criticize one-sidedness from the perspectives of national macro-control, labor skills and quality, and reform and opening up.
Question 3: Why is the enterprise the main body of technological innovation and can realize the industrialization of technology? The value of technological innovation is to constantly strive for the profitability of operating entities.
Question 4: Enterprises are the main body of technological innovation. What are the main aspects and why do you want to study?
For example, when you see the afterglow of the sunset …
What comes to your mind is: "The sunset is lonely in Qi Fei, and the autumn water is the same as the sky."
Instead of: "* * *, so beautiful, * * * so beautiful!"
Question 5: What is technological innovation? The process of technological innovation involves a series of activities, such as the generation of innovative ideas, research and development, technical management and organization, engineering design and manufacturing, user participation and marketing. In the process of innovation, these activities are interrelated and sometimes have to be circularly crossed or operated in parallel. The process of technological innovation is not only accompanied by technological change, but also with the innovation of organization and system, management and marketing methods. Based on various explanations of technological innovation, its meaning includes the following points: (1) Enterprise is the main body of technological innovation; (2) Technological innovation is based on the introduction of new inventions or technologies; (3) Technological innovation includes both "hardware" innovation and "software" innovation; (4) The effect of technological innovation is to improve efficiency or increase market share.
Broadly speaking, it includes not only a technological innovation achievement itself, but also the process of its popularization, diffusion and application. Professor Ethan of Xi Jiaotong University believes that technological innovation is all activities that innovators make new changes to production factors and production conditions with the help of technological inventions and discoveries, so as to achieve commercial success. In the Decision of Central the State Council on Strengthening Technological Innovation and Developing High-tech to Realize Industrialization issued at the 1999 National Technological Innovation Conference, technological innovation is defined as: enterprises apply innovative knowledge, new technologies and new processes, adopt new production methods and management modes, improve product quality, develop and produce new products, provide new services, occupy the market and realize market value.
Question 6: In which chapter of Water Margin did Lin Chong die? Back to 1 19:
After the draw with Fang La, when introducing the ending of Heroes, Lin collapsed and died in Liuhe Hall.
The original text is as follows:
In the middle of half a month, the imperial emissary arrived and, by imperial decree, the vanguard Song Jiang and other troops returned to Beijing. Zhang, Tong Shumi, Geng Er, Wang Bing, Zhao Tan, and other people from all walks of life successively returned to Li. Song Jiang and others immediately cleaned up our army and returned to Beijing. Compared with parting, I don't want Lin Mi to be paralyzed by wind and Yang Xiong to die of back sores. He died of diarrhea when he moved. Sung river looked sad. Dantu County also sent a letter to report that Yang Zhi was dead and buried in the mountain garden of the county. Lin Bu was blown to pieces by the wind and could never recover, so he had to stay in Liuhe Hall and teach Song Wu to watch. He died in the second half of the year.
Question 7: Who are the subjects of high-tech innovation in China? With the development of economy and society, human society has entered the era of knowledge economy, which is an era in which human beings rely on knowledge innovation and technological innovation for development. The endless technological innovations have promoted the rapid development of high-tech industries. The rise and development of high-tech industry has become a new growth point of world economic development, and it has also changed the mode of production and lifestyle of human beings more and more profoundly. High-tech enterprises are the product of new knowledge and high-tech development in the era of knowledge economy, and they are knowledge-intensive and technology-intensive enterprises. The technological innovation ability and technical level of high-tech enterprises are the highest level in the industry and even in the whole region or country. Studying the influencing factors of technological innovation of high-tech enterprises is conducive to improving the competitiveness of enterprises, technological innovation ability and the comprehensive competitiveness of the whole country. At present, there is a big gap between China's scientific and technological strength and innovation level and developed countries. To narrow this gap, the most fundamental thing is to take the road of strengthening the country through science and technology and taking the road of scientific and technological innovation. In this new environment and situation, this paper decided to systematically study the influencing factors of technological innovation of high-tech enterprises in China. In order to facilitate the research, this paper first defines the related concepts of high-tech enterprises and their influencing factors, and briefly summarizes the characteristics of high-tech enterprises in China, and then summarizes the relevant theories of technological innovation at home and abroad, which provides a strong theoretical support for the research of this paper. Technological innovation is a complex system, and there are many and complicated factors that affect the normal operation of this system. When studying the influencing factors of technological innovation of high-tech enterprises in China, this paper divides all the influencing factors into two categories: external influencing factors and internal influencing factors. Among them, external factors include social environment factors and market environment factors. Social environmental factors include social institutional environment and social cultural environment. The social system environment has an important influence on fund raising, innovation cost control and innovation achievement realization of high-tech enterprises. The social and cultural environment will affect the organizational structure and management control system of enterprises, the mental model and behavior of decision-makers or managers, and then affect their innovative decision-making and technological innovation of enterprises. Market environment factors include market concentration, market system, entry barriers and technical barriers to trade. The influence of market concentration on technological innovation of high-tech enterprises will be different in different industries; Market system affects technological innovation in protecting intellectual property rights, encouraging market competition, reducing market externalities and reducing transaction costs. Entry barriers and technical barriers to trade have an important impact on the diffusion of technological innovation and the marketization of innovation results. These external factors all affect the technological innovation of enterprises, but they are beyond the control of enterprises. Structural equation model is used to study external influencing factors, and some qualitative indicators are quantified, which solves the problem that qualitative indicators are difficult to study quantitatively. Internal factors include non-input factors, input factors (human input factors and financial input factors) and benefit realization factors. The internal influencing factors are caused by the enterprise itself and can be controlled by the enterprise itself. Non-input factors are enterprise scale, enterprise system, enterprise culture and innovation mechanism formed by long-term development under specific social and market environment. The influence of enterprise scale on enterprise technological innovation is mainly reflected in the ability and efficiency of the organization to use innovative resources. The influence of enterprise scale on enterprise technological innovation is nonlinear, and large enterprises and small and medium-sized enterprises have their own advantages in technological innovation. The influence of enterprise system on technological innovation is mainly reflected in the influence of property right system, management system and organization system on technological innovation. The arrangement of property right system will affect the allocation efficiency of technological innovation resources, and the management system and organization system have an important influence on the innovation incentive of technological innovators. Input factors, including human input factors and financial input factors, are the most direct and important factors affecting technological innovation. Therefore, in the last part of the fourth chapter, this paper makes a quantitative study on the influence of these two factors on innovation output. The research method is to use Douglas production function to improve it and build a linear regression model, and select the relevant technological innovation data of six provinces in the central and western regions for research. The elements to realize the benefits of technological innovation are mainly reflected in the innovation output, including the sales revenue of new products and the number of patent applications granted, which is not only the embodiment of current innovation achievements, but also the source of funds and technology for technological innovation in the next innovation cycle. This study holds that: (1) both external factors and internal factors * * * affect the technological innovation of high-tech enterprises, and they cannot exist in isolation. & gt
Question 8: How to make enterprises the main body of technological innovation is undoubtedly a gratifying news. Independent innovation is becoming one of the loudest words in China's economic and social life in the next 15 years. In independent innovation, the most important thing is the innovation of enterprises, that is, enterprises should become the main body of independent innovation. According to the research of planning strategy, enterprises have the dominant position and advantages that cannot be replaced by other innovative institutions in forming products and industries with market competitiveness. Because the enterprise directly faces the market, the innovation demand is sensitive and the innovation impulse is strong. Only by making enterprises the main force of technological innovation and enhancing the independent innovation ability of thousands of enterprises in Qian Qian, Qian Qian, can the overall innovation strength of the country be enhanced. From the content of independent innovation, it generally includes three aspects: first, original innovation, the purpose of which is to obtain scientific discoveries and technological inventions; The second is integrated innovation, which organically integrates various related technologies to form new products and industries; The third is to introduce digestion, absorption and innovation. These three aspects are closely related to the production research and development of enterprises, especially the latter two aspects, which are mainly the tasks of enterprises. In the international competition pattern of economic integration, many developed countries and their multinational companies use their own technology and capital advantages to maintain a leading position, control the market and resources with technology, and form a high degree of monopoly on the world market, especially the high-tech market. Since the reform and opening up, we have taken the road of "exchanging market for technology". Now, although China's industrial structure is constantly upgrading and the proportion of high-tech industries is rising, the overall independent innovation capability of the industry is still insufficient. Many industries lack core technology, many enterprises are hollow in technology, and key parts are imported, which is at the low end of the global industrial chain. In a word, while making extensive use of foreign technical resources, the independent innovation ability of domestic enterprises has not been improved simultaneously. There is a simple reason. Real core technology and key technology can't be bought. Core technology means technological hegemony, market hegemony and even discourse hegemony, which means huge national wealth. In order to fundamentally change the status quo of China's industry "more but not better, bigger but not stronger", avoid being controlled by people, not the processing and assembly workshops of low-end products, and improve the level of industrial technology and scale benefits, we should take independent innovation as the central link in optimizing the structure and transforming the growth mode, form a large number of innovative enterprises with independent intellectual property rights and core technologies, and make independent innovation the most important engine of economic growth. Therefore, it is necessary to build a technological innovation system with enterprises as the main body, market-oriented and Industry-University-Research as the combination, so that enterprises can truly become the main body of R&D investment, technological innovation activities and the application of innovation results, thus comprehensively enhancing their independent innovation capabilities. In this regard, Shenzhen's practice and experience are worth popularizing. More than 90% of R&D institutions in Shenzhen are located in enterprises, more than 90% of research funds come from enterprises, and more than 90% of patent applications come from enterprises. In addition, in the process of implementing the strategy of independent innovation, we should also dare to break the superstition of foreign technology, improve national self-confidence, and push forward the cause of innovation with the courage to cross the rubicon. The formation of innovative enterprises must first have a free enterprise system. In market freedom, the core is enterprise freedom. Without the freedom of enterprises to participate in transactions, it is impossible to form a market, let alone a free and efficient market. On the basis of legal protection of property rights, we should ensure that enterprises can have a series of institutional arrangements such as free entrepreneurship, free management, free trading and free disposal of property rights, and encourage entrepreneurs and the masses to yearn for the spirit of freedom and opening up and pursue the profits of the free market. Only in this way can we improve the independent innovation ability of enterprises. Mankind is experiencing the evolution from industrial society to knowledge society, and scientific and technological innovation is increasingly becoming an important driving force for economic and social development and the main source of wealth formation. In this process, if a country lacks independent innovation ability and core technology to ensure national security, then an enterprise lacks independent innovation ability and core technology and can only drift with the flow in the market. (Editor: Liu Yang)
Question 9: What is the subject of technological innovation under the vibrant and energetic national innovation system? The main body of technological innovation is the technological progress and achievements certified by the technical department. It is universal, advanced and practical.