The main components of better washing powder are: fabric fiber scale inhibitor, anionic surfactant, nonionic surfactant, water softener, dirt suspending agent, enzyme, fluorescent agent, perfume and so on. Inferior washing powder often contains harmful components such as phosphorus, aluminum and alkali. The role of surfactant in washing powder is to make washing powder dissolve, emulsify, soak, clean, sterilize, soften, foam and antistatic. Synthetic surfactants have long been found to have side effects such as thickening hands, and now they have been regarded as a major environmental hazard. In addition, phosphorus and aluminum alkali, especially phosphorus, have been banned in some developed countries. However, many domestic chemical plants, especially some foreign-funded enterprises, are still producing such products, and their local products cannot contain these harmful substances. In China, the law is not perfect, and people's awareness of environmental protection is not strong, so they boldly add these harmful substances.
There are five components in washing powder: active component, washing aid component, buffer component, synergistic component and auxiliary component.
effective constituent
Active ingredients are the main ingredients in detergents. Washing active ingredient is a substance called surfactant, whose function is to weaken the adhesion between stains and clothes, so that stains can leave clothes under the action of washing water flow and mechanical forces such as hand rubbing or washing machine stirring, so as to achieve the purpose of washing clothes.
Note: 1. In order to achieve good decontamination effect, washing powder should contain enough active ingredients. In order to ensure the washing effect of washing powder, the national competent department has stipulated the minimum content of active ingredients in washing powder. According to the types of active agents and products used, the content of active ingredients in washing powder should generally be not less than13%;
2. Because many surfactants have strong foaming ability, consumers can judge the quality of washing powder from the foaming situation of washing powder after it is dissolved in water according to experience;
3. Some washing powders specially used for drum washing machines have much worse foaming ability than ordinary washing powders. This is because the drum washing machine mainly relies on the mechanical force generated by the clothes tumbling in the drum to achieve the purpose of washing clothes. Too much foam in the washing liquid will greatly weaken the mechanical force generated by the tumbling of clothes, which will greatly reduce the washing effect.
Washing aid component
The builder in washing powder is the most used component, which generally accounts for 15%-40% of the total component. The main function of builder is to soften the water by binding the hardness ions contained in the water, so as to protect the surfactant and make it play its greatest role. The so-called phosphorus-containing and phosphorus-free detergents actually refer to whether the builders used are phosphorus-based or non-phosphorus-based substances.
Note: 1. Some provinces and cities have formulated local laws and regulations to prohibit or restrict the sale and use of phosphate-containing detergents.
2. In the phosphate-free builder, it is recognized by the industry that a substance called zeolite can better replace phosphate.
3. In addition, there are various "cheap" phosphorus-free builders, such as sodium carbonate (soda ash), sodium silicate (water glass) and their compounds in various proportions. Because these phosphorus-free additives will eventually form water-insoluble sediments, if they cannot be effectively suspended in water, they will sink on clothes. Long-term use of this phosphorus-free detergent will cause clothes to harden and turn yellow. In order to prevent this from happening, a well-designed phosphate-free detergent should use an effective dispersant in the formula, so that the insoluble particles formed will not be deposited on clothes.
Buffer component
The common dirt on clothes is generally organic stains, such as sweat stains, food, dust and so on. Organic stains are generally acidic, and making the washing liquid in alkaline state is beneficial to remove such stains, so a considerable amount of alkaline substances are added to the washing powder. Soda soda and sodium silicate are commonly used.
Note: 1. Although alkalinity is beneficial to the washing of clothes, too much alkaline substances will do harm to clothes and skin, so the state has made corresponding regulations on the alkalinity of washing powder, and qualified washing powder should meet these requirements.
2. In addition, as mentioned above, these alkaline substances will form precipitation with hard water, and too much alkaline substances will cause a lot of precipitation in the washing process, which will make the washing effect worse.
Synergistic component
In order to make detergents have better and more washing-related functions, more and more detergents contain ingredients with special functions, which can effectively improve and improve the washing performance of detergents.
According to the functional requirements, there are several synergistic ingredients used in detergents: those that improve the cleaning effect, such as enzyme preparations (protease, lipase, amylase, etc. ), bleaching agent, bleaching aid, etc. Improve whiteness maintenance, such as anti-redeposition agent, dirt dispersant, enzyme preparation (cellulase), fluorescent whitening agent and resist; Protect fabric to improve fabric feel, such as softener, cellulase, antistatic agent, fixing agent, etc.
Note: 1. In fact, many brands of detergents have similar main ingredients, and the secret of each product is often in these synergistic ingredients. The use of various enzyme preparations can greatly enhance the ability of detergents to clean special and difficult stains, such as blood stains, sweat stains, food oil stains, vegetable and fruit stains and so on. Bleach can decompose and remove pigment stains; Anti-redeposition agent can ensure that clothes will not turn gray and yellow after repeated washing.
accessory
Laundry cream-Generally speaking, these ingredients can't improve the washing ability of detergents, but they have great effects on the processing and sensory indexes of products, such as making the washing powder white in color, uniform in particles, non-caking and pleasant in smell.
Formula of foreign laundry cream
Formula 1 (parts): linear alkylbenzene sulfonate 40.0 sodium hydroxide (40%) 1 1.4 sodium hypochlorite (aqueous solution) 0.6 CMC 1.7 water 4.3.
Formula 2 (parts): linear alkyl benzene sulfonic acid 20.0 sodium hydroxide (45%)5.8 sodium silicate (Na2O: SiO2 = 1: 2) (40%) 4.5 sodium hypochlorite (aqueous solution) 0.36 oleic acid diethanolamide 1.5 CMC2.5 water 65./kloc-.
Formula 3 (parts): sodium linear alkylbenzene sulfonate 40.0 lauric diethanolamide 4.0 sodium xylene sulfonate 5.0 tetrapotassium pyrophosphate 20.0 sodium silicate 7.5 fluorescent dye 0. 1 perfume, pigment and a small amount of water 23.4.
Formula 4 (in parts): C 10- 13 sodium alkylbenzene sulfonate 5C 12- 13 fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether 3.9C 10- 13 alkyl EP type poly-25.3 sodium polyacrylate 6./kloc
The preparation process: firstly, the surfactant is mixed, and then the rest raw materials are added to obtain the phosphate-free anhydrous enzyme-added laundry paste. This laundry cream is stable in storage, good in solubility and detergency in cold water, less in foam, and does not gel when contacted with cold water. It is the formula of European patent application 395976.
Formula 5 (parts): potassium soap sodium soap 2805% gelatin hydrolyzed protein (water: ethanol = 1: 1) 100 ethylparaben 5 glass powder (0.0 1 ~ 0. 1 mm) 457 quartz powder.
Preparation process: all the materials are mixed, stirred and kneaded into a uniform paste. This cleaning paste is mainly used for cleaning kitchen utensils and industrial sanitary equipment. It is the formula of Polish patent 120563.
Formula 6 (parts): fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether (AE)7 fatty acid/diethylene glycol/formaldehyde condensate 7 methyl phthalate 25 expanded perlite 10 quartz sand 7CMC3 essence 0.3 vaseline oil 10 calcium carbonate 14 sodium tripolyphosphate 5 synthetic lecithin 3 sodium benzoate 0.7 water 10.
Preparation process: AE, condensate and phthalate are mixed, and then other materials, such as vaseline oil, are added to make a mixture, and the mixture is uniformly packaged to obtain the skin cleansing cream capable of quickly removing dirt. It is the formula of Czech patent 225449.
Formula 7 (parts): sodium dodecyl phosphate 28 sodium dodecyl phosphate 9 polyethylene glycol monopalmitate 2 sodium chloride 6 polyethylene glycol (m = 6000) 5 water 50.
Preparation process: mixing and kneading to obtain paste detergent. It is the formula of European patent application 37 16 1.
Detergents-Detergents come in many formulations. I'll give you a formula for reference:
10.5 part of linear alkyl benzene sulfonic acid; AES 8 copies; 65,065,438+0.2 part of alkyl alcohol amide; 0.08 part of preservative Song Kai; 1.3 parts of sodium hydroxide; Appropriate amount of AEO9 (5- 10, depending on your own conditions); 0. 1 EDTA-2Na 0. 1+0 thickener (NaCl); Add deionized water to100;
Operation process:
Put a certain amount of deionized water into a batching pot, add solid alkali while stirring, slowly add it after linear alkyl benzene sulfonic acid is dissolved, stir to neutralize the pH to 7-8, add surfactants AES, AEO9 and 650 1 at 60-70, add other additives after dissolution, and add appropriate amount of essence after clarification and transparency to prepare deionized water.