Sample report on basic survey of farmers’ science and technology needs in Wulong County
With the continuous acceleration of the pace of rural economic structural adjustment, farmers’ planting industry structure has undergone tremendous changes. In order to further understand Farmers’ grain production level, technical level, practical problems existing in large-area production and farmers’ demand for technology have been clarified which agricultural technologies farmers in different ecological areas of our county need to grow which crops can increase their income. Through 20 surveys of 2 towns in the county The questionnaire method of individual farmers is used to obtain first-hand information. The purpose is to accurately understand the real technical needs of farmers in different ecological areas, different planting types, and different types of employment in rural areas of our county, and to explore the solutions for different ecological areas and different planting types. It is an effective form and way to provide technical services to the majority of farmers, and provides a basis for decision-making for the construction of agricultural technical teams and the reform of technology extension models, as well as for government functional decision-making departments. The investigation situation is now reported as follows:
1. Basic situation of the investigation:
In accordance with the specific requirements of the Chongqing Agricultural Technology Extension Station, our county selected representatives A total of 20 farmers in two towns, namely Xiangkou Town and Fenglai Township, were investigated. In each town, 1 large planting household, 2 village cadre households, 2 science and technology demonstration households, and 5 ordinary farmers were surveyed. A questionnaire survey is conducted on each type of farmers. During the survey, the investigators visited the survey site in person, took the initiative to find the heads of the farmers under investigation, adopted an interview method, and recorded the items one by one according to the contents of the questionnaire. After the original questionnaire is completed, it must be signed by the investigator and the farmers surveyed to confirm its validity.
Through the survey, 20 valid questionnaires were recovered (1) Among the survey respondents, 6 were under 35 years old, accounting for 30%, 12 were between 36 and 50 years old, accounting for 60%, and 2 were between 51 and 60 years old. Accounting for 10%; (2) Among the survey respondents, 18 male farmers are the first labor force in the family, accounting for 90%, and 2 are female, accounting for 10%. (3) The educational level of the first labor force in the family is: 3 people have a primary school education, accounting for 15%; 11 people have a junior high school education, accounting for 55%; and 6 people have a high school education, accounting for 30%. (4) The economic and ecological areas where they are located are all in the Southeast Chongqing Economic Zone; the geographical areas where the farmers are located are 17 households in low mountainous areas and 3 households in mid-to-high mountainous areas; 4 households with local altitudes below 400 meters, and 4 households between 400-600 meters. Households, 12 households at 600-900 meters. (5) Household population compositions vary. Among the surveyed households, there is 1 household with less than 3 persons, 11 households with 3-4 persons, 7 households with 5-6 persons, and 1 household with more than 6 persons.
2. Survey results
(1) The status of farmland resources of farmers:
Among the 20 farmers surveyed, none had less than 0.5 acres of arable land per capita. Those with per capita cultivated land of 0.5-1.0 acres account for 35%, those with per capita cultivated land of 1.1-2.0 acres account for 55%, and those with per capita cultivated land of more than 2.0 acres account for 10%. The per capita land of 40% of farmers has decreased, the land area of ??5% of farmers has increased, and the per capita land of 55% of farmers has not changed. The reasons for the decrease of per capita land of 40% of farmers are: 25% of farmers are returning farmland to forests, and 10% are due to construction. Land acquisition, 65% due to other reasons.
(2) Food and labor issues. 90% of the 20 households surveyed are not worried about food shortage at home, but only 10% are worried about food shortage. During the busy farming season, 65% of farmers said they are short of labor, and 35% answered that they are not short of labor. Among households that are short of labor, during the busy farming season, 30% of households need to hire workers, 55% need to find other workers, and 15% use agricultural machinery to deal with the labor shortage problem; almost 100% of the respondents answered that they can manage their existing land , however, managing your own land is just for food rations, and you cannot get rich by growing food. Due to the hard work of farming, high investment and low output, 90% of farmers are unwilling to farm at home.
(4) Investment in planting industry: Input in grain production: Among all inputs, farmers’ investment in chemical fertilizers is much higher than that in other agricultural production materials. Among the 20 households surveyed, , except for two large planting households, each household invested 1,041 yuan in fertilizers; 192 yuan in seeds; 97 yuan in pesticides; and 158 yuan in agricultural film. Pesticide input is the most volatile, with considerable differences in input amounts in different years, different regions, and different farmers.
(5) Farmers’ demand for agricultural science and technology information
At present, the issue that farmers are most concerned about is the price of agricultural inputs accounting for 50% and the price of agricultural products accounting for 35%, followed by the lack of Labor; the most needed technology is field cultivation management technology accounting for 55%, followed by new varieties, pest control and scientific fertilization technology; the most popular agricultural technology among farmers is soil testing and formula fertilization accounting for 50%, followed by pest control technology accounting for 20% %, the third is no-till cultivation and simple preservation and storage technology of agricultural products; the rural policies that are most concerned about are direct seed subsidies accounting for 60% and agricultural product price protection accounting for 35%; the agricultural information that is most concerned about is agricultural and rural policies accounting for 40%, followed by Agricultural product market conditions and planting management techniques each accounted for 30%; 100% of farmers answered that they knew the difference between organic fertilizers and chemical fertilizers; 60-90% of farmers answered that they could not identify true and false fertilizers, seeds and pesticides; 90% of farmers answered Everyone who cares about the quality and safety of agricultural products for sale knows to use as little or no pesticides as possible; 60% of farmers know the safe intervals between pesticide use. 35% of farmers know the types of pesticides that are restricted and banned by the state.
60% of farmers obtain agricultural technology through agricultural technicians; 15% obtain it through their own TV, magazines, etc.; 10% obtain it through exchanges with neighbors. 15% passed training courses or on-site demonstrations. Are they satisfied with local agricultural technicians: 85% are satisfied or basically satisfied; 15% rarely see agricultural technicians or have no impression of agricultural technicians.
(6. Farmers’ income: The income of most farmers’ families includes three major parts, and the three major parts of income complement each other. For the mainstream farmers we surveyed, their family income generally includes three major parts, namely Income from planting, breeding, other things, and working. Those who rely on farming account for 40%, those who rely on other income account for 20%, and those who rely on working on the side account for 15%. Therefore, it shows that most farmers can survive. To live a prosperous life, we mainly rely on the planting industry and the breeding industry. The income from the breeding industry is part of the conversion of the planting industry. If the harvest of the planting industry is not good, the breeding industry will be greatly affected. Therefore, farmers account for a relatively high proportion of their income from farming at home. Among the 20 households surveyed, 95% of the farmers are unwilling to work at home if they can find a job in the city. The per capita annual income of % of farmers' families has exceeded 1,500-4,000 yuan.
3. Survey analysis:
The survey results show that farmers are most concerned about "agricultural and rural policies" and "agricultural product prices." "Protection" proves that farmers want the country to implement the strictest price protection measures for agricultural products. Agriculture is a weak industry, the most basic industry, and an irreplaceable industry. Farmers are the most basic group and the most vulnerable group. The most important thing is to solve the problem of people's food problems. The Party Central Committee proposed to build a new socialist countryside, which is to improve the appearance of our country's rural areas and farmers. Improving farmers' income is the most basic issue. To increase farmers' income, agricultural products Price protection is the most fundamental measure.
The survey found that farmers’ understanding of the quality and safety of agricultural products has also improved, and they know that the first factor affecting the quality and safety of agricultural products is the rational and effective use of pesticides, fertilizers, and feed. Most farmers have consciously stopped using pesticides or used less pesticides, such as additives. However, some farmers do not know the types of pesticides that are restricted or banned by the state, which inevitably leads to farmers mistakenly purchasing restricted or banned pesticides at all levels. Agricultural administrative law enforcement departments should intensify efforts to rectify the order of the agricultural input market, ensure that farmers use safe and efficient fertilizers, pesticides, and seeds, and prevent the occurrence of arbitrary price increases in the agricultural input market, fake and inferior agricultural inputs that deprive farmers, and harm farmers.
The survey also shows that with the continuous improvement and deepening of the socialist market economic system, especially the introduction of the central government’s policy of building a new socialist countryside, various forms of support for agriculture, benefiting farmers, supporting agriculture, and industry have provided feedback. Agricultural policies have been introduced one after another, farmers have benefited, and the economic income of farmers' families has shown an increase. This has formed farmers' awareness. The per capita net income of families shown in this survey has increased much more than before.
4. Investigation conclusion:
Grassroots agricultural technical service organizations are mainly township-level agricultural technical service centers and are an important part of township institutions.
First, agricultural technology extension work must adhere to the "farmer-oriented" extension service concept, strengthen communication with farmers, be farmers' close friends, care about and understand farmers' production and living needs, and discuss issues of concern with farmers' friends. To solve problems, we should constantly improve the agricultural information service system, expand information channels, teach practical technologies, solve problems for farmers, improve farmers' technical capabilities and quality, gain the trust of farmers, and enable agricultural scientific and technological achievements to be transformed into real productivity as soon as possible. Second, there are three aspects of information that farmers need most: purchasing information, selling information and scientific and technological information. When providing agricultural technology extension services, we must take into account the different needs of different types of farmers, carry out targeted technical training, provide classified guidance, and strive to improve their own production capabilities. Third, under the conditions of market economy, on the one hand, farmers cannot plant and breed without the dynamic information of agricultural and animal husbandry production, market information of agricultural products and animal husbandry products, technical information of planting and breeding, and technical information of disaster prevention and relief. On the other hand, the agricultural department All kinds of information cannot be transmitted to farmers' minds in a timely and effective manner, which can be used to guide specific production and operation activities, affecting information transmission. There are two main factors: on the one hand, it is the problem of farmers themselves, for example, they are not good at actively communicating with the outside world and not good at conscientiously and effectively using multiple channels to obtain useful information; on the other hand, it is the problem of external conditions, which is a The very important reasons are mainly as follows: the hardware facilities for rural information dissemination are backward, the information content of the mass media has a tendency to obviously ignore rural farmers, and the information service system that should be provided by the public security department is not perfect. Fourth, government departments should give strong support to information services for agricultural production and operation, especially technical information services; while increasing technical services, township agricultural service departments should strengthen the transmission of agricultural and animal husbandry information, and provide farmers with the information they need. Policy information, technical information, new variety information, new cultivation technology information, new breeding technology information, new management technology information, production dynamic information, market information, and public opinion information are collected, organized, and transmitted in a targeted manner. Fifth, farmers believe that the most effective technical services and the most acceptable methods are: technical personnel going to the countryside for specific guidance and holding various technical training courses. Therefore, direct guidance from professional and technical personnel is indispensable and crucial. link.
In short, judging from the results of the survey on farmers’ demand for science and technology services, agricultural technicians often go deep into the front line of agricultural production to provide technical guidance, and setting up demonstration sites and demonstration households are the most effective ways to disseminate agricultural technology and provide innovative services. Mechanism should be concerned about farmers' concerns, think about farmers' thoughts, and provide farmers with needs. Strengthen communication, do more publicity, provide good training, pay close attention to demonstrations, provide practical guidance, straighten out the mechanism for the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, shorten the technology dissemination chain, and thus make it more efficient. Haodi provides effective technical services to farmers. , Report on the basic investigation of farmers’ science and technology needs in Wulong County;