"Oil" was formally put forward by Shen Kuo, but it should not be the first one. It seems to be a folk custom. Suspicion is related to the occurrence of oil: "born in sand and stones in water, mixed with spring water" (Meng Qian Bitan), "flowing in rocks, mixed with spring water" (Compendium of Materia Medica), so it is named vividly.
Question 2: Who was the first person to discover gasoline in the world? Who first discovered and used gasoline?
Long before the invention of the internal combustion engine, man had made gasoline. But for a long time, gasoline was considered as a useless by-product after crude oil was smelted into kerosene. The petroleum and petrochemical industries are so important and widely used because of a series of innovations around them.
Kerosene is the standard lighting fuel for most of the19th century. At that time, petroleum smelting relied on a simple distillation process to separate components with different boiling points from petroleum. Kerosene has a high boiling point and is easily separated from low boiling gasoline and other impurities. Kerosene has become the main product of crude oil refining, while gasoline and other components are often burned in vain. In the first 20 years of the 20th century, researchers found that internal combustion engines operated better when using light fuels such as gasoline. But only 20% gasoline can be extracted from crude oil by distillation. Although American oil prospectors have drilled many oil wells in Pennsylvania, Indiana, Oklahoma and Texas, the inefficiency of smelting gasoline has greatly hindered the development of automobile industry.
Two engineers of American Standard Oil Company, William? Burton (company vice president) and Robert? Ham forest (director of the laboratory) solved the problem of low efficiency in refining gasoline. They improved the distillation method, increased the pressure in the standard heating process, and "cracked" kerosene into gasoline. This "thermal cracking" process doubles the smelting efficiency of gasoline and the oil yield reaches 40%. Burton obtained the patent of this process in 19 13. The gasoline produced in the United States has caught up with the demand for cars.
Question 3: Who discovered T in Daqing Oilfield?
Question 4: Who was the first person to discover and name oil in the history of China? China is also one of the earliest countries in the world to discover and utilize oil. Ban Gu's Han Shu in the Eastern Han Dynasty recorded that "high slaves have water and are flammable". Gaonu is near Yanchang, Shaanxi, and Weishui is a tributary of the Yanhe River. "If water is fat, it is advisable to use it" (Notes on Daoyuan Water Classic in Li See, Northern Wei Dynasty). "Fat" here refers to oil. Around 863 AD, Duan Chengwu's Miscellaneous Notes on Youyang in the Tang Dynasty recorded that "the stone in Gaonv County is greasy and floating on the water surface, such as paint, and the burning lamp is extremely bright". "Nanshan Spring in Yanshou County, Jiuquan, Gansu Province" is recorded in the Western Jin Dynasty's Natural History (written in 267) and Notes on Water Classics. "The water is rich and moist, like gravy, and it is filled in a container. It turns yellow and then black, like a paste, burning brightly, just like paste, and the paste and water tank are very good. Others call it stone paint."
In Song Dynasty, Shen Kuo called this natural mineral "oil" for the first time in On Meng Xi, pointing out that "oil is endless on the earth at most". He tried to use soot from burning crude oil as ink. "Black as paint, loose ink is not as good as loose ink." Shen Kuo also predicted that "this thing will be popular all over the world". He has foreseen the great use of oil in the future.
In the Yuan Dynasty, "A Record of the Unification of the Yuan Dynasty" recorded that "an oil well was dug in Nanying River, Yanchang County, which was flammable and could cure scabies of six animals, with an annual capacity of 110 Jin. There is also a well in Yongping Village, 80 miles northwest of Yanchuan County, weighing 400 Jin a year, which is a rock peak reservoir for guiding the way. He added, "The oil in the stone well in Yaoqu Village, West Twenty Li, yijun county was pumped. Although this gas smells and tastes good, it can cure the scabies of camels, horses, sheep and cattle. "It shows that about 800 years ago, northern Shaanxi officially dug wells for oil production by hand, and its use was expanded to treat livestock skin diseases, and it was officially purchased and put into storage.
Question 5: Who was the first person to discover oil in the world? The earliest record of oil discovery originated from the Book of Changes written in the Western Zhou Dynasty (BC 1 1 century to BC 77 1 century): "There is fire in the Ze" and "There is fire in the Ze". Ze, lakes and ponds are also. "Fire in the river" refers to the phenomenon that oil vapor catches fire on the water surface of lakes and ponds. It has a history of more than 3000 years. It is generally believed that the history of China people using petroleum can be traced back to the Western Han Dynasty and the Western Jin Dynasty. According to Ban Gu (AD 32-92), a writer and historian in the Eastern Han Dynasty, the prequel to Hanshu? Roll 38 times "The Eighth Geography" said: "Ding Yang is a high slave, confusing water, and fat can be soaked." Gaonu County refers to the present Yan 'an area in Shaanxi, and Xiaoshui is a tributary of Yanhe River. It has a history of more than two thousand years. "From then on in the history of the north? The Biography of the Western Regions also recorded the oil production in Kikucha (now Kuqa) in Xinjiang: "In the mountains in the northwest, it is like ointment flowing from Chengchuan, and it stinks when it enters the ground like Wan Li. "The ancient oil producing areas are also quite rich. In the Compendium of Materia Medica written by Li Shizhen in the Ming Dynasty, there is a cloud: "Oil comes from all over the world, such as Suzhou, Zhangzhou, Yanchang, Myanmar and Nanxiong in Guangzhou, flowing out of rocks and mixed with spring water ..." The word "oil" was first formally put forward by Shen Kuo, a scientist in the Song Dynasty, in his monograph "Meng Qian Bi Tan", and was widely quoted by later generations. According to Meng Qian's pen talk? Volume 24? Magazine 1 contains: "Yanchang has oil, and the old saying' Gaonv County produces fat and water' refers to this". Before Shen Kuo, petroleum had gone through several names, such as stone fertilizer, water fertilizer and stone paint. There is a saying in the Records of Yuanhe County written by Li Jifu in the Tang Dynasty: "The stone and fat water is 180 miles southeast of the county seat, and the spring is covered with moss, such as fat, burning brightly, and there is ink and fat on the water ..." In the Southern Dynasties, Ye Fan wrote the Book of the Later Han Dynasty? The county annals quoted the Natural History of Yanshou County (now Yumen, Gansu Province) (written by Zhang Hua in the Western Jin Dynasty) as saying: "There are mountains in the south of the county, and the land is a ditch ... It is inedible, and people in the county call it stone paint ... There are also water and fertilizer, not just in Gaonu County. "Since Shen Kuo, there have been many descendants. For example, Li Shizhen said in Compendium of Materia Medica that "the taste of oil is the same as that of public sulfur, so it kills insects and cures sores". In the Ming Dynasty, Cao Xuejian's Zhong Shuguang Ji said: "In the last years of Zhengde in China, Jiazhou occasionally got oil and water when opening a salt well ... This is oil, but it comes from a well." In the Compendium of Materia Medica compiled by Zhao Xuemin in the Qing Dynasty, it is also recorded that "there is an oil spring 150 miles east of Chijinwei (now Chijinbao area in Yumen, Gansu)". Although Shen Kuo officially put forward the title of "oil", it should not be the first [1]. It seems to be a customary name among the people. Suspicion is related to the occurrence of oil: "born in sand and stones in water, mixed with spring water" (Meng Qian Bitan), "flowing in rocks, mixed with spring water" (Compendium of Materia Medica), so it is named vividly.
Question 6: Who first discovered oil? The first person who discovered oil was Shen Kuo of China in Song Dynasty. He first mentioned oil in Mengqianbitan.
Question 7: Which country first discovered oil? China
Question 8: Who invented gasoline? Inventor: two engineers of American Standard Oil Company, William? Burton (company vice president) and Robert? Ham forest (director of the laboratory)
In this case, the invention:
Kerosene is the standard lighting fuel for most of the19th century. At that time, petroleum smelting relied on a simple distillation process to separate components with different boiling points from petroleum. Kerosene has a high boiling point and is easily separated from low boiling gasoline and other impurities. Kerosene has become the main product of crude oil refining, while gasoline and other components are often burned in vain. In the first 20 years of the 20th century, researchers found that internal combustion engines operated better when using light fuels such as gasoline. But only 20% gasoline can be extracted from crude oil by distillation. Although American oil prospectors have drilled many oil wells in Pennsylvania, Indiana, Oklahoma and Texas, the inefficiency of smelting gasoline has greatly hindered the development of automobile industry.
Two engineers of American Standard Oil Company, William? Burton (company vice president) and Robert? Ham forest (director of the laboratory) solved the problem of low efficiency in refining gasoline. They improved the distillation method, increased the pressure in the standard heating process, and "cracked" kerosene into gasoline. This "thermal cracking" process doubles the smelting efficiency of gasoline and the oil yield reaches 40%. Burton obtained the patent of this process in 19 13. The gasoline produced in the United States has caught up with the demand for cars.
Question 9: When was the oil mined in the Northern Song Dynasty? Who was the first to discover oil? Oil, also known as crude oil, is a brown-black flammable viscous liquid mined from deep underground. Mainly a mixture of alkanes, cycloalkanes and aromatics. It is a mixture formed by long-term evolution of organisms in ancient oceans or lakes, and it belongs to fossil fuels like coal. Oil is one of the most important energy sources in the world at present.
Oil is the blood of modern industry, which was discovered and utilized by ancient people in China. So who discovered and used oil for the first time in ancient times? According to historical records, he was Shen Kuo of the Northern Song Dynasty.
Who first discovered and used oil in ancient times?
Shen Kuo (A.D. 103 1 ~ 1095), Han nationality, was born in Qiantang County, Hangzhou (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang) in the Northern Song Dynasty. He was a scientist and reformer in the Northern Song Dynasty. In his later years, he wrote a notebook masterpiece Meng Qian Bi Tan in Zhenjiang Meng Xi Park. A very knowledgeable scientist, one of the most outstanding scientists in Chinese history. Be proficient in astronomy, mathematics, physics, chemistry, geology, meteorology, geography, agriculture and medicine; He is also an outstanding engineer and an outstanding diplomat.
China's earliest record of oil and oil exploitation also comes from Shen Kuo's Meng Qian Bi Tan. It was the third year of Yuanfeng in the Northern Song Dynasty (1080), and Shen Kuo was 50 years old. He became the satrap of Yan 'an area in Shaanxi province, fighting against the invasion of Xixia, a powerful enemy, on the northwest front. During his intense military life, he still did not forget to inspect the people's oil exploitation process. In Mengqianbitan, he recorded the existing state and exploitation process of oil. He wrote:
"There is a kind of oil in ~ state and Yanzhou, which is the fat water in the past high slave county, and fat water is oil. Oil is produced by the water, mixed with sandstone and spring water, and flows out intermittently. Local residents picked it up with pheasant tail hair and collected it in a crock. This oil is very similar to varnish. It burns like a torch, smoking thick smoke, and the tent turns black when it is stained with soot. I guess this kind of cigarette can be used, so I try to sweep its bituminous coal as ink. The luster of ink is like black paint, even loose ink can't compare with it. So I made a lot of them and marked them with words, called' Yanchuan Stone Liquid'. This kind of ink will be widely popular in the world in the future, starting with my production. " According to the existing historical data, he was the first person to use oil. He made ink from the smoke produced by the burning of oil. He also wrote a poem "Yanzhou Poetry", which described the magnificent scene of smoke and dust rolling in Yanzhou oil exploitation: "There is much snow in Erlang Mountain, and it is fascinating to learn from others. Clothes are not old in winter, and stone smoke is more like Luoyang dust. "
Shen Kuo was the first to put forward the word "oil", Shen Kuo was the first to describe the form and mining process of oil, and Shen Kuo was the first to use lampblack instead of pine smoke as ink. Yanzhou Petroleum written by him has now formed the famous Changqing Oilfield in China, with an annual output of 20 million tons, accounting for about one tenth of the country. It is an important energy base in China.
Question 10: Who discovered oil first? Wang Jinxi. China has a history of using oil for more than two thousand years. In ancient China, oil was mainly used in five aspects: ① for lighting; ② Used as lubricant; ③ Used in medicine; (4) for the army; ⑤ Used for ink making, etc. But on the whole, the development of ancient petroleum technology in China is extremely slow, and the development and application of oil are limited to the exploitation and use of ready-made crude oil, and the source and geological conditions of oil have not been studied.
The word "oil" was first put forward by Shen Kuo, a scientist in the Song Dynasty, in his monograph "Meng Qian Bi Tan", and was widely quoted by later generations. According to Meng Qian's pen talk? Volume 24? Magazine 1 contains: "Yanchang has oil, and the old saying' Gaonv County produces fat and water' refers to this". Before Shen Kuo, petroleum had gone through several names, such as stone fertilizer, water fertilizer and stone paint.
"Oil" was formally put forward by Shen Kuo, but it should not be the first one. It seems to be a folk custom. Suspicion is related to the occurrence of oil: "sandstone born in water, mixed with spring water" (Meng Qian Bi Tan), "flowing out of rocks, mixed with spring water" (Compendium of Materia Medica), so it has an image name.