In the Japanese automobile industry, innovation has never stopped. As one of the pioneers of robot manufacturing, Japanese automobile companies have long integrated hybrid and electric vehicle technologies.
Moreover, Japan is the third largest automobile producer and exporter in the world, occupying six seats among the top ten automobile producers in the world.
There are many world-famous automobile brands in Japan, such as Toyota, Honda, Nissan, Suzuki, Mazda, Lexus, finidi, Acura, Daihatsu, Hino, Isuzu and Subaru.
190 1- 1935 During the start-up period, the first Japanese car dealer was an agent of Locomobile Company of the United States, specializing in importing and selling steam cars from American locomotive companies.
American Locomotive Company was established in 1899, and 190 1 set up a sales exhibition hall in Tokyo. The car debuted in Japan for the first time, and it also allowed the Japanese people to observe the steam cars on display for the first time.
1902, that is, about a year after cars first appeared in Japan, a 2 1 year-old engineer named Komanosuke Uchiyama produced two test cars in a bicycle dealership named Sorinshokai in Ginza.
One of the gasoline engines was brought back from the United States by Nobutaro, Sorinshokai's agent, and the chassis and body were made by Neishan himself. 1904 In April, Torao Yamaha in Okayama produced the first domestic steam bus, which can accommodate 10 people.
1907 In April, the above-mentioned Tomiichi Uchiyama, the intermediary of Xiao Ye, produced the "Takuri" car at Toyo Automobile Factory (this automobile factory was not Mazda later), which was the first gasoline-engine car made entirely in Japan.
In the same year, Daihatsu Duoji Seiko Co., Ltd., the predecessor of Daihatsu Automobile Company acquired by Toyota, was established in Japan.
1907 Takuri automobile made in Hiroshi Yamamoto191June, Masajiro Hashimoto founded Kwaishinsha automobile factory.
While importing, assembling and selling British cars, the factory also produced seven twin-cylinder 10 horsepower cars named "Dattogo", which is the first automobile manufacturer in Japan.
19 16, Tokyo Ishikawa Island Shipbuilding Engineering Co., Ltd. planned to cooperate with Tokyo Gas Electric Power Industry Co., Ltd. to manufacture automobiles, which contributed to the establishment of Isuzu Automobile Company in the future.
19 17, Mitsubishi Sassen made 22 Mitsubishi a cars, which were the first cars produced in Japan. Prior to this, Japan's automobile industry was still in its infancy.
Also in 19 17, Tetsuji Makita established Japan Internal Combustion Engine Co., Ltd., which has been acquired by Nissan. 1965438+ Model A car launched by Mitsubishi Shipbuilding Company in 2007.
19 19, Kubota purchased the patent from Golm, hired Golm as the chief designer, and established Jitsuyo Jidosha Co., Ltd. together with other investors. The company began to produce "Gorham" and "Laila" cars in the second year. 1926, the company merged with the company of Masajiro Hashimoto, the predecessor of Nissan.
1922, Tai Tianhao (Hong? Ta) became Ohta Jidosha in Tokyo and later became a part of Nissan.
193 1 year, "Mazda Go" was introduced by Toyo Industrial Co., Ltd., the predecessor of Mazda.
Automobile and military, after the Russo-Japanese War (1904- 1905), the Japanese military's interest turned to automobiles.
From 65438 to 0907, the Japanese military began to investigate military vehicles and made a detailed investigation of military trucks imported from Germany and France.
1911may, the first Japanese-made military truck was produced in osaka artillery factory.
19 18 in March, the Japanese military promulgated the military vehicle subsidy law. According to this law, the military provides subsidies to Japanese automakers to produce civilian cars in peacetime and convert them into military vehicles in wartime. In fact, this is Japan's first automobile industry policy.
* * * Seven automobile manufacturers are bound by this law, including Tokyo Gas and Electric Engineering Co., Ltd. and Hashimoto Masajiro Fast-forward Automobile Factory.
After the Great Kanto Earthquake in Japan and the 1923 Great Kanto Earthquake, two American auto giants in Japan urgently needed motor vehicles to provide services for the people in the disaster areas.
As a temporary measure before Tokyo's transportation network was completely restored, the chassis of 800 Ford T trucks were immediately imported and converted into buses, which have been serving Tokyo's transportation system for a long time. Considering that Japan is a potential profitable market, Ford established Ford Motor Japan Company in Yokohama in February 1925, and began to assemble and sell Model T cars in June of the same year.
Two years later, in February of 1927, another American automobile giant, General Motors Japan, was established in Osaka, and three months later, it began to assemble and sell Chevrolet cars.
The appearance of these two companies in Japan has provided Japan with first-hand direct experience in modern automobile manufacturing, including large-scale production technology, strict quality control of subcontracted parts manufacturers and the rapid establishment of a national sales network system.
During the period of 1935- 1945, the early industrial development began at 1935, and the automobile, airplane, electrical and chemical industries developed strongly in response to the needs of the times. With the implementation of "Automobile Manufacturing Law" and 1936 Military Order, the automobile industry has jumped into the spotlight.
By the time the war of aggression against China broke out in 1937, as many as 16 companies had participated in automobile manufacturing and established infrastructure for industry.
Formulate a comprehensive policy for the automobile industry. In 1930s, Japan implemented many industrial policies for emerging industries at that time. 1930, a consulting agency of the Ministry of Industry and Commerce submitted a report, pointing out that "the government should formulate appropriate protection policies to assist the healthy development of the automobile industry".
Therefore, in 193 15, Japan established the Automobile Industry Committee, and formulated the specifications of the "Standard Model Car of the Ministry of Commerce and Industry", requiring that the medium-sized trucks and buses with a capacity of 1.5-2 tons be manufactured according to its specifications.
1932, Tokyo Gas Electric Engineering Company, Ishikawa Island Automobile Manufacturing Company and Hashimoto Masajiro Automobile Manufacturing Company jointly produced an experimental vehicle named "Isuzu".
In June of the same year, the three companies established Japan's first automobile manufacturer organization-Domestic Automobile Association. 1937, these companies merged to form Tokyo Motor Company, which became the predecessor of Isuzu Automobile and Hino Automobile.
Automobile manufacturing law, 193 1 After the Japanese occupation of Northeast China, the foundation of war has been continuously strengthened.
1936, the Ministry of industry and commerce and the military jointly formulated the automobile manufacturing law.
On the surface, the purpose of this bill is to meet the public demand by promoting large-scale domestic production of motor vehicles and stifle the monopoly of American automakers on the Japanese auto market, but another goal is to ensure uninterrupted supply of vehicles to the military.
The first companies operating under the Act were Toyota and Nissan. Although Mitsui and other chaebol companies are hesitant, the two new companies are prepared to take risks and actively start mass production of cars.
1937, that is, one year after the promulgation of the automobile manufacturing law, 19 18 military vehicle subsidy law was officially abolished.
The three American automobile giants withdrew from Japan, and the three American automobile companies (Ford, General Motors and Chrysler, called * * * cars in Japan) began to enter the Japanese market from 1925.
By 1930, their annual output of automobiles totaled 19684, about 43 times that of Japanese-made automobiles (458).
However, the passage of the automobile manufacturing bill forced the three major American automobile companies to stop production. As mentioned above, the bill aims to eliminate dependence on foreign manufacturers for national security reasons. 1937 after the outbreak of the war of aggression against China, when the foreign exchange regulations were revised, with the fall of the yen exchange rate and the soaring import prices, the three major American automobile companies felt more and more pressure and finally stopped production and withdrew from Japan on 1939.
During the ten years from 1925 to 1935, the three major American automobiles produced a total of 208,967 vehicles. In contrast, the domestic production in Japan is 12 and 127, which is only 5.8% of that of American manufacturers. The war led to an increase in productivity. During the war, Japanese military and civilian automobile companies put combat readiness in the first place, and the automobile industry, especially Japan's automobile industry, was no exception.
1937 The Outline of the Five-year Plan for Strategic Industry promulgated by the Ministry of War clearly applied the wartime system to the automobile industry. In the five years to 194 1, its goal is to increase the annual output by 270%, from 37,000 units (limited to domestic manufacturing) to 100000 units (90,000 units in China and 0/00000 units in Northeast China).
1936 the automobile manufacturing law defines the automobile industry as a key role in preparing for war. Soon, the Ministry of War listed the automobile manufacturing industry as an arms industry. By 1938, Japanese automakers had no choice but to focus on producing trucks instead of cars, and some manufacturers were also required to produce ammunition, such as Mazda.
The passage of the automobile manufacturing law is the first step to control the economy. While ensuring a certain range of material supply and automobile demand, it also limits the activities of automobile manufacturers. Everything from production to sales, including materials, labor and funds, is under the control of the government.
Automobile manufacturing has become a model of industrial development. Since the mid-1920s, the Ministry of Industry and Commerce and the Ministry of Military Affairs have regarded automobile manufacturing as a "comprehensive" industry, because it is interdependent with a series of related industries in providing spare parts. The premise is that the development of automobile industry can also be used as a model for industrial expansion in other fields.
The government authorized the automobile industry to play a key role in Japan's industrial infrastructure construction. This all-round industrial development concept has promoted the development of related industries in specific sectors, which is the basic feature of Japan's post-war industrial policy.
Strengthen government control. 1938 "General Mobilization Law" strengthened the government's control over Japanese industry, including the nationalization of electric power industry and the regulation of steel circulation.
In August this year, the Ministry of Industry and Commerce of China issued guidelines only for truck manufacturing, and the production of passenger cars was cancelled, with some exceptions.
194 1 year, after the United States completely banned the export of oil to Japan, Japan banned the use of gasoline in domestic and commercial vehicles and quickly modified vehicles to use alternative fuels such as charcoal.
From 1930 to 1940, * * produced 284,568 motor vehicles (cars, trucks and buses), most of which were supplied to the army and the rest were distributed to government agencies.
Japanese automakers have no choice but to support the wartime system, and their dream of producing high-quality passenger cars has completely failed. They will have to wait another 20 years.
Since the emergence of Japanese manufacturing system from 65438 to 0935, with the expansion of automobile mass production scale, the development of parts manufacturing industry has become a top priority. ?
Close cooperation between automobile manufacturers and parts manufacturers is very important for improving production technology, quality control and delivery system.
Therefore, Japanese automakers in this period began to systematically cultivate the relatively underdeveloped auto parts industry.
This indicates that the manufacturing method with Japanese characteristics based on mutual trust between manufacturers and suppliers will flourish after the war and attract worldwide attention in recent years.