Sales expenses belong to profit and loss subjects. The occurrence of sales expenses, debit: sales expenses, credit: cash, bank deposits, etc. Transfer to this year's profit at the end of the period, borrow and lend sales expenses from this year's profit. There is no balance at the end of the period. Profit and loss account is a kind of accounting account, which is used to calculate "current year's profit", including income account and expense account.
At the end of the period (the end of the month, the end of the quarter and the end of the year), the accumulated balance of such subjects needs to be transferred to the "profit of this year" subject, and the balance of these subjects should be zero after carry-over. Enterprise profit and loss account refers to the account of income and cost incurred by the enterprise.
Specifically including:
1. Income account: main business income, other business income, investment income, gains and losses from changes in fair value, etc.
2. Expense subjects: main business costs, other business costs, asset impairment losses, credit impairment losses, taxes and surcharges, sales expenses, management expenses, research and development expenses, financial expenses, income tax expenses, etc.
3. Income directly included in current profits: non-operating income, gains and losses from disposal of fixed assets.
Gains and losses directly included in the owner's equity are included in the "other comprehensive income" subject, which does not affect the profit and loss. According to the provisions of the enterprise accounting system, the balance of profit and loss subjects should be transferred to the "profit of this year" subject at the end of the period. After carry-forward, the ending balance of profit and loss account is zero.
In addition, the "previous year's profit and loss adjustment" account also belongs to the profit and loss category, but because it accounts for the profit and loss adjustment of the previous year, not the profit and loss of the current year. Therefore, according to the accounting standards for business enterprises, the ending balance of this account cannot be transferred to the profit account of this year, but should be transferred to the "profit distribution-undistributed profit" account, and the surplus reserve should be adjusted accordingly.