What are the discoveries and inventions of chemists and their functions are as follows:
Nobel (Alfred Nobel, 1833～1896)
1. Swedish chemists and inventor. Born in Stockholm on October 21, 1833. His father was a machinery manufacturer and landmine inventor, which had a great influence on Nobel's early growth. When he was a teenager, he helped his father build mines. At the age of 17, he went to the United States to study, specializing in chemistry.
2. In 1863, he returned to Stockholm and began to experiment with improved nitroglycerin. After several failures, a big explosion occurred during an explosive experiment on September 3, 1867, causing his father to be maimed and his brother to be disabled. Oskar was killed. He risked his life and finally invented safe high explosives in 1867.
3. In 1868, the Swedish Science Society awarded him and his son the "Reitstadt" Prize. In 1875, he also invented a powerful colloidal explosive made of nitroglycerin and gunpowder cotton. In 1888, he invented a mixed smokeless explosive. In addition to explosives and firearms technology, he also had many inventions in the fields of chemistry and other fields. He has obtained more than 300 invention patents in various countries.
4. Nobel was diligent throughout his life and had endless creativity. He devoted all his energy to science and remained single all his life. Before his death, he left a will and left part of his inheritance** *9.2 million US dollars is used as a fund, and its interest is used as bonuses (there are five bonuses in physics, chemistry, physiology and medicine, literature, and peace) to reward those "who have given the greatest benefit to mankind."
5. Since 1901, various Nobel prizes have been awarded every year on Nobel's death day (December 10).
Aristotle (approximately 384 BC to 322 BC)
1. Ancient Greek philosopher and thinker. He was a student of Plato and a knowledgeable scholar who left many works on natural science and philosophy, especially on logic and dialectics. He proposed that all things are composed of four elements-earth, water, air, and fire. These four elements are eternal and cannot come from nothing, nor can they come from nothing.
2. He also believed that the four elements all have opposite properties that can be felt by people: water includes the properties of cold and wet, fire includes the properties of dry and hot, and air includes the properties of hot and wet. , Soil includes wet and dry properties.
3. It can be inferred that the diversity of all things in the world is produced by the combination of these four properties (cold, hot, dry, and wet) in different proportions. Elements are formed in pairs from these primitive properties. of. His element-property theory became the guiding ideology of alchemy. He had the greatest impact in history.