Porcelain kilns in Song Dynasty first popularized Ru kilns, official kilns, old kilns, Jun kilns and Ding kilns. Later, people called it "the five famous kilns in Song Dynasty"
Ruyao
Ruyao was an official kiln established in Song Huizong at the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, which lasted less than 20 years. It is the first of the "five famous kilns". Ruyao is mainly celadon, and its glaze colors are pink, bean green, egg green and shrimp green. Ruyao porcelain has thin matrix, thick glaze layer, jade texture and extremely thin glaze. Ruyao porcelain was fired separately in Zhi Ding, leaving tiny traces of Zhi Ding at the bottom of the porcelain. The upper carcass of the utensil itself is thin, the tire mud is extremely fine, and it is fragrant gray. It is made regularly and has a solemn and generous shape. The vessels are mostly modeled after ancient bronzes, mainly washing, furnace, image and plate. There are less than 100 works handed down from ancient times in Ruyao, which is very precious. Ruyao porcelain is most praised for its glaze color. Later generations commented that "its color is white, such as fat accumulation, but the crowded eyes in the juice are hidden like crab claws, and sesame seeds earn needles at the bottom." It can be seen that the celadon fired by Ru kiln has a unique charm and is recommended as the first of the five kilns, worthy of the name.
Official supplies
The official kiln was built in Bianliang, the capital of Song Huizong, and no kiln site has been found so far. Official kilns mainly burn celadon. During the Daguan period, the official kiln was famous for firing celadon. The main types of containers are bottles, statues, washings, plates and bowls, as well as pots, stoves, utensils and utensils that imitate Zhou and Han bronzes. The shape of the vessel usually has an elegant palace style. The choice of raw materials and glaze color for porcelain firing are also very particular. Glaze colors are moonlight and pink green, which are the most popular. The carcass of official porcelain is thick, the azure glaze is slightly pink, and the glaze has large stripes. This is due to the different expansion coefficients of tire and glaze after heating. This is a typical feature of official kiln porcelain in the Northern Song Dynasty. The porcelain of the official kiln in the Northern Song Dynasty has been handed down from generation to generation, which is very rare and precious. The official kiln porcelain in Song Dynasty not only pays attention to the texture, but also pursues the beauty of glaze color. Its thick glazed plain porcelain has few decorative patterns, mainly decorated with glaze colors, such as azure, pink, beige and putty. Generally, the glaze layer is thick and there are many cracks on the glaze surface. This kind of crack is very different from that of Geyao at the same time. Generally speaking, the official kiln has large ice cracks with thick glaze and small fragments with thin glaze, and Ge kiln is best at fine caviar patterns.
Ge Yao
Ge kiln, the exact kiln site has not been found so far. According to historical legend, Zhang Shengyi and Zhang Sheng built a kiln in Chuzhou and Longquan County, Zhejiang Province. The kiln built by my brother is called "Ge Kiln", and the kiln built by my brother is called "Di Kiln", also known as Zhang Kiln and Longquan Kiln. Some experts believe that the Geyao porcelain handed down in the palace was actually fired by the official kiln in the Southern Song Dynasty. The main feature of Ge kiln is that there are large and small irregular lobes on the glaze, commonly known as "lobes" or "wenwu tablets". As small as roe, it is called "roe pattern", while the curved slice is called "crab claw pattern", and the same size is called "hundred pieces". The texture of the small grain is golden yellow, and the texture of the big grain is iron black, so it is called "gold wire". Among them, the porcelain imitating the official kiln in the Northern Song Dynasty is black, and there are also "purple mouths and iron feet". The tire color is black, dark gray, light gray and khaki, the glaze color is opaque and opaque, and the glaze color is mainly grayish blue. Common uses include stoves, bottles, bowls, dishes, washing, etc. They are all exquisite in texture and fine in workmanship, and they are all the styles of palace porcelain, which are very different from those of folk kiln porcelain. The porcelain handed down from Geyao has not been unearthed in the tomb of Song Dynasty, and its kiln site has not been found, so researchers generally believe that the porcelain handed down from Geyao belongs to official kiln porcelain.
Junyao
Jun kilns are divided into official kilns and folk kilns. Guan Jun Kiln is the second official kiln in Song Huizong after Ru Kiln. Jun kilns are widely distributed in Yuxian County (now Zhou Jun), so they are named Jun kilns. Baguadong Kiln and Juntai Kiln in the county are the most famous, firing all kinds of royal porcelain. Jun porcelain was fired twice, the first time was plain firing, glazed after coming out of the kiln, and then fired. The glaze color of Jun porcelain is unique and ever-changing. Red, blue, cyan, white and purple blend together and look like clouds. Poets in the Song Dynasty once praised it as "the sunset is purple, and the green suddenly turns blue". This is because the ingredients are mixed with copper vapor in the firing process, which is an artistic effect. This is a great invention in the history of porcelain making in China, and it is called "kiln change". Because the glaze layer of Jun porcelain is thick, the glaze naturally flows to fill the cracks during the firing process, and regular flowing lines are formed after coming out of the kiln, which is very similar to the traces of earthworm crawling in the soil, so it is called "earthworm walking in the mud". Jun kiln porcelain is mainly aimed at the demand of "Huashi class" in the late Northern Song Dynasty, and flowerpots are the best.
Ding Yao
Ding kiln is a folk kiln. Ding kiln mainly burns white porcelain, which is delicate, thin and shiny, and the glaze is as smooth as jade. Ding kiln not only burns white glaze, but also burns black glaze, blue glaze and sauce glaze. Disks and bowls are the most sculpted, followed by plum bottles, pillows and boxes. It is common to carve the words "Fenghua", "Juxiu", "Cifu" and "Guan" on the bottom of the vessel. Dishes and bowls have the characteristics of raw edges due to burning and tearing due to drooping glaze. There are various patterns, such as flowers carved with a knife, embroidery carved with a needle, "bamboo silk brush pattern" and "tear pattern" made by special effects, and so on. The words "official" and "staff sergeant's bureau" were found in the unearthed Ding kiln porcelain, indicating that some products of Ding kiln were fired for the official and the court.
What are the five famous kilns in Song Dynasty?
The culture of Song Dynasty was at an unprecedented level in the ancient society of China. Song porcelain is an important part of Song Wenhua and a wonderful flower of Song Wenhua. In the overseas trade at that time, Song porcelain became a world-famous brand commodity. Porcelain in Song Dynasty can be divided into folk kilns, official kilns and northern and southern regions.
The so-called official kiln is a kiln run by the central government, which is specially produced for the palace and the royal family. The so-called folk kiln is a kiln operated by the people to produce folk porcelain. Official kiln porcelain, regardless of cost, strives for perfection. The location and manufacturing process of the kiln site are strictly confidential and the technology is exquisite. Most porcelain handed down from ancient times are rare treasures. As for folk kilns, at that time, producers valued practicality and use value, and producers had to consider the cost, so the materials were not as exquisite as official kilns. However, it is not without exquisite artistic products. Throughout the porcelain altar in the Song Dynasty, the folk kilns are colorful, which complement each other with the official kilns and become a spectacle.
Porcelain kilns in Song Dynasty first popularized Ru kilns, official kilns, old kilns, Jun kilns and Ding kilns. Later people called it "the five famous kilns in Song Dynasty".
The difference between the Northern Song Dynasty official kiln and the Southern Song Dynasty official kiln
Generally speaking, the difference is not very big. The official kilns in the Northern Song Dynasty only started to be burned on a large scale during the Song Huizong period, so the time interval between them to the Southern Song Dynasty was very short. Moreover, the people in the Southern Song Dynasty followed the old system of the Northern Song Dynasty in porcelain burning and tried to restore the legacy of the Northern Song Dynasty, so the difference between them was not obvious.
But generally speaking, there are still some differences between the identification of official kiln porcelain in the Northern Song Dynasty and that in the Southern Song Dynasty. It mainly includes two points: first, the carcass is thicker in the Northern Song Dynasty and thinner in the Southern Song Dynasty; Secondly, due to the thin glaze of the official kiln in the Southern Song Dynasty, the "purple mouth and iron foot" of the official kiln in the Southern Song Dynasty is more obvious than that in the Northern Song Dynasty.
The so-called "purple iron foot" refers to the thin glaze layer on the edge of the mouth, which is slightly lighter than the black tire, and the unglazed part of the foot presents tire color like iron. According to these two methods, they can be roughly distinguished.
The official kiln porcelain of the Northern Song Dynasty was made of lime glaze. Monotonous The thin glaze matrix is thicker than that of the Southern Song Dynasty. Thin glaze often reveals the true color of the carcass, which is called purple mouth, and black exposed tire is called iron foot.
Porcelain in the Southern Song Dynasty is rich in color, and Ru Guan Kiln pursues clear glaze color. Ge kiln pursues ice-cracked iron wire, while Jun kiln enters the kiln the same way. The kiln is rich in color, and the Ding kiln is white porcelain with various patterns and awns. This is the difference between the two, and we can start from this point when identifying them.
Characteristics of Five Kilns Porcelain in Song Dynasty
I have answered this question before!
The five famous kilns in Song Dynasty are Song Guan Kiln, Ding Kiln, Ru Kiln, Jun Kiln and Ge Kiln.
Official kilns in Song Dynasty include those in Northern Song Dynasty and Southern Song Dynasty. The official kiln in the Northern Song Dynasty is also called Bianjing Official Kiln. The Southern Song Dynasty official kiln was a new kiln established in Hangzhou after the Song Dynasty moved south. The products of official kilns in the Southern Song Dynasty are mostly washings and bowls, generally without decorative patterns, and mostly cut in an open way, but they are different from Ru kilns and Ge kilns. There are also products with thin blank and thick glaze.
Ding kiln is a famous white porcelain kiln after Xing kiln. It belongs to Dingzhou in Song Dynasty, so it was named Ding kiln. It started at the end of the Tang Dynasty and eventually burned in the Yuan Dynasty. Ding kilns in Song Dynasty mainly burned white porcelain, but also blue glaze, black glaze and brown glaze. The first method of overburning. Ding kiln wins with colorful decorative patterns, and neat and elegant printing fixtures have always been regarded as treasures in ceramic art.
Ruyao site is located in Linru (now Ruzhou), Henan Province. Linru belonged to Ruzhou in Song Dynasty, hence the name Ruyao, which is a famous porcelain kiln in China. The exact kiln site of Ru kiln has not been found so far, only porcelain has been handed down from generation to generation. Ru kiln is famous for firing green glazed porcelain. Ye Jian, a poet in the Song Dynasty, recorded in Tan Zhai: "The white porcelain porcelain enamel in Dingzhou in this dynasty was useless, which made Ruzhou a green kiln, so it was well known to Tang, Deng and Yaozhou in Hebei Province, with Ruzhou as the head." Ru Kiln mainly fired palace porcelain, which took only 20 years from northern Song Zhezong to Hui Zong, so it was one of the most famous kilns in Song Dynasty.
Jun Kiln is located in Yuzhou City, Henan Province. It belonged to Zhou Jun in ancient times, hence its name. It was burned in the Northern Song Dynasty and flourished at the end of the Northern Song Dynasty. Jun kiln belongs to the northern celadon system, which is unique in that it uses kiln color-changing glaze, and the burned glaze is blue and reddish. There are twists and turns in the glaze, which is also one of the characteristics of Jun glaze. The bottom of the utensils used in the court is engraved with numbers from one to ten, such as pots, brackets, statues, etc.
Ge kiln is famous for its stripes, which are mostly black, commonly known as "gold wire". According to the color, there are: eel blood, black-blue, light yellow caviar patterns; Divided by shape; Mesh pattern, plum blossom pattern, fine lines, etc. The general characteristics of the mouth of Ge kiln are: flat and tight, and the grain is divided into tight top and wide bottom; Black stripes sometimes flash blue. There are many Ge Kilns handed down from ancient times, but the site of Ge Kiln has not been found so far, which is a big unsolved case in the history of China ceramics.
What is the value geometry of official kiln porcelain in Song Dynasty?
Official kilns were some porcelain specially burned for the court in Song Gaozong period of Southern Song Dynasty, which was commonly known as "official kilns" at that time.
trick recognition
The products of (1) are thin-tire glazed celadon and thin-tire thick-glaze celadon, with loose fetal quality and purple-gray.
(2) Thin-tire glazed celadon is made of Zhi Ding, with full glaze color and 3 to 4 or more Zhi Ding marks on the outsole.
(3) Thin-tire glazed celadon is fired with pad cakes, and the glaze is opaque. The glaze color is mainly pink blue, but also light yellow and bluish gray, with rare decorative patterns and purple mouth and iron foot.
(4) There are bowls, plates, washing utensils, bottles, stoves, etc. , while antique bronze and jade are more common.
First of all, the official kiln porcelain depends on the type, quantity and appearance of porcelain, which will affect its value and price.
Jingdezhen Wang Zhanggui recorded some auction records of official kiln porcelain:
Deep-bellied bowls in the official kilns in Song and Northern Song Dynasties were 207 million 20 12- 12-28.
Imperial Kiln Washing in Zhanggong Lane in Northern Song Dynasty: 13,100000, 20 12-06-03.
The octagonal plate with green glaze in the Southern Song Dynasty official kiln 1 1, 388,000,2015-04-07
Oval washing of official kilns in Song and Northern Song Dynasties was 92 million yuan, 20 12- 12-28.
Oval washing of official kilns in Song and Northern Song Dynasties: 74.75 million yuan 20 14-06-08
67.5275 million bottles of Southern Song Dynasty official kiln green glaze paper 2008-04- 1 1
The Southern Song Dynasty official kiln has three ears and three feet with pink blue glaze, 42 million 20 1 1-05-28.
I hope it will help you, and I hope it will be adopted. Thank you.
How to identify the characteristics of official kiln porcelain in Song Dynasty?
Official Kiln in Song Dynasty: Official Kiln products are exclusively for the court. Mainly used for palace life porcelain and display porcelain. There are bowls, plates, saucers, lamp holders, washing supplies, bottles, stoves, statues and so on. There are also many styles in the official kilns that have been passed down to this day. Take bottles as an example, there are string bottles, straight neck bottles, melon ridge bottles, ear-opening bottles, gallbladder bottles, octagonal bottles, pan-mouth bottles and so on. , each with its own characteristics. Today, most of the handed down products of the official kiln are collected in the Palace Museum in Beijing and the Palace Museum in Taiwan, and a few fine products were lost abroad in the early years.
Characteristics of official kiln porcelain:
1. There is no word "official" in Song Imperial Kiln.
Some porcelain with the word "official" on the market are obviously fakes. There is no "official" style in the official kiln porcelain of Song Dynasty, because the official kiln porcelain of Song Dynasty is monochromatic glaze. In addition, the official kiln porcelain is only for royal use, so there is generally no "official" style.
2. The normal firing method was widely used in official kilns in the Northern Song Dynasty. Most of them are exposed in a straight circle, and several of them are burned with Zhi Ding in full glaze. Its Zhi Ding is different from the sesame in Ru kiln, and it is round and millet-shaped. The number of Zhi Ding is more than that in Ru kiln, with 3, 4, 5 and 6 pieces, both odd and even.
3. The official kiln in the Northern Song Dynasty has thick glaze, fine enamel, smooth glaze and milky white as jade. Because the firing temperature is slightly higher than that of Ru kiln, the texture of glazed glass is slightly stronger than that of Ru kiln. The glaze color is sky blue and elegant turquoise, and there are many kinds of glaze colors, such as pink, emerald and moonlight. There are sparse openings on the glaze, and the openings are light yellow, which is unique to this kiln mouth.
4. In order to make the glaze more gorgeous and the combination of fetal glaze stronger, a layer of deep sauce-colored fetal glaze is often brushed on the fetal bone before glazing. Anyone who brushes the tire glaze will show black sauce at the exposed tire of the feet after firing, and the edge of the mouth will also show lavender due to the glaze flow, which is what we usually call "purple iron feet".
Identification method:
One is the difference of enamel.
The enamel color of the official kiln in Song Dynasty is thick, crisp and bright, with jade texture. Under-glaze bubble particles are large and bright, with dense accumulation, such as historical data "gathering foam to save beads". The glaze color is mostly pink, azure and fried rice yellow. The glaze layer of Yongzheng imitation Song official kiln is thin, the bubbles under the glaze are small and sparse, and the glaze is mostly transparent, bright and moist. Glaze colors are mostly bean green, gray blue, moonlight white, and some are even close to bright white.
The second is the difference of stripes.
There are two patterns on the official kilns in Song Dynasty: large and small. The pattern on the big pattern is long and thick. The pattern on some porcelains is in the warp direction from top to bottom, hanging like a cow hair on the ass, so it is called "cow hair pattern". Even a small piece of porcelain has several long and thick lines. The colors of the lines are mostly eel blood, roe yellow, ink color and putty, and eel blood is the top grade. Yongzheng imitated the official kilns of the Song Dynasty, most of which were small pieces, with little difference in the thickness of grain marks. So far, there is no cow hair pattern. The stripe color is monotonous, basically black or light black.
The third is the difference in tire color.
The tire color of the official kiln in Song Dynasty is gray-black or dark gray (purple-gray), so it is called "black tire". The formation of its famous "purple mouth and iron feet" feature is entirely caused by tire color. The tire color of Yongzheng imitation Song kiln is white, grayish white and light gray, so it is impossible to form purple mouth and iron foot at the thin glaze and exposed tire.
The fourth is the difference between feet.
There are two kinds of official kiln wares in Song Dynasty: full-glazed foot-binding branch burning and bare-foot pad burning. The former has traces of Zhi Ding at the bottom, while the latter has bare feet and iron feet, with rough pedicures and no clues at the bottom. In addition to the sauce glaze on the foot, the repair of the foot of Yongzheng imitation Song kiln is very fine and regular.
Fifth, use potassium permanganate to "steal the light"
The surface of the new porcelain is very bright, which is called "thief light" in the jargon. At present, the most commonly used polishing method is to soak in hydrofluoric acid for half an hour, and then wrap it in potassium permanganate and mud for one hour. The porcelain treated in this way has an "old" feeling. Identification method: touch, have the feeling of holding hands; Smell it. It tastes sour.
Six new pieces of porcelain were smashed and sold.
Many people think that collecting porcelain pieces will not be fake, so some merchants have come up with new tricks to smash the whole piece of new porcelain and sell porcelain pieces. Therefore, don't think that being a porcelain will be fine. There is also a forgery method, which breaks porcelain and then sticks it together as if it were old things. Collectors have high eyesight and counterfeiters have many means, so we should be vigilant.
Five official kilns-Song Dynasty official kilns What are the four official kilns in Song Dynasty, and which official kiln has no porcelain?
The five famous kilns in Song Dynasty were Ru kiln, Guan kiln, Jun kiln, Ge kiln and Ding kiln, and the porcelain produced was exquisite.
In the late Zhou Dynasty, Zhao Kuangyin seized power and established the Bianliang, which was called the Northern Song Dynasty in history. Porcelain in Song Dynasty was the heyday of China, and "Song Porcelain" was also famous all over the world.
Ding Kiln, Ru Kiln, Guan Kiln, Ge Kiln and Jun Kiln are five famous kilns, which are beautiful in shape, elegant and dignified, not only surpassing the achievements of predecessors, but even the imitations of later generations are hard to reach. Ding kiln Ding kiln is also called Fending. Ding Kiln is located in Lingshan Town, Quyang County, Hebei Province. It was called Dingzhou in ancient times, so it is called Ding Kiln. It is the best kiln to produce white porcelain after Xing Kiln in Tang Dynasty.
Ding kiln glaze is divided into Beiding and Nanding. After the Song Dynasty moved south, some arrived in Jingdezhen and some in Jizhou, which was called Nanding. The glaze produced in Jingdezhen is powdery, also known as powder.
Ding kiln also has red ding, purple ding and black ding. General decorative techniques include carving, printing, carving and other patterns. Its production is exquisite, the lines are smooth, the fetal quality is firm and thin, showing milky white or ivory color, with many dishes and thin and round tires.
In order to avoid firing deformation, multiple firing is adopted, and then metal is set as the edge. Ruyao Ruyao in Linru County, Henan Province is the first famous celadon kiln in the north. It takes a short time and a small quantity to fire palace supplies.
The shape of the vessel is simple, but the glaze color is warm and soft, like sheep fat jade in a semi-dull state. The decorative techniques of Ding kiln and Yue kiln are intercepted, forming a unique artistic style. The late Linru kiln is called Linru kiln. Among them, the name "Fenghua" is the hall number of Song Gaozong Liu Fei, and some people say it was carved by later generations.
Jun Kiln Jun Kiln is located in Yuxian County, Henan Province. It was called Juntai in ancient times and Zhou Jun in Ming Dynasty, hence the name Jun Kiln, which has not been handed down from generation to generation and is highly appraised. Jun Kiln was founded in Tang Dynasty, and experienced the Song, Jin and Yuan Dynasties. It has exquisite tire quality, gorgeous glaze color and various types. There are rose purple, begonia red, eggplant purple, sky blue, rouge, vermilion, fiery red and kiln change.
There are many kinds of utensils, but flowerpots are the best. Numbers from one to ten are engraved on the bottom of the vessel. According to legend, the singular number of one, three, five and six is red, and the plural number of two, four and six is cyan. However, some people say that the smaller the number, the larger the size of the utensils, which is just a mark made by the kiln for easy identification.
The official kiln was built in the capital of song dynasty during the Daguan period and the Zhenghe period. Its characteristic is that the glaze of celadon is crystal clear, cracked or icy, and the powder is blue and purple. In the Song Dynasty, it moved south, and an official kiln was set up in △ Huangshan Mountain, also known as Xiunei Temple official kiln or inner kiln. The official kiln under the suburban altar has many shapes, large vessels and a diameter of more than one foot.
The founder of Geyao Geyao is the brother of Zhang, a native of Chuzhou, Zhejiang. Brother Shengyi Zhang burned the Ge Kiln, and brother Zhang Sheng burned Yao Di, also known as Longquan Kiln or Zhang Yao. The main feature of Ge kiln is glaze cracking, which is caused by the different shrinkage rates of glaze and tire. Some are called caviar crab claw patterns, and some are called 100 pieces.
The glaze is pink blue and beige, and bubbles appear in the glaze. The porcelain tire is dark brown with a brown edge at the mouth edge, which is called "purple iron foot". Longquan kiln Longquan kiln glaze is green, mostly pink blue in the Northern Song Dynasty and onion blue in the Southern Song Dynasty. Without opening the piece at the turning point of the vessel, it is often fetal in color, with thick glaze and few carvings and scratches on the decorative pattern. However, decals and reliefs are very popular. For example, there are often Pisces patterns on the plate and peony patterns on the bottle.
The porcelain industry reached its peak in the Song Dynasty. Besides the five famous kilns mentioned above, Pingyang Kiln in Pingyang, Shanxi, Yaozhou Kiln in Yaozhou, Shaanxi, Jian 'an Kiln in Fujian and Jizhou Kiln in Jizhou, Jiangxi also produced quite good porcelain. Cizhou Kiln, located in today's Cixian County, Hebei Province, is the center of large kiln industry in northern China, which is highly valued by Japanese. A large number of porcelains have been sold to Japan in the past dynasties, and there is a reason why the Japanese also call porcelain porcelain.
"Song porcelain" is famous all over the world. What are the five famous kilns in Song Dynasty?
Ru kiln, official kiln, Ge kiln, Jun kiln and Ding kiln.
Ru Ci is the first of the five famous kilns, located in Qingliangsi Village, Daying Town, Baofeng County, Henan Province, and belongs to Ruzhou in the Song Dynasty. The area of Ru kiln discovered by archaeological excavation is about 250,000 square meters, which was quite large at that time. In fact, the firing of Ru kilns began in the early Song Dynasty, especially in the late Northern Song Dynasty.
The official kilns in Song Dynasty were directly built by the government, which were divided into the official kilns in Northern Song Dynasty and Southern Song Dynasty. The official kiln in the Northern Song Dynasty began to burn in Song Huizong in the late Northern Song Dynasty, and the specific kiln site has not been found so far. After Song Gaozong crossed the south, a new kiln was built in Lin 'an (now Hangzhou), one of which was "internal kiln", and then a new kiln was built in the suburban altar. According to the analysis, "Xiunei Temple Official Kiln" is located at the foot of Phoenix Mountain in Hangzhou, while "Jiaotan Official Kiln" is located in Wugui Mountain in Hangzhou. In order to distinguish, the official kilns in the Northern Song Dynasty were called "old officials" and those in the Southern Song Dynasty were called "new officials". Among them, "old officials" are heavy, while "new officials" are light and thin.
Ge kiln is similar to the official kiln, with purple mouth and iron feet, but its kiln site is still unknown, and there are differences in academic circles about its firing age. Some people think that it is not the Song Dynasty, but the Yuan Dynasty.
The main firing periods of Jun kiln are Song Dynasty, Jin Dynasty and Yuan Dynasty, but some scholars believe that the furnishings porcelain which is now named Guan Jun kiln in Song Dynasty was fired during the reign of Yongle Xuande in the early Ming Dynasty. Jun Kiln can be divided into Guan Jun Kiln and Jun Kiln, and Guan Jun Kiln is located in Yuzhou City (formerly known as Zhou Jun).
Among the five famous kilns in Song Dynasty, Ru kiln, Guan kiln and Ge kiln are all celadon. Although Jun kiln also belongs to celadon, it is not dominated by cyan. The colors of Jun kiln are rose purple, sky blue and moonlight white. Experts pointed out that the successful launch of "Jun Hong" opened a new realm.
Ding Kiln was the first kiln in the Northern Song Dynasty to burn imperial palace porcelain, and it was also the only kiln among the five famous kilns in the Song Dynasty to burn white porcelain. Ding Yao Kiln is located in Quyang, Hebei Province.