In fact, whether it is short wave or long wave, VHF, VLF, ELF, etc. As long as it doesn't frequency hop, it is easy to be intercepted by broadband receivers. Moreover, short wave is the main force of communication, so it is more valued by both warring parties.
Theoretically, the efficiency is the highest when the antenna length is a quarter wavelength, and the long wavelength is generally 1km ~ 100km. If the antenna is made large, the power will increase accordingly, the probability of being accepted by the enemy will increase, and the benefits of good directivity will not be highlighted.
See Weapons Knowledge (20 1 1) for details. Broadcasting knowledge is serialized throughout the year.