Although my country's residential construction has a long history, the production and supply of building materials and products still remain based on the concept of raw material production and supply. There are few varieties and unmatched equipment, and the construction machinery and equipment rate is also low. This This directly leads to the adverse consequences of high construction investment, long construction period and low construction efficiency. However, this situation also provides greater space for the development of the construction machinery industry. From the production situation of my country's construction machinery products, we can roughly understand the overall situation of the development of my country's construction machinery.
1. Production of construction machinery products in my country
(1) Concrete product machinery
1. Block forming machine. Masonry is the most commonly used building material in residential construction. However, the production of solid clay bricks seriously destroys farmland. For a country like ours with a serious shortage of arable land, the problem is very serious. To this end, the state has repeatedly banned the destruction of farmland, and the intensity has increased year by year. Many cities have banned the use of solid clay bricks. At the same time, incentives for manufacturers that use industrial waste such as fly ash to produce building blocks will be exempted and exempted from income tax to accelerate the development of building block production. The key equipment for producing blocks is the block forming machine. The international production of block forming machines is represented by the United States, Germany, and Japan. Their block forming machines can produce a variety of masonry such as filled masonry, decorative masonry, split masonry, floor tiles, etc., and these masonry Compared with solid clay bricks, it has higher strength (can reach more than 25Mpa). During the "Ninth Five-Year Plan" period, my country, with the support of the State Planning Commission, specially established a project to tackle key problems. In August 2006, it completed the molding of QM4-12 mold vibration high-strength bricks. Machine development and production.
2. Hollow wall panel extrusion production line. The hollow wall panel extrusion production line is a complete production line that uses a large amount of industrial waste such as fly ash to produce wall panels. The hollow wall panels produced by this production line are used in partition walls. They are not only light in weight, easy to install, but also partition The sound and heat insulation properties are also very good. The application is very common in the United States, Germany, Japan and other countries. The first domestic hollow wall panel extrusion production line was put into operation in Tianjin in 2007. Before it was put into operation, a large amount of hollow wall panels had to be imported from Japan.
(2) Steel bar processing machinery
At present, my country's steel bar processing machinery includes automatic steel mesh production lines, automatic steel bar bending hoop production lines, steel bar rib stripping and rolling straight thread connection equipment, etc. They are all developing rapidly, and the steel mesh automatic production line is a notable example.
Reinforcement mesh is a typical building steel component. Compared with bundled steel bars, it has the characteristics of good quality, saving steel, and fast construction speed. The core equipment for producing steel mesh is the automatic welding production line. Although our country has just started, it has a high starting point and strong development momentum. It has reached the advanced level of similar international products, but key mechanical, electrical and pneumatic components still need to be imported from abroad.
(3) Decoration machinery
In all construction projects, with the improvement of living standards and environmental requirements, the proportion of decoration projects in the entire project is getting higher and higher. Currently, it is generally It has reached 40% to 50%. Decoration machinery mainly includes pumping and spraying equipment, paint spraying pumps, hanging baskets for high-altitude operations, and window cleaning machines for construction.
As far as pumping spray equipment is concerned, since manual plastering is currently commonly used in civil buildings, its workload accounts for about 30% of the total construction labor; in terms of construction period, the decoration period accounts for about 30% of the total construction labor. 50% to 70% of the construction industry uses a lot of labor and has the lowest degree of mechanical construction. It is vulnerable to the impact of the labor force and is still the weakest link in construction projects. The UB8.0 mortar pump, a key scientific and technological project of the National “Ninth Five-Year Plan”, can complete mortar transportation and spraying operations, and can also be used for horizontal and vertical transportation of various slurry materials. It has good spraying effect, strong adhesion and high efficiency, especially Suitable for slope protection, dock backfilling, stone grouting, etc.
(4) Hoisting machinery
1. Tower crane. From the mid-to-late 1980s to the present, it has been a period of prosperous development of tower cranes in my country. Over the past 20 years, through surveying and mapping, imitation, design innovation and technology introduction, tower crane companies have formed a relatively complete system in terms of design and manufacturing technology, business management and market development. Among the more than 300 manufacturers in the country, more than 230 have obtained production licenses, and the annual output has exceeded 10,000 units. However, the product structure is extremely unreasonable. There are no more than 30 product models for tens of thousands of units, and most of them Much the same.
One of the important reasons for this is that in the 1980s, the country introduced a product model classification standard. The original purpose was to guide manufacturers in planning products and guide the supporting development of domestic basic components. Although this facilitated unified management, it affected tower cranes. technological progress. In developed countries, there are many types of tower crane products, ranging from 1 ton-meter to 5,000 ton-meter. We can produce whatever the market needs. But we are repeating the same work on the "same model", and the result can only be a bloody defeat in the market.
For example, in the production of tower cranes, developed countries have developed intelligent tower cranes that realize full-parameter monitoring of operating status and intelligent fault diagnosis, and have begun mass production, but our country is still blank. Therefore, for the construction machinery industry, we must also have a pioneering spirit and dare to take risks, try, and research and develop.
2. Construction lift. Construction lifts are indispensable equipment for the construction of high-rise and super-high-rise buildings. The existing problems are basically the same as those of tower cranes. The main reasons remain variety and performance issues. At present, there are no more than 10 types of lifts produced in our country, and more than 90% are 1- or 2-ton products. In the fierce market competition, the "weapon" used intensively is price reduction. If companies want to make breakthroughs, they must rely on technological innovation.
2. Innovation suitable for national conditions is inevitable for the development of my country's construction machinery
According to predictions from relevant national departments, by 2010, the total output value of construction machinery will exceed 100 billion yuan, but How exactly should it develop? The situation is much more complicated. There are basically three types of development paths for my country's construction machinery: one is to introduce joint ventures; the other is to introduce and digest innovation; the third is to learn from international advanced experience and develop and innovate independently. Independent development and innovation are not simply imitating other people's products, but must develop products with independent intellectual property rights. Therefore, it is necessary to establish and improve an independent R&D system and improve product design and manufacturing levels, so as to win the favor of customers and gain a firm foothold in the market.
Enterprises are the main body of development and innovation. Many enterprises today were transformed from the original scientific research institutes, and the "transfer" was very successful. After the transformation, the design level and manufacturing level have been significantly improved, which not only preserved our own market, but also made it a reality for us to go abroad and occupy the international market. There are many examples in this regard, such as concrete delivery pumps. In the past, foreign products occupied most of our market. After we introduced them, our digestion, absorption, innovation, and applicability were superior to imported products. In terms of secondary development, China has Chinese characteristics and its own national conditions. Therefore, development must be based on national conditions. If new technologies are introduced and secondary development is not carried out according to national conditions, and the applicability problem cannot be solved, no one will want such a "miss pump"! In October 2005, the American Pioneer Company's boarding ladder caused a fatal accident in the Three Gorges. Three Gorges also used our own boarding ladder. There was also a boarding ladder of the international famous brand ALIMAK on site. In less than two years, the transmission and safety devices They are all broken, but a few of ours are fine. The main reason for this is that they do not understand our national conditions and the quality of our management and personnel. Therefore, secondary development focuses on solving applicability issues. The Japanese mixing plant purchased by China Three Gorges kept breaking down, and Japanese experts were puzzled. It turned out that the problem was caused by unstable voltage in China's power grid, but Chinese experts solved the problem by adding a voltage stabilizer. These examples illustrate the importance of development and innovation, and development must be innovative and solve practical problems.
In short, China’s construction machinery industry has made great achievements since the reform and opening up. In particular, the production of tower cranes has basically met the needs of construction, and some products have entered the international market. Practice has proven that it is completely feasible to combine products with independent intellectual property rights with the best international accessories to build our own brand and secure our own market with our low price advantage.
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