This picture is called "Thirteen Unique Lights". Let me talk about some basic contents of this picture first.
Tongguang Thirteen Musts is a meticulous sketch portrait painted by Shen Rongpu, a painter at the end of Qing Dynasty, during Guangxu period of Qing Dynasty. This painting was painted by He Shikui, a painter in the middle of Qing Dynasty, referring to the opera characters in the Thirteen Musts of Peking Opera. This is a painting depicting 13 famous Peking Opera actors.
Take a modern picture. Let's begin to introduce Beijing Opera.
Peking Opera is also called Pingju and Peking Opera. In the 15th year of Qing Qianlong (A.D. 1790), four Hui classes, Sanqing, Sixi, Chuntai and Hechun, which were originally performing in the south, entered Beijing one after another, cooperated with artists from Hubei, accepted some plays, tunes and performances of Kunqu Opera and Shaanxi Opera, and absorbed some local folk tunes. After constant communication and integration, Peking Opera was finally formed.
Peking Opera is mainly composed of Huang Er and Xipi, and can be divided into two categories: Fenzichang and Wushu. In the field of literature, the huqin is the main musical instrument, while in the field of martial arts, the drum is the main musical instrument. The role of Peking Opera can be divided into health, Dan, Jing, ugly, miscellaneous, martial arts, Liu and other industries. Every profession has a set of performances, and the skills of singing, reading and playing have their own characteristics. The main performance of Beijing Opera is historical stories. There are more than 1300 traditional plays, and more than 3400 are often performed.
Why put forward the time first? This is because if we want to explain the phenomenon clearly, we must explore its roots.
Peking Opera originated in the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, when China was still in the feudal period, even in the heyday of feudal society. In the Qing Dynasty, stereotyped writing and literary inquisition were miserable. The concept of feudal society in China must be familiar to everyone. Men are superior to women, and women cannot stay at home and show their faces outside. But it is also with the continuous development of economy that people are increasingly pursuing the satisfaction of spiritual life.
The times require that Peking Opera naturally needs a complete drama, but what do ordinary people like? Whether you are killed in battle or your parents are dead, the most unavoidable thing is the love between men and women. A play needs female roles, and it is inevitable to include female roles. What if there were no actresses in feudal society? It is precisely because of this that there is such a universal existence as male Dan.
If actresses could be used in that historical period, why not? Imagine if we were in the historical period at that time, then our fairy sisters might have become fairy brothers.
There are men and women singers nowadays. Actresses can often be seen on CCTV 1 1 channel. Isn't this the epitome of the development of the times?
A period has a period of conditions and social concepts. For example, if we look back at the movies many years ago, you will wonder why the movies were adjusted to such colors. That's not the problem of people at that time, but our aesthetics have changed now.