It is recommended not to think about the formula and just calculate it directly. During the public examination, you will not have so much time to worry about the method.
In 2004, the proportion of patents granted in my country = 19.02/35.38
The proportion of patents granted in my country in 2003=[19.02/(1 0.044)]/[35.38/(1 0.147)]=(19.02/35.38)*(1.147/1.044)
So far, It can be determined that B or D should be selected. Then it is determined that the difference between the two is 1.147/1.044-1, and D can be estimated.