On May 2 1 last year, Anhui Business Daily published a story "Changfeng No.1 middle school students found mistakes in history textbooks", which was about the progress of transportation and communication tools in 15, a compulsory course of high school history, saying that "Shanghai businessmen set up telephone lines and 1875 opened the first telephone". All the information is that Bell invented the telephone in June 1875 and applied for a patent in March 1876. Moreover, the book "The Second Industrial Revolution in Lesson 8" also says that "1876 American Bell invented the telephone". Since the telephone was invented in 1876, how did China open the first telephone in 1875?
According to the author's access to relevant information, the result of verification was that a wired telegraph line was set up at that time. Sheng Xuanhuai, who started the telegraph business in China, was also an advocate of China's own telegraph right. He said: "The urgent task for China to build electric wires is to send military newspapers, the essence of which is to benefit the business and benefit the people and strive for the long term" (Dang Sheng: Sheng Xuanhuai drafted the Draft Regulations on Investment Promotion of Telegraph Bureau, Guangxu seven years); 1872 participated in the establishment of Shanghai Maritime Merchants Bureau, 1880 began to set up telephone lines between Tianjin and Shanghai. Before that, the Qing government had agreed to the British to set up submarine cables from Guangdong to Tianjin via Shanghai, and stipulated that it was not allowed to pull the lines ashore, so as to leave the trunk lines for their own operation. According to the History of China Merchants, in 1875, China Merchants requested technical assistance from the British Ministry of Industry in Shanghai and set up an optical cable from the General Administration to Hongkou Wharf, which was the first dedicated telephone line set up by China people themselves. It can be seen that 1875 set up a telephone line (actually a telegraph line), but it was quickly cut off by foreigners. For example, Danish Dabei Company has not only set up a sea line, but also set up a trunk line in Wusong, and its line in Xiamen has also landed. "After the establishment of China Telegraph Bureau, the original proposal of sinking the telegraph sea line into the seabed in the nine years of Tongzhi was adopted, and the end of the line was not allowed to be dragged ashore to divide the boundary between Chinese and foreign trunk sea lines. 1883 or so, the negotiations were tense, and Sheng Xuanhuai, the director of the telegraph office, was of course in the front line of the negotiations. The first key issue in the negotiation is the dismantling of Wusong trunk line in Guo Dan and Xiamen coastline. At that time, the British cable television company was setting up a sea route from Shanghai to Hong Kong. Taking Wusong trunk line in Denmark and Xiamen coastline as examples, it insisted on landing from Fuzhou. Sheng Xuanhuai clearly realized that in order to prevent British merchant shipping lines from being imported into Shanghai, "it is necessary to discuss the dismantling of Guo Dan trunk line to protect China's independence right and persuade businessmen from all over the world". In Fujian, he thought, "If you want to tear down the built Dan line along the coast of Xiamen, you can refuse the British line that Fukuyama wants to come. "Therefore, the dry line from Wusong to Shanghai in Dabei must be removed immediately, and its Xiamen coastline must also be removed." After repeated negotiations, the land series of foreigners was finally limited to several cities along the southeast coast. (Excerpted from Xia Dongyuan's On Sheng Xuanhuai and Westernization Enterprises)
The first modern manual telephone exchange in China was opened on February 2, 19821. At that time, there were more than 20 users, and the annual rent for each phone was 150 yuan. 1900 China people opened their own telephone service in Nanjing. (Excerpted from "The Essence of China Telecom")
Finally, students' thinking and verification should be affirmed. I think middle school teachers should always have the innovative consciousness and spirit of not blindly following textbooks and not superstitious about authority. Secondly, they should have the spirit of further inquiry and must give students a satisfactory answer.