However, in recent years, the concept of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles has gradually entered people's field of vision, especially after Honda, Toyota and Hyundai successively launched their own hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, this new energy vehicle seems to be getting closer and closer to the public.
In fact, when it comes to hydrogen fuel cells, it is not a new technology invented in recent years. It appeared in the field of American space science and technology in the 1960s. 1965, the world's first hydrogen fuel cell manufactured by American electric company was officially applied to Gemini 5 spacecraft in the United States.
The Gemini project in the United States started at19611and ended at 1966 1. It lasted for five years and cost $65.438+28.34 million. During this period, a total of 12 flights were carried out, including two unmanned flights and 10 manned flights, which created many firsts in American space flight.
So whether the hydrogen fuel cell is a scam is simply nonsense!
The biggest advantage of hydrogen fuel cell is zero emission, which is absolutely good news for increasingly strict emission standards. In addition to zero emissions, hydrogen fuel cells have the characteristics of high endurance, fast refueling speed and ultra-low noise, which are not available in today's new energy vehicles.
Therefore, after hydrogen fuel cells were first used in aerospace and military fields, the commercial field soon found its broad prospects. So in the 1970s, Canada formally established a company engaged in this research.
In the following decades, the company devoted itself to the research and development of hydrogen fuel cells, obtained thousands of related patents, and now has an absolute global technology monopoly. The name of this company is Ballard.
Ballard is a global leader in the hydrogen fuel industry. Even many car companies including Mercedes-Benz, Volkswagen, Ford, Toyota and Honda are using Ballard's technology. Guo Hong Hydrogen Energy Company, the first company in China to carry out research on hydrogen fuel cell technology, also formally signed a cooperation agreement with Ballard on 20 16.
Guo Honghydrogen holds 90% of the shares, and Ballard holds 10%. After Guo Hong Hydrogen Energy paid Ballard's patent transfer fee, Ballard provided hardware and software support such as production equipment, products and procurement services, training and debugging, while Guo Hong Hydrogen Energy set up a production line in Guangdong to manufacture and assemble hydrogen fuel cells.
Although hydrogen fuel cells belong to the product of the last century, there are still many obstacles to be overcome in order to really use them in civil cars.
Among the many obstacles of hydrogen fuel cell, how to ensure the stability and safety of hydrogen in the whole storage process is the most important thing in the whole process of hydrogen fuel cell.
As we all know, hydrogen is a highly flammable gas, and its explosion limit range can be expanded from 4% to 70%, which is very wide. Moreover, hydrogen will corrode steel during storage, which is scientifically called "hydrogen corrosion".
The working principle of hydrogen fuel cell is to use the chemical reaction of hydrogen and oxygen to directly convert chemical energy into electric energy through power generation device, thus providing driving force for automobile running. After this series of chemical reactions, hydrogen will eventually be converted into water and discharged from the car.
However, due to the long-term contact between steel and high-pressure hydrogen, hydrogen atoms will react with carbides in steel to generate methane, which will cause decarbonization of steel from the inside. Methane will cause local stress concentration on the decarburized steel body and form tiny cracks on the steel surface, which is hydrogen corrosion.
This kind of hydrogen corrosion will produce more and more cracks with the passage of time, which will directly lead to the linear decline of strength and toughness of steel, thus leading to hydrogen embrittlement of steel. Both hydrogen embrittlement and hydrogen corrosion are irreversible corrosion and damage, which will bring fatal damage to metal containers for storing hydrogen.
So Toyota adopted a hydrogen storage tank made of carbon fiber and Kevlar material. These two materials have excellent strength and can keep the hydrogen storage tank sealed even in severe collision. However, the hydrogen storage tank made of this special material will increase the cost of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. Therefore, the hydrogen storage technology of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles is one of the bottlenecks that restrict many enterprises to develop hydrogen fuel technology.
Of course, the reason why hydrogen fuel cell vehicles can't be popularized at present is not only the difficulty of hydrogen storage, but also the need to establish a whole set of industrial chains, such as the acquisition, purification, storage and transportation of hydrogen and the construction of hydrogenation terminals. All these require a lot of capital cost to achieve.
To sum up, hydrogen fuel cell vehicle is a product of "network celebrity" at present, which we can see in the media, but rarely seen in life.
At present, hydrogen fuel cell technology is the next generation of epoch-making new energy technology after new energy vehicle technology such as lithium battery. However, in order to finally enter thousands of households, it is necessary not only to solve technical difficulties, but also to train more hydrogen fuel cell technical talents. Only the progress of talents can promote the faster development of hydrogen fuel cell technology.
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