Why are there more and more premature babies in recent years?

Children born more than 28 weeks and less than 37 weeks belong to premature infants. According to the monitoring of the Ministry of Health, the birth rate of premature and low birth weight infants in China is 6%. In the first half of this year, the number of premature babies in China increased by 10% compared with the same period of last year. The earlier the premature infants are breastfed, the better. Amniotic membrane infection, pregnancy-induced hypertension and psychological stress are the three common causes of premature delivery: maternal factors, uterine factors and fetal factors. Amniotic membrane infection is one of the most common maternal factors, accounting for half of all premature infants. Amniotic membrane is the innermost of the three membranes that wrap the embryo. Once infected, premature rupture of amniotic membrane is easy to occur, which is a precursor to premature delivery. Amniotic membrane infection is caused by systemic infection of pregnant women, such as respiratory tract infection such as cold and intestinal infection such as diarrhea, which affects amniotic membrane; Second, gynecological infections, such as vaginitis, cervicitis, pelvic inflammatory disease and other pathogens transferred to amniotic membrane. Pregnancy-induced hypertension is also a common cause of premature delivery. When pregnancy-induced hypertension is difficult to control, it is generally recommended to terminate pregnancy. In recent years, the rising birth rate of multiple births has also increased the number of premature babies, which is related to the abuse of ovulation induction drugs. Statistics show that the premature delivery rate of pregnant women taking ovulation induction drugs is 40% ~ 50%. The greater the psychological stress of pregnant women, the higher the incidence of premature delivery. Tension, anxiety and depression are closely related to premature delivery. Life pressure and environmental pollution are the main reasons why the premature birth rate of newborns in cities is higher than that in rural areas. Experts remind that maternal factors leading to premature delivery include severe anemia, malnutrition, fatigue in the third trimester of pregnancy, and drug abuse. In addition, the factors of uterus, placenta and umbilical cord such as biconical uterus, uterine mediastinal malformation, hysteromyoma, endometritis, placenta previa, placental abruption, umbilical cord being too short, umbilical cord winding, umbilical cord knotting and polyhydramnios can not be ignored. In addition to multiple births, fetal malformations are also prone to premature delivery. The earlier the premature infants are breastfed, the better. "Premature babies are like wheat suddenly harvested during grouting. The wheat grain looks grown up, but it is actually flat. " Li Xiaoshu, deputy director of obstetrics and gynecology in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, vividly evaluated premature infants. Therefore, premature babies should overcome some difficulties when they are born. A set of cold figures shows that 12.7%~20.8% premature babies failed to break through and eventually died. Newborns face four major difficulties: breathing, body temperature (keeping warm), digestion and infection. After these four life and death passes, premature babies still face the test of three sequelae: nervous system, hearing and vision. There is a place in the brain called choroid plexus, which is a very fragile blood vessel. Bleeding in this place has almost become a "patent disease" for premature babies. The consequences of cerebral hemorrhage are hydrocephalus and cerebral palsy. Insufficiency of the nervous system can also lead to mental retardation in children. Immature liver and hematopoietic system of premature infants lead to long duration of jaundice, lack of various coagulation factors, and easy bleeding leading to anemia. However, there are also studies that the long-term existence of jaundice is an important cause of hearing loss. For retinal damage, the popular saying is that oxygen inhalation leads to retinopathy. Zhang Jiajie said, in fact, premature infants themselves have imperfect retinal development, and oxygen inhalation is only an inducement, while full-term infants rarely cause retinopathy.