Han Fei (about 233 BC-28 BC) was a Korean in the late Warring States period (now Xinzheng, Henan Province, is the old city of Zheng and Han), one of the sons of the Korean royal family, and a master of legalism in the Warring States period. According to the Records of the Historian, Han Fei is good at "learning the name of punishment and magic", and both Li Si, the prime minister of Qin Dynasty, are students of Xunzi. Han Fei is not good at words because of stuttering, but his article is outstanding, and even Reese sighs. His works are many, mainly collected in the book Han Feizi. Han Fei was a materialistic philosopher and a master of legalism at the end of the Warring States period, but the ancients considered him a conspiracy scientist, and a large part of Han Fei's works were about conspiracy.
Han Fei witnessed the poverty and weakness of South Korea in the late Warring States period, and wrote to the King of Korea many times, hoping to change the situation that governing the country at that time was not about the rule of law, supporting what was not used, and using what was not supported, but his ideas were never adopted. Han Fei believes that this is "a minister who is honest and can't tolerate evil." He retired from writing books and wrote works such as Lonely Anger, Wu Zhu, Internal and External Storage, Talking about Forests, Talking about Difficulties, etc., with more than 1, words.
Han Fei's books spread to the state of Qin, which was appreciated by the king of Qin. The king of Qin threatened to send troops to attack South Korea, forcing the king of Han to let Han Fei work for him in the state of Qin. Han Fei was highly valued in the State of Qin, which caused the jealousy of Li Si in the Qin Dynasty. Li Si and Yao Jia framed Han Fei in front of the King of Qin, and eventually he was put into prison because he was a Korean imperial clan, and finally forced him to commit suicide. Han Feizi's Lonely Anger Eleventh
The original wise man must be far-sighted and clear-sighted, not clear-sighted, and can't be selfish; A man who can practice the law must be strong and straight, not straight, and cannot be perverted. People and ministers follow orders, and case 2 governs officials, which is not to say that people are also important. Those who value people are good at doing things without orders, losing the law to benefit private interests, consuming the country for the sake of home, and trying to win their monarch. This is also important for people.
A wise man sees clearly, listens and uses it, and the candle is heavy on people's feelings; Those who can learn the law are straightforward, listen to it, and emphasize the treachery of others. Therefore, wisdom can be used by people who use the law, and valuable ministers will be beyond the rope. A man of wisdom and law and a man of pawn can't be enemies.
Note 1. Candle: "On Han Feizi's Internal Storage": "The husband and the day are also the candles of the world." "Historical Records Biography of Lu Zhonglian and Zou Yang": "Famous in the world and neighboring countries." It is used here to illuminate.
2. case: the same as "press". "Zhuangzi Stole the Foot": "The sword in the case is so angry that it sounds like a baby tiger." "Xunzi Wang Zhi": "Yan Ran's case did not move." Historical Records Biography of Wei Qiwu's Anhou: "Thank you for the case." Qing Zhu Junsheng's "Speaking Wen Tong Xun Ding Sheng Cadre": "Case, under the guise of press." It is used here as meaning according to.
A man with intelligence and skill must have foresight and insight. Without insight, he can't illuminate evil in private and dark places. A person who can enforce the law must be strong and upright, and if he is not upright, he can't correct evil. A courtier can't be said to be in charge of the affairs according to laws and regulations, and a hundred officials according to laws and regulations. He who holds power ignores laws and acts without authorization, violates laws and regulations to benefit himself, consumes national strength to make his family cheaper, and his power can control the king. This is the man who holds power.
People who are intelligent and resourceful are observant, ready for appointment, and can illuminate the secrets of those in power; Those who can enforce the law are strong and upright, waiting for appointment, and can correct the wicked behavior of those in power. Therefore, once a person who is intelligent, resourceful and able to enforce the law is appointed, then the minister of official and expensive power must be outside the legal criterion. This is a vendetta between talented people who enforce the law intelligently and those who are in power.
Explain the so-called loneliness and indignation. In this section, Han Fei emphasizes two kinds of people, namely, those with wisdom and skill and those who can learn the law. In modern times, these two kinds of people are very capable people, and those with ability are also called wise people, but there are too few such wise people in modern times. Most people are living in a fog. Most people are at a loss, aimless, nearsighted and selfish about the future. Why is this happening? This is the reason for the fault of traditional culture in China. The "cultural fault" marks the collapse of the axiomatic interpretation system of human society, so people, every living thing on earth, will only worship the "gods" (the mysterious phenomenon in the unknown field) (the religious reasoning system), and will only seal themselves up with limited explanations, build a "fortress" of their hearts, and then use limited knowledge and narrow world outlook and outlook on life to treat others, other things and unknown things. Faced with a series of life-and-death problems such as good fortune and bad fortune in real life, people naturally form various interpretation rules based on villages, regions, customs and habits, and specific cultural atmosphere. The collapse of the social axiom interpretation system established by Zhou Wenwang, Confucius, Ceng Zi, Zisi and Mencius made the rulers of China in past dynasties, when defending their interests, be "private" first, barbaric, and then rational. In this "cultural fault", most people in China are at a loss because of the destruction of Confucianism, so ordinary people "enjoy themselves" in an independent production unit, according to the closed mode of natural economy, and construct their own narrow self-centered reasoning system and lifestyle and dream of a bright future on their own narrow self-centered basis. Therefore, modern people are becoming more and more selfish, more and more close-eyed, and more and more at a loss. If human beings continue to develop like this, they will spare no effort to kill each other until they die!
the original text is good at things, so the outside is used for it. Therefore, if the vassal does not act, it should not be done, so the enemy country will sue it. If a hundred officials don't do it, the industry will not advance, so the ministers will use it; Langzhong 2 can't get close to the Lord because of it, so the left and right are hidden; If a bachelor doesn't do it, he will be humble and humble, so he will talk about it. The four helpers, the evil minister is self-decorated. A heavy man can't be loyal to the Lord and enter his enemy, and the Lord can't help his ministers more than four times, so the worse the Lord is, the heavier the minister is.
Note 1. Litigation: Tong "ode". "Poem Zhao Nan Xing Lu": "Why do you sue me quickly?" "History of Han Wang Mang Biography": "Deeply litigate the merits of mang." "Yi Lin No Great": "The family gives enough to others, and the lawsuit is made simultaneously." It is used here as a tribute.
2. Langzhong: (láng Wolf) ancient corridor character. Originally refers to the palace pavilion, where the guards are located. Official name. The warring States period began. A general term for assistant minister, lieutenant, doctor, etc. Its duty was originally to accompany the guards, make suggestions at any time, and prepare for the appointment of consultants and other attendants. Langguan was used until the Qing Dynasty. Such as: Langguan (a general term for Langzhong and Yuanwailang); Langzhong (Langguan. In the Han Dynasty, Zhong Lang, Shi Lang and Zhong Lang were called Langguan, and they were in charge of the stars. Lang Jiang (official name); Langshu (the official office of Su Wei Guan). Everything is done in moderation: "The situation is in the hands of a doctor, and I dare not cover up the good and disguise the wrong." Notes in the Book of the Later Han Dynasty Huan Di Ji: "Langguan is the subordinate of Sanzhonglang."
3. Disadvantages: pass the "cover". "Zhou Li Da Zai": "Eight officials plan to rule the country with disadvantages." "Zhou Li Si Kou": "Every common people's prison lawsuit will make the state a disadvantage." Laozi's Forty-Five Chapters: "If a great achievement is lacking, its use will not be harmful." "everything is done by Han Fei-zi, difficult one": "Seeing what you know is not inconsistent with the former, and rewarding and punishing is not harmful to the latter." It is used here to cover or block.
If the person in power monopolizes the power without authorization, he will be appointed for him inside and outside the DPRK. Therefore, the vassal does not rely on the ruler, so the deacon is not allowed, so the enemy country praises him; A hundred officials don't rely on those in power, so the official industry can't be promoted, so all the officials should help him; Attendants don't rely on those in power, so they can't get close to the king, so the attendants around the king hide the affair for him; The official in charge of the ceremony and compiling everything does not depend on the person in power, so the salary is meager and the courtesy treatment is low, so the official in charge of the ceremony and compiling everything praises him. The help of these four kinds of people is the reason why the treacherous minister can whitewash himself! Those in power can't be loyal to the king and do their best to hate him. The king can't cross these four kinds of people who help him to see his servants clearly, so the more blinded the monarch is, the heavier the power of the minister will be.
Explain that the people mentioned in this section are the thieves described by Confucius. On the surface, they are honest, fair and selfless, full of benevolence, righteousness and morality, and full of saying that the country is for the people. In fact, they have stolen a country. Their actual power has surpassed that of the supreme ruler. However, the supreme ruler was still complacent, indulging in wine, wine and dogs all day, and still didn't know it until he fell. This issue has actually been discussed by Han Fei in Yang Que, which is also made in anger.
whoever is a pawnbroker is also a master of others, hoping to believe in love and learning from it. If the husband is the master's mind, he will have the same likes and dislikes, and he will stick to his own self-advancement. Official titles are valuable, cronies are numerous, and a country litigates for them. Then the magician who wants to do it is not because he believes in his loved ones and is accustomed to the past, but also because he will correct the heart of the Lord with the words of magic, which is the opposite of the Lord. In a humble position, there is no party isolation. There are countless disputes between husband's estrangement and near love. There are countless disputes between new brigades and old habits; There are countless arguments against ideas and hobbies; There are countless disputes between lightness and preciousness; There are countless ways to compete with a country with one bite. Spells are invincible in five ways, but they can't be seen by age; Dangtu's people take five Katsunosuke, while Danmu speaks alone before. Therefore, the sorcerer can learn from the Tao, but the master can learn from it. Therefore, the capital will be invincible and the potential will not be the same. How can a sorcerer not be in danger? It can be blamed on the wrongdoer and punished by public law; It can't be condemned and poor with a private sword. He who defers to the Lord by knowing magic will die if he is not punished by officials. The cronies who abuse their masters and talk for personal gain will believe in valuing others. Therefore, it can cut off the borrower and make it expensive with the official title; Those who can't borrow a good name are given extra weight. Those who tend to be private because of their disadvantages are not obvious to the official rank, but must be more important than foreign power. Today, the master is not qualified to participate in the examination, but he does not wait to see the merits, so the sorcerer An Nengmeng died and said? Anken, the treacherous minister, took advantage of the benefits and retired? Therefore, the more humble the Lord is, the more respected the private door is.
Note 1. Xi: Everything is done by Han Feizi, Eight Traitors: "Laugh at dwarfs, and learn from the left and right." "Lu Chunqiu Ren Shu": "The learner said." Gao Youzhu: "Learning is near." "Under the Five Elements of History of Han Dynasty": "Get close to learning and grow similar." Yan Shigu's Note: "Learning is good." "The History of the Later Han Dynasty, the Filial Piety and the Emperor's Discipline": "Bandits and bandits will eventually learn." It is used here for the meaning of cronies.
2. A: "Mandarin Zhou Yu": "Give advice and get it." "Book of Rites and Monthly Order": "It is the Chaa Party." "Songs of the South": "The line is sincere but not awkward." Everything is done by Han Feizi: "The law is not expensive, and the rope does not bend." Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals: "A Zhengjun's heart." It is used here to follow and cater to.
3. Open and close. "Zuo Zhuan Zhuang Gong Jiu Nian": "Qin Ziliangzi opened the next road with a public flag, so it stopped at all." "Zhou Li Zhang Jiao": "Let Xian know the likes and dislikes of the king." "The Analects of Confucius Advanced": "Chai is also stupid, he is also a teacher, and he is also a teacher." "The Analects of Confucius Ji's": "Friends are easy to break, and friends are friendly and soft, and friends are awkward and damaging." "The Book of Rites: The Doctrine of the Mean": "Everyone says to know, drive away and accept the traps, but not to know." Mencius on Li Lou: "Boyi broke out and lived on the coast of the North Sea." Xunzi Honor and Disgrace: "No casualties." It is used here to avoid and avoid.
4. let's "slaughter". "Mozi Ming Ghost": "It is to reward the ancestors and to cherish the society." "Book of Rites University": "The monarch is the world." "Book of Rites and Moon Order": "Sacrifice animals and birds." It's used here to mean killing.
5. Bi Zhou: Xun Zi Ru Xiao: "Therefore, it is said that your fame cannot compete with Zhou, nor can you boast about your birthday, nor can you threaten others, but you will be sincere and then you will." Xun Zi Chen Dao: "It is a usurper to be disloyal to the monarch in the upper level, to win the reputation from the people in the lower level, to be unsympathetic to justice and justice, to be a crony than Zhou, and to serve the interests of the Lord and the private interests." Everything is done by Han Feizi: "If you can advance with your reputation today, then I will be better than Zhou from top to bottom." It is used here to mean to form a party for personal gain.
People in power are rarely trusted and loved by kings, and kings employ them as cronies. As for catering to the king's heart, having the same likes and dislikes as the king, he is bound to be promoted without recommendation. The weight of the official position is noble, and there are many party members, which is praised by the whole country. However, people who can enforce the law and have strategies want to get a high position, but they can't get the closeness of the king's trust and love, and they can't get the grace like they treat their cronies, and they use the words of law enforcement and politics to correct the idea that the king wants to be catered to or avoided, which is contrary to the king. Therefore, they are in a humble position, without party affiliation and isolated. People who are alienated compete with those who are close and trusted, and those who are alienated can't win many times; Take the newcomers to compete with their cronies, and the newcomers can't win many times; Take the idea of violating the king and the idea of being consistent with the king, and the transgressor can't win many times; The virtuous minister who takes power lightly competes with the minister who has noble weight, and the virtuous minister cannot win many times; Fight with the whole country with one mouth, but one mouth can't win many times. People who are capable of law and strategy are in these five unsuccessful situations, so they can't see the king for many years; With these five kinds of victorious help, those in power can speak alone in front of the monarch from morning till night. Therefore, through what channels can people who are capable of law and strategy be remonstrated, and when will the king be awakened? Therefore, with the help of others, you can't win. However, the two forces can't coexist. How can people who have the skills and strategies not be in danger? Those who can be framed by charges among the sages use national laws to kill them; Those among them who can't be charged will end them with dark swords. These people who know magic and run counter to the king are not killed by the punishment of the corrupt officials, so they must die by the dark sword. Joining a party for selfish ends to deceive the king, and making false statements for cheap selfishness, the king must believe in those in power. Therefore, those in power can make them dignitaries by virtue of meritorious deeds and official titles; Among them, there is no good name to rely on, and they are weighted by external power. Therefore, people who deceive kings and follow those in power are not distinguished because of official titles, but because of their external power. At present, the king exercises the right of killing without combining the examination and verification, and does not wait until he sees the merit before adding the title to the throne. Therefore, how can people who are good at law and resourcefulness suffer the danger of death and present their opinions? How can a treacherous minister give up and retire when he has a favorable situation? Therefore, the more humble the king is, the higher the status of the powerful.
Explain that this section continues to talk about thieves. As long as such people exist, the monarch can't wake up and rule the country. This kind of thief is actually a very capable person, but they are working hard in the wrong direction. A truly sensible person works for the people of the whole country to live and work in peace and contentment, for the stability of the whole society, and for the profits of the whole enterprise. What about thieves? It's for my own self-interest and for my family. In fact, such people are found in all walks of life and units. Although they are very capable, they often make a mess of a unit and an enterprise for no other reason than their own self-interest.
The original Fu Yue 1 Although the country is rich and the army is strong, the Lord of China knows that it is not good for himself, saying, "It is not my income." Today, although the country has a vast territory and a large population, the people are sheltered by the Lord and the ministers are authoritarian, which makes the country more prosperous. Wisdom is not superior, but not wisdom is not superior to other countries, and those who do not observe it are also. Therefore, the owner said that the people who died together were not dead in the land and the city, and Lu's 2 system was used by Tian. Therefore, it is said that the death of Jin is not the death of the land and the city. Ji's 3 is not made and Liu Qing's 4 is specialized. Today, the minister is arbitrary, but he knows what to do, which is that the owner is unknown. Those who are sick with the dead cannot be born; You can't live with your colleagues who have perished.