Super practical! College students' self-employment strategy!
? In recent years, the employment situation has become increasingly severe, and more and more college students are trying to take the road of entrepreneurship. The state, society and universities all strongly support this, and many college students start their own businesses. However, due to the lack of experience, awareness and ability, college students still face many difficulties in starting their own businesses, and some people don't even know where to start.
? In order to support college students' entrepreneurship and solve the social employment pressure. Entrepreneurship China. com collects and sorts out many information such as preferential policies and loans for college students' entrepreneurship, hoping to help graduates realize their entrepreneurial dreams.
? Policy article
? In June, 23, after the State Administration for Industry and Commerce issued the Notice on Preferential Policies for Fees for Graduates of Ordinary Colleges and Universities Engaged in Self-employment in 23, various provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions have successively introduced similar policies, and then successively introduced preferential loan policies. These policies are summarized as preferential policies for college students' entrepreneurship, which are summarized as follows.
? (1) Registration preference. One is the simplification of procedures. Anyone who applies to engage in self-employment or bid for private enterprises can give priority to registration through the registration halls of industrial and commercial departments at all levels. The applicant only needs to submit the registration application, capital verification report and other main registration materials, and can issue a business license first, and fill in the relevant materials according to regulations within a certain period of time; The second is fee reduction. Except for industries restricted by the state, the industrial and commercial departments shall exempt their individual industrial and commercial households from registration fees, management fees and various certificate fees within one year from the date of approval of their operations. To bid for high-tech enterprises, if the funds are really difficult and the registered capital is not up to the minimum, it is promised to be in place by stages. College graduates engaged in community service and other activities are exempted from industrial and commercial registration registration and various business administration fees within a certain period of time.
? (2) Preferential financial loans. First, give priority to loan support and issue credit loans appropriately. For college graduates to start a business loan, college graduates can be the main borrower, and the guarantor can provide corresponding joint guarantee for the stable income or effective assets of their families or immediate family members. For those with good credit standing and guaranteed repayment, credit loans shall be appropriately issued on the basis of controllable risks; The second is to simplify the loan procedures; The third is interest rate concessions. Give some preferential interest rate support to the venture loan, and depending on the degree of loan risk, it can float down or up appropriately on the basis of the legal loan interest rate.
? (3) Tax reduction and exemption. For newly-established enterprises or business units engaged in consulting, information and technical services, for newly-established enterprises or business units engaged in transportation, post and telecommunications, for newly-established enterprises or business units engaged in public utilities, commerce, foreign trade, tourism, warehousing, residential services, catering, education and culture, and health, it is necessary to "be old, young, marginal and poor"
? (4) Preferential treatment for employees. First, employees can enjoy free discounts on hiring and training. In a certain period of time, you can inquire about the supply and demand information of talents and labor force on the relevant websites for free, and publish job advertisements for free. The talent intermediary service institutions affiliated to the government personnel department provide free training and evaluation services for graduates and employees who start enterprises; Second, personnel file management is exempt from a certain number of years. The personnel intermediary service institutions affiliated to the personnel administrative department of the government keep personnel files for two years free of charge; Third, there are separate channels for social insurance participation. College graduates who are engaged in self-employment can apply for social insurance at the individual payment window set up by social insurance agencies at all levels.
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? Loan articles
? The most fundamental difficulty for college students to start their own businesses is the lack of funds. In order to solve this problem, the state has issued preferential policies on the discount of college students' entrepreneurial loans. Financial experts also provide several loan schemes for college students for reference.
? Option 1: Borrow parents' power to get a mortgage loan from the bank < P >? Many college students start their own businesses with their parents' first money, but their parents' money is their hard-earned money for decades, so that they can take the risks of starting their own businesses. Some independent college students are unwilling to do so. In fact, they can borrow their parents' real estate and take out mortgage loans in the bank in another way. This way, on the one hand, it does not need to use their parents' funds, on the other hand, it helps entrepreneurs to raise funds and at the same time gives them the pressure of repayment, so that they can run their businesses more attentively. Many commercial banks will give different credit ratings according to customers' age, marriage, occupation, past credit and personal and family property status. For younger graduates with incomplete credit files, it is difficult to get loans by their own strength. Therefore, bank experts suggest that graduates can consider using their parents' real estate, certificates of deposit, valuable bonds or insurance policies to apply for mortgage or pledge loans. However, it is worth noting that at present, banks are very cautious in issuing such loans, and generally need collateral, such as real estate and shops. In order to avoid risks, the approval process for lending such products is cumbersome and lengthy.
? Option 2 is in urgent need of funds, so you can consider pawn loan
? Generally, it is complicated to apply for a loan from a bank, and it takes a certain time for the loan to be issued. What should I do in case of emergency? There is a faster way at that time, that is, pawn loan. Although compared with bank loans, pawn loans have high cost and small loan scale, pawn loans have their own unique advantages, that is, they are fast and can even be processed immediately. Moreover, pawn shops have almost zero credit requirements for customers, which can save complicated certification procedures. In addition, when a customer borrows money from a bank, the purpose of the loan cannot exceed the scope specified by the bank, while the pawnshop does not ask about the purpose of the loan, so the loan is very free to use.
? Option 3: Unsecured loan to revitalize your capital
? The loan amount of micro-loans is from 1 yuan to 1, yuan, and it can be received within 3 days at the fastest speed. It is more suitable for low-cost entrepreneurial projects. Are there any loans that do not need guarantee or mortgage? The answer is, yes. Jiangmen Branch of Postal Savings Bank launched a small loan business this year. The loan does not need any mortgage, as long as it is guaranteed by a qualified guarantor. This loan method is relatively simple and fast, but it is only applicable to individual merchants or small enterprises that have already registered for industry and commerce.
? For college student entrepreneurs, they can start with a low initial capital for industrial and commercial registration, and then apply for a small loan from the Postal Savings Bank through their relatives and friends who have stable income jobs as guarantees. Generally, the amount of micro-loans issued by the Postal Savings Bank is from 1 yuan to 1, yuan, and it can be received within 3 days at the fastest speed, which is more suitable for low-cost entrepreneurial projects.
? Guidance article
? Many college students want to start a business, but they can't find the most suitable entrepreneurial projects, and sometimes they just don't have funds. In fact, these are not problems. The key to college students' entrepreneurship lies in whether they can have enough innovation, have good ideas and find a suitable entrepreneurial direction:
? First, the direction of science and technology services
? College students can make some scientific research achievements according to their own interests and hobbies, but these scientific research achievements are often difficult to be converted into commodities, let alone directly used for entrepreneurship. Some of our enterprises, especially some large and medium-sized enterprises, will have many scientific and technological problems. College students can strengthen their contact with enterprises through teachers and schools, and take enterprise problems as scientific research topics to provide scientific and technological services for enterprises. If a scientific and technological service achievement can become a long-term supporting product or service for large enterprises, it will lay a stable foundation for entrepreneurs.
? Second, the direction of intellectual services
? With the development of social economy, service industry has occupied an increasingly important position in our life. College students should develop their knowledge advantages, choose some intellectual services that need knowledge and expertise, such as translation, computer maintenance, tutor training, etc., or apply software design to some traditional industries, small and medium-sized enterprises, commerce and business chain fields.
? Third, the direction of e-commerce
? Now the network has become increasingly popular, and it has become another stage in people's lives. E-commerce has low cost and is not limited by time and space. College students have studied and used computers since childhood, and they can use their knowledge and skills to start an online business and do e-commerce. In this respect, college students should not stop at opening online stores and buying and selling traditional goods, but should provide some online intellectual services or some creative e-commerce according to their own characteristics. For example, students studying international trade can seek international orders through the internet; Provide online sales for traditional industries; Provide external information for small and medium-sized enterprises to go abroad; Establish virtual office services and so on.
? Fourth, creative shops
? The university campus is the distribution center of creativity, which brings space for many unique and creative things. College students are young and energetic, active in thinking, and like to accept new and fashionable things. The operation of small shops is relatively simple, and the requirements for social experience, management, marketing and finance are not high. Therefore, college students can play their own characteristics and open some creative shops. For example, innovative fruit and vegetable shops, dessert shops, children's painting workshops, toy bars for adults and the elderly, diy shops for embroidery crafts, personalized home decorations, jewelry shops, beauty salons and so on.
? V. franchise chain direction
? Franchise chain is a successful business model. franchise chain, a developed country, occupies a high proportion in business operations, but its proportion in franchise chain is not high, and there is still a great market space. Franchise chain can provide successful models and experiences for franchisees. For college students, starting a business in the form of franchise chain can make up for their own shortcomings, quickly master the experience and knowledge needed for business, reduce risks and improve the success rate of starting a business. The key to starting a business through franchise chain is to find a project with a relatively perfect franchise chain system that suits you.
? College students' entrepreneurship has both advantages and limitations. College students are active and energetic, and like to accept new things. The study in school has enabled them to have certain professional knowledge. However, because they have not entered the society, they are lacking in business awareness, social experience, enterprise management, finance and marketing. Therefore, college students should foster their strengths and avoid their weaknesses in the choice of entrepreneurial direction, and find a road suitable for their own development. ;