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1. Early and mid-maturing series varieties
1. Meng
Japanese varieties, whose parents are Gala × Fuji, which are An early ripening apple variety.
(1) Fruit economic traits: Fruits are nearly round or flat. The average fruit weight is 160g, with the maximum weight being 220g. The background color of the fruit surface is yellow-green, the surface stripes are all red, the natural coloring is above 57, and there is fruit rust. The fruit stalk is slender. There are slight ridges on the top of the fruit. The peel is thin, tough and dull. Medium waxy. The flesh is white, tender, crisp, sour in taste, with a soluble solid content of 13.1, a hardness of 7.5kg/cm2, a light aroma, and a good taste. The fruit matures around July 10th.
(2) Growth and fruiting habits: moderate power and open posture. The germination ability is medium, the branching ability is strong, long, medium and short fruit branches can bear fruit, and there is no fruit drop before harvesting. It is more resistant to leaf spot disease, anthracnose and ring-spot disease. The fruit growth period is short and requires high fertilizer and water conditions in the early stage.
2. Fujimaki No. 1
Originally produced in the United States, it was co-bred by three universities including Illinois State University in the United States. The parentage is unknown. It was introduced and patented in Japan in the early 1980s. It has good early-fruiting and high-yield properties, and has great potential to seize the market during the maturity period. It is an excellent early-maturing apple variety.
(1) Fruit economic traits: The fruit is long or garden-shaped, with a fruit shape index of 0.88-1.06. The average fruit weight is 215g, and the maximum fruit weight is 325g. The stem is short, with depressions on the stem and shallow calyx. The background color of the fruit is yellow-green, most of the fruit surface has red clouds and wide stripes, and the fully colored fruit can reach full red; the fruit surface is smooth, with more wax, fruit powder, small and sparse fruit spots, and the fruit surface is clean and beautiful. The flesh is yellow-white, crispy, juicy, sweet and sour in flavor, aromatic, soluble solids 11.2-12.6, hardness 7.7kg/cm2. In terms of quality. The fruit matures from July 10th to 15th.
(2) Growth and fruiting habits: strong tree vigor, upright tree posture, high germination power, medium branching power, and early fruiting. Mainly fruits are produced on short fruiting branches, with more axillary flower buds, high fruiting rate from inflorescences, and high yield. The fruits have different maturity periods and are not storage-resistant. Strong adaptability and good cold resistance. More resistant to anthracnose, mold heart disease, and powdery mildew.
3. Zaohongxia
A new early-maturing apple variety selected by the Shaanxi Provincial Fruit Research Institute from the Royal Gala seedlings.
(1) Fruit economic characteristics: It starts to color in early July, with red stripes and yellow-green background. The fruit surface is smooth and bright in color. It matures around July 10th in Guanzhong, Shaanxi Province. The fruit is conical and neat, with an average fruit weight of 157g, a maximum fruit weight of 195g, and a fruit shape index of 0.85. The flesh is yellow-white, fine and crisp, juicy, sweet and sour, with good taste and good quality. The acid content is 0.67, the soluble solid content is 12.9, and the hardness is 8.2kg/cm2. It can be stored for 7-10 days at room temperature and 15-20 days under refrigerated conditions at 5°C. It is an ideal variety to replace Fujimu No. 1.
(2) Growth and fruiting habits: moderate power, open posture. The germination ability is medium, the branching ability is strong, long, medium and short fruit branches can bear fruit, and there is slight pre-harvest fruit drop. The fruit has a short growth period and requires high fertilizer and water conditions.
4. Anna
Originally from Israel, the parent line is Red Hadassiya × Golden Delicious. Published in 1963. Introduced into my country in 1984, its early fruit and high yield performance are very outstanding, and it is mass-produced in the old Yellow River areas in my country, such as Henan, Jiangsu and other provinces.
(1) Fruit economic characteristics: The fruit is conical in shape, high in piles, uniform in size and neat in shape. The weight of a single fruit is about 160g, and the maximum weight is 253g. The background color of the fruit is yellow-green, covered with 1/3 or all red rosy colors, the fruit surface is smooth, the fruit spots are small, sparse and not obvious, the peel is thin, and the appearance is beautiful. The flesh is milky white, crispy, juicy, sweet and sour in flavor, aromatic, and of medium-to-high quality. It matures in late July and the fruit cannot be stored well. The fruit growth period is about 100 days.
(2) Growth and fruiting habits: The tree has a moderate vigor, a relatively open posture, thick and dark green leaves, a high germination rate, and strong branch formation. Very early fruiting property.
Some strong seedlings in the nursery can also form axillary flower buds, which mainly bear fruit on short fruit branches and axillary flower buds. The inflorescence fruit setting rate is high. Anna is a variety that requires low cooling, and can grow and bear fruit normally under the natural conditions of short winter and long summer. , the maturity period is not consistent, so attention should be paid to harvesting in stages.
5. Qinyang
A new early-maturing apple variety selected from Royal Gala seedlings by the Fruit Tree Research Institute of the College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University. In April 2005, it was approved by the Fruit Tree Variety Approval Committee of Shaanxi Province.
Fruit economic characteristics: The fruit is oblate or nearly round, with an average fruit weight of 198 grams and a maximum of 245 grams. The fruit shape is correct, without edges, and the fruit shape index is 0.86. The background color is yellow-green, the stripes are red, the fruit surface is smooth and rust-free, shiny, and the appearance is gorgeous. The flesh is yellow-white, thin, crispy, juicy, sweet in flavor, aromatic and of good quality. The pulp hardness is 8.32kg/cm2, the soluble solid content is 12.18, the titratable acid content is 0.38, the total sugar is 11.22, and the vitamin C is 7.26 mg/100g.
Growth and fruiting habits: The tree vigor of this variety is moderate to vigorous, the tree posture is relatively open, the germination rate is high, the branching power is medium, and it is easy to form short branches. The long, medium, short branches and axillary flower buds of mature trees can all bear fruit, with short fruiting branches being the main ones. The natural fruit setting rate of inflorescences is 93.33, and the natural fruit setting rate of flowers is 76.67.
It has wide adaptability and can be cultivated in apple-friendly areas. Because of its characteristics of early maturity, easy fruiting, bright color and high quality, it has broad market prospects in Weibei, Shaanxi and similar ecological areas.
6. Shanxia
Japanese variety. The Morioka Branch of the Fruit Testing Ground of the Ministry of Agriculture, Water and Water of Japan and the National Institute of Science and Industry of New Zealand collaborated to develop an improved apple variety by cross-breeding Gala and Akane. The parents are Gala × Hongyun. Crossed in 1969, selected in 1981 and registered in 1988. The biggest advantages are good quality, no fruit drop before harvesting, high yield and strong adaptability. It is a highly valued excellent variety.
(1) Fruit economic characteristics: The fruit is medium to large, with an average fruit weight of 190g and a maximum of 270g or more. Short garden cone shape, smooth fruit surface, greenish-yellow background, bright red all over, sparse and small fruit spots. The wax is medium, the peel is thick and tough, the stem depression is medium and wide, often rusty, the calyx depression is narrow, and there are a few wrinkles and spots. The flesh is light yellow, crispy, medium-thin, moderately sweet and sour, with a stronger flavor than Tsugaru, fragrant, soluble solids 12.5, total sugar 13.7, hardness 6.8kg/cm2, high quality. The fruit matures at the end of July, 10-15 days later than Tengmu No. 1, and 10-15 days earlier than Gala. Can be stored at room temperature for one month.
(2) Growth and fruiting habits: The tree is of moderate vigor, with a relatively open posture and slightly drooping lower branches. It mainly produces fruits on short fruit branches and has many axillary flower buds, making it easy to form flowers. Strong ability to achieve continuous results. Resistant to cold, more resistant to ringworm and black pox.
7. Zaohong Gala
The Shaanxi Provincial Fruit Research Institute was selected from the imported Gala hybrid lines.
(1) Fruit economic characteristics: mature in late July. The fruit orchard is conical, with a fruit shape index of 0.84. The average fruit weight is 220g, with a maximum weight of 300g. The film is red, bright and shiny, with a coloring of 70-90. The meat is crispy, juicy, sweet and sour, the fruit hardness is 7.8kg/cm2, the soluble solids content is 14.6, it is fragrant, has good flavor and is of high quality.
(2) Growth and fruiting habits: Strong tree vigor, early fruiting, and high yield. It is an ideal variety to replace American No. 8.
8. American No. 8
The American variety was introduced and cultivated in Shaanxi Province in 1993 and tested in production. It has excellent overall performance and can be developed and cultivated as a supporting variety for medium-maturing varieties.
(1) Fruit economic characteristics: The fruit is nearly round or short conical, medium and neat, with smooth surface, slightly larger fruit spots, no fruit rust, yellow-white background color, bright red color Xia pattern or overall bright red, waxy luster, beautiful appearance. The flesh is yellow-white, crispy and juicy, with a sweet and sour flavor and no aroma. In the southern region of Weibei, Shaanxi, the maturity period is around early August, about one week earlier than Gala, with an average fruit weight of 180 grams, a shelf life of 10-15 days at room temperature, and the fruit is prone to sandiness and mushyness.
(2) Growth and fruiting habits: saplings grow vigorously, upright, have moderate vigor after bearing fruit, have medium germination rates, have strong branching ability, have strong axillary flower buds in saplings, and have strong fruiting ability in mature trees. Mainly with short and medium fruiting branches, the yield per mu of dwarf trees in 5 years can reach more than 2,500 kilograms.
9. Matsumoto Nishiki
The Japanese variety, whose parents are Tsugaru × Nairobi 26, is characterized by high autoflowering rate, good yield, large fruits, and rich red color throughout.
(1) Fruit economic characteristics: Single fruit weighs 300-350g, round or flat round shape, the entire fruit surface is deep red, the fruit spots are large and sparse, and the fruit surface is clean and beautiful. Sepals persistent, closed. The flesh is yellow-white, crispy, juicy, sweet, has a soluble solid content of 13-15, a hardness of 5.6kg/cm2, and is of excellent quality. The fruit matures around July 25 and can be stored at room temperature for about 20 days and in cold storage for 3 months.
(2) Growth and fruiting habits: The tree is strong and semi-open, with obvious top advantages. High germination rate and strong branching ability. However, it is susceptible to leaf diseases such as brown spot.
10. Morris
A new medium-early ripening apple variety, bred by the New Jersey Agricultural Experimental Field in the United States by crossing Golden Delicious It is large, bright in color, good in quality and easy to manage. It is a promising early-maturing apple variety.
(1) Fruit economic traits: The fruit is conical in shape, resembling a red star, weighs 250-280g per fruit, has a smooth fruit surface, a milky yellow background, and is covered entirely with bright red and inconspicuous thin stripes. There are more fruit spots on the top, less fruit surface, and sparse shoulders. The stem depression is deep and medium to wide. The fruit stalk is thicker and the attachment part is enlarged. The calyx depression is deep and has obvious five-sided protrusions. The sepals are broad, overlapping at the base and closed at the apex. The flesh is crunchy, medium-thick, and juicy. Sweet taste, strong aroma, soluble solids 15.2, hardness 7.6kg/cm2. The fruit matures from late July to early August.
(2) Growth and fruiting habits: Moderate tree vigor, semi-open tree posture, strong budding ability, medium branching ability, and good early yield. There is no fruit drop before harvesting. It has strong stress resistance, is resistant to rot, leaf spot disease and ring disease, is tolerant to salt and alkali, and has wide adaptability. After trial planting in Shaanxi, it was deemed that this variety was not a good variety for promotion.
11. Li Gala
Gala superior line selected from New Zealand.
(1) Fruit economic characteristics: The fruit is conical, with a fruit shape index of 0.87, an average fruit weight of 220g, and a maximum of 350g. The slices are red, and the entire surface can be dark red, with obvious fruit spots. The soluble solid content is 13.7 and the hardness is 7.2kg/cm2. It matures in early August.
(2) Growth and fruiting habits: strong tree vigor, open tree posture, high germination rate, strong branch-forming ability, and strong flower-forming ability. It has strong drought resistance and is resistant to early defoliation, powdery mildew and rot. It is one of the excellent varieties currently replacing Royal Gala.
12. Royal Gala
Also known as Red Gala and New Gala. New Zealand variety, coloring branch variant discovered from Gala by Bill Hoff in 1971. Published in 1974. The Shaanxi Provincial Fruit Research Institute introduced this variety from the United States in 1991. Through regional tests and systematic observations, it was found that the variety performed well in comprehensive traits. In January 1998, it passed the Shaanxi Provincial Variety Approval.
(1) Fruit economic characteristics: The fruit is conical, slightly five-ridged, with an average fruit weight of 170g, a coloring index of 65 to 85, and dark red stripes. The pulp is yellow-white, crispy, juicy, moderately sweet and sour, with a strong aroma. It contains soluble solids 14.58, total sugar 11.16, total acid 0.22, pulp hardness 7.0~8.3kg/cm2, relatively resistant to storage, and can be stored at room temperature for 1 months.
(2) Growth and fruiting habits: The Royal Gala tree is strong and has a high germination rate of 63.5 to 69.0; it has strong branching ability and a branching rate of 22.4 to 44.8. The average length of internodes is 2.7-3.3cm, and short branches are easily formed. Long, medium, short branches and axillary flower buds can all bear fruit. The proportion of axillary flower buds in young trees is high. In the fruiting period, short fruiting branches mainly bear fruit. The average fruit setting rate of inflorescences is 84.5, the fruit setting rate of axillary buds is 16.7, and the self-pollination fruit setting rate of inflorescences is 11.1.
The fruit matures in early to mid-August
13. Southern Crisp
New Zealand variety, the parent is Gala × Huali, the original code is GS330, the biggest advantage is good storage stability.
(1) Fruit economic characteristics: The fruit is flat and cylindrical, with an average fruit weight of 150g and a maximum of 210g. The peel is rich red in color and bright in color. The fruit stem is long and medium-thick, the attachment part is enlarged, and the stem depression is medium-deep. The flesh is milky white, dense, with a lot of juice, a slight aroma, sweet and sour taste, soluble solids 13.6, hardness 5.8kg/cm2. The fruit matures in early August. The storage stability is better, significantly better than Royal Gala.
(2) Growth and fruiting habits: The canopy is open, the fruiting is early, the yield is slightly poor, and it is more resistant to brown spot, powdery mildew, golden streak moth, and peach heartworm.