Open classification: chemical industry
Acetone (commonly known as ACE in general factories), CH3COCH3, molecular weight 58.08, density 0.788 at 25℃, melting point -94℃, boiling point: 56.48℃, saturated vapor pressure (kPa): 53.32 (39.5℃), refractive index 1.38. It is a colorless and transparent liquid with a special pungent smell. Soluble in water and organic solvents such as methanol, ethanol, ether, chloroform and pyridine. Flammable, volatile and chemically active.
molecular structure
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C atoms on carbonyl groups in acetone molecules are bound by sp2 hybrid orbitals, and methyl C atoms are bound by sp3 hybrid orbitals.
Limit parameters: self-ignition point: 465℃ Explosion limit: 2.6%~ 12.8% Maximum explosion pressure: 87.3 N/cm2 Most easily ignitable concentration: 4.5 Maximum explosion pressure concentration: 6.3% Minimum ignition energy:1.15mj (4.97
The main production methods of acetone are isopropanol, cumene, fermentation, acetylene hydration and direct oxidation of propylene. At present, the industrial production of acetone in the world is mainly cumene method. Two-thirds of acetone in the world is a by-product of phenol preparation and one of the products of cumene oxidation. At present, the main patent manufacturers of this technology are Kellogg Brown &; Root Company, Mitsui Chemical Company and UOP Company.
Shounuo Company developed a technology to produce phenol by oxidizing benzene with nitrogen oxides, but last year it cancelled its plan to build a factory with this technology because the gross profit level was too low. Recently, Japanese researchers have also developed a one-step process for producing phenol and acetone from benzene with Europium-titanium catalyst.
Acetone is mainly used as a solvent in explosives, plastics, rubber, fiber, tanning, grease, paint and other industries, and can also be used as an important raw material for synthesizing ketene, acetic anhydride, iodoform, polyisoprene rubber, methacrylic acid, methyl ester, chloroform and epoxy resin.
Toxicity:
Acetone mainly inhibits and anesthetizes the central nervous system, and high concentration exposure may cause damage to the liver, kidney and pancreas of individuals. Because of its low toxicity and rapid metabolism and detoxification, acute poisoning rarely occurs under production conditions. Acute poisoning can cause vomiting, shortness of breath, convulsions and even coma. After oral administration, the lips and pharynx are burning, and after several hours of incubation, dry mouth, vomiting, lethargy, moderate acidosis and ketosis may occur, and even temporary disturbance of consciousness may occur. The long-term damage of acetone to human body is manifested as eye irritation symptoms such as tears, photophobia and corneal epithelial infiltration, as well as dizziness, burning sensation, throat irritation and cough.
1. Inhalation: the concentration below 500ppm has no effect; 500 ~ 1000ppm will irritate the nose and throat; At 1000 ppm, it will cause headache and dizziness. Dizziness, drunkenness, lethargy, nausea and vomiting may occur at 2000 ~ 10000 ppm, and high concentration may lead to unconsciousness, coma and death.
2. eye contact; The concentration of 500ppm will cause irritation, and 1000ppm will cause mild and temporary irritation. Liquid can produce toxic stimulation.
3, skin irritation: liquid will have mild irritation, and the risk caused by complete skin absorption is very small.
Oral; Irritating to the throat and stomach, taking a large amount will produce the same symptoms as inhalation.
4. Skin contact can lead to dryness, redness and chapping. Inhaling steam with the concentration of 1000ppm for 3 hours every day will stimulate the nasal cavity of workers who have been working for 7 ~ 15 years, making them dizzy and weak. High concentration of steam will affect the function of kidney and liver.
Counter-defense:
Highly flammable, with serious fire hazard, it belongs to Class A fire hazard substances. At room temperature, steam and air will form an explosive mixture.
Use dry powder, anti-solvent foam extinguishing agent, halogen extinguishing agent or carbon dioxide to extinguish the fire. Use water to cool containers exposed to fire and disperse acetone vapor.
Personal protection:
1. Inhalation: If the vapor concentration is unknown or exceeds the exposure limit, wear a suitable respirator.
2. Skin: gloves, work clothes and work shoes should be used when necessary, and butyl rubber should be used as the material. There should be safe shower and eye washing equipment in the direct workplace.
3. Eyes: If necessary, wear chemical splash-proof glasses and a mask.
Emergency rescue:
1. Inhalation: Leave the acetone source or move the patient to fresh air. If breathing stops, artificial respiration should be performed.
2. Eye contact: Open the eyelids and rinse the affected eyes with lukewarm and slowly flowing water for about 10 minutes.
3. Skin contact: Wash the affected area with warm water and slowly flowing water for at least 10 minute.
4, oral: rinse your mouth with water, do not induce vomiting, give the patient about 250ml of water.
5. All patients should seek medical treatment.
Storage and transportation:
Store acetone in a sealed container in a cool, dry and well-ventilated place, away from heat sources, fire sources and taboo substances. All containers should be placed on the ground. 160kg/barrel or tanker
Safety and operation:
Provide good ventilation equipment, protective clothing and breathing apparatus. Remove heat and fire sources. Leakage should be prevented or reduced. Absorb liquid with yellow sand or other absorbent. Waste can be burned in an approved solvent furnace or buried in a designated place, and comply with environmental protection laws and regulations.
CASNo.: 67-64- 1