The Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms from the late Tang Dynasty to the Northern Song Dynasty was a very chaotic period. In the past decades, there have been nine emperors 14. These emperors are very fierce people, with strength in their hands, as fierce as tigers and became emperors. And the behavior is a bit like a passer-by in the modern popular network crossing text. God blocks killing God, and Buddha blocks killing Buddha. At first, it was a resurgence. If you make a little achievement, you will indulge in debauchery. But there is also a problem. I like to adopt my adopted son, make friends with many pro-sons, and it is also a pleasure to fight for the throne after death.
1. The emperor likes to adopt adopted sons.
Adoption in Five Dynasties and Ten Countries became a common practice, but it was no longer the patent of the emperor, and it was popular from top to bottom, causing many jokes. Specifically, the adoption of seme in the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms mainly includes the following situations:
For example, Zhu Quanzhong, the founding emperor of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, adopted many adopted sons, such as Zhu Youwen, Zhu Yougong and so on. Some of these adopted sons are imperial generals, some are local generals, and some are awesome. For example, Zhu Youwen is, Zhu is.
Among the ten countries, the emperor who adopted the most adopted sons was Wang Jian of the former Shu, with 45 records. These 45 sons have special records and high status. If you add some unknown ones, they should all exceed 120. These sons made great contributions to Wang Jian's Shu state, such as Wang Zongji, who was in charge of the Sixth Army, and created Wang Zongkan, Ren Taibao, Wang Wei and other Duke of Jin State. In other words, as long as they want to dominate the military and political power, they have to worship Wang Jianwei and michel platini. It is estimated that they didn't shout "Long live" when they went to court, but shouted "Good michel platini".
There are also some adopted sons who are well developed and have high recognition among the people in Yang Jiajiang. Laoer is a famous adopted son of Liu regime in Northern Han Dynasty. Emperor gaozu was his own clique, and Liu was given as our time for the army. Later, in the Northern Song Dynasty, Liu changed his surname back.
2. The characteristics of adopted sons in Five Dynasties and Ten Countries
On the surface, there are many adoption relationships in any period in history, but the adoption in the Five Dynasties and Ten Countries has distinct characteristics:
First, the number of adoptions varies greatly. No matter when the adopters are, their important purpose is to carry on the family line, but observing the adoption relationship between the Five Dynasties and Ten Countries, basically the adopters have their own sons, which is obviously not the need to carry on the family line. At the same time, the number of adoptions also varies greatly. Adoption in past dynasties may be only 1, and all the ten countries and five dynasties were large-scale adoptions. More than a dozen adoptions are common, and dozens and hundreds are everywhere.
Second, the adoption objects are different. In ancient times, due to the consideration of Confucian inheritance, it was generally impossible to adopt a different surname as an adopted son. This kind of adoption relationship should be based on the same surname, otherwise it will be accused by laws and customs. If you have to adopt a stepson, you need to meet two conditions. One is abandoned by biological parents and unable to survive. The other is that he is not yet three years old. However, judging from the phenomenon of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, most of his stepsons are brave soldiers, which obviously does not meet the requirements.
Third, the adopters are different. In ancient times, although there were upper-class aristocratic adoptions, it was not the mainstream compared with the folk. However, the adopters of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms were mostly upper-class aristocrats, and the emperor was an important participant.
Fourth, the adoptees are different in age, and the adoptees in past dynasties are generally children, so it is convenient to cultivate a harmonious parent-child relationship by living with adoptive parents since childhood. However, most adopters in Five Dynasties and Ten Countries are adult males, and the age gap between adopters and adoptees is very small. Li Siyuan, Tang is younger than his adoptive father Li Keyong 10 years old. What's even more ridiculous is that michel platini is no older than his adopted son. For example, when Shi Jingtang, Emperor Gaozu of Jin Dynasty, recognized Yelu Deguang as the adoptive father, he was already 44 years old, while Yelu Deguang was only 465,438+0 years old.
3. Why did the emperors of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms like to adopt a large number of adult godsons?
Emperors of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms like to adopt adult godsons, especially generals in high positions, and have great political marriage intentions. However, in fact, there are many methods and skills to worship the prime minister in ancient times, and there are many positive examples in history. Why did the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms use the adoption relationship to maintain the princes of the DPRK and China?
The Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms all followed the system of the Tang Dynasty and were influenced by tang style in social atmosphere. As we all know, the power and influence of eunuchs in the Tang Dynasty were great. From Gao Lishi in the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty to 100 years after the demise of the Tang Dynasty, the power of eunuchs has never been weakened. The biggest reason is that they adopted an adopted son.
According to the Tang system, eunuchs' positions in the administrative system can only be taken over by eunuchs, so officials adopt adopted sons mainly to inherit their political and economic status. Therefore, this kind of adoption relationship is different from the simple family line, so the number is often too small. It should be said that in the middle Tang Dynasty, the adopted son adopted by eunuchs still stayed inside the eunuchs.
However, at the end of the Tang Dynasty, the regime of the buffer region was serious. In order to consolidate their power to the greatest extent, the scope of eunuchs' adoption of adopted sons began to expand, from the eunuchs in the DPRK to the imperial army and generals in the buffer region, thus forming a political and military group with eunuchs as the link.
After the collapse of the Tang Dynasty, the provinces began to claim the title of emperor, but the most important tradition, that is, the adoption relationship with the incumbent as the link and the military-political alliance as the purpose, began to formally enter the political arena.