1.？ Underground garage layout
If possible, it should be designed as a semi-basement, and the underground parking garage should be arranged centrally. The buried depth of the underground part of the semi-underground garage should be reduced as much as possible, and the load of greening and covering soil on the roof should be used to reduce or not use uplift piles, thus saving underground engineering quantity.
In the design of underground garage, we should make full use of the balance between water buoyancy and upper load to reduce the anti-floating of pile foundation, and control the minimum covering thickness required for greening planting and comprehensive pipeline embedding to reduce the buried depth of underground garage.
2.？ Selection of column grid size of underground garage
Considering parking efficiency, project cost and vehicle adaptability, the comprehensive optimal column network is 8. 1m*8. 1m, which is recommended for high-grade projects. Economic column network? 7.8m*8. 1m。 In order to save costs, it is suggested that most projects adopt this size, and at the same time, large-size parking spaces of 10% should be set to solve the parking problem of large vehicles. ?
According to the actual situation of the project, the short-span and small column spacing structural scheme can be adopted, especially in cities such as Hangzhou and Ningbo, which require higher parking space size, although the parking efficiency is relatively high in theory? 7.8m*8. 1m？ Scheme, bicycle area increase? About 1.5 square meter, the number of columns increases by nearly 50%, but the number of columns has little effect on the total cost, and the advantage is that the height can be reduced by 200 ~ 300.
In the engineering with complex geological conditions, high water level and poor foundation pit maintenance conditions, considerable excavation and foundation pit support costs can be saved, and the cost savings are remarkable. However, the selection of this column network can only be adopted after the economic comparison of specific basement schemes.
3. Optimal design of underground garage area
Optimal design method of centralized basement area;
(1) Use the most efficient parking unit for combination design. The efficient unit is the area with the smallest lane area and the highest parking efficiency, which is optimized through design and research. 4000 square meters (a fire zone) design module unit.
In the scheme planning and design stage, the comparison of basement adaptability schemes is increased, the basement parking standard is adopted, the basement conceptual scheme is designed, and the spacing between residential buildings is adjusted to avoid the problems of single-row arrangement of vehicles, passive utilization of underground space of towers, and insufficient reserved support spacing. ?
(2) Optimal parking layout design at the end of the garage: near-end parking layout, with two spans at the near end, which can park more than 7 vehicles. Therefore, it meets the requirements. 50? In the case of parking grouping and fire spacing requirements, terminal layout should be adopted as far as possible.
(3) Regularize the outline of the basement to reduce the invalid building area.
(4) Make full use of the corner space in the basement, and arrange the computer room and vertical traffic port.
(5) After meeting the grouping requirements (50? Car) layout of the parking lot, try to reduce the number of vertical channels; Fishbone arrangement is the most economical arrangement. ?
5. Lane width
(1) Ordinary straight:? The width of a driveway is 4 meters. If parking is considered, the minimum width of the driveway is 5.5 meters. The width of two lanes is 6m, and the parking mode is vertical backward parking.
(2) Garage entrance width: the width of one lane is 4m and the width of two lanes is 6m;
(3) Straight ramp: generally, the width of one lane is 4m; The single lane for fire evacuation is 4m; The width of the two-lane road is 6 meters, and the fire evacuation of the two-lane road is 7 meters;
(4) Curved ramp: Generally, the width of one lane is 4m and the width of two lanes is 7m. ?
6. Garage entrance and exit design
(1) garage entrance width, the minimum width stipulated by the state is 3.5m for one-way lane and 6m for two-way lane. According to the data commonly used in Vanke project design, it is 4m for one-way lane and 6m for two-way lane.
(2) The number of garage entrances and exits, parking number ≤50, and one-lane entrances and exits shall be set; 5 1 ~ 100 underground garage or 5 1 ~ 150 ground garage (including semi-underground garage), one two-lane entrance or exit, or two one-lane exits; > 100 underground garage with two one-way exits.
References:
Baidu encyclopedia-parking lot planning and design rules