Because there are many kinds of documents with their own characteristics, the information content recorded in different types of documents also has their own emphasis. Therefore, it will be of great help to further do a good job in document retrieval by first knowing the level, type and characteristics of documents.
according to the difference of knowledge, quality and quantity of information and processing level, documents are divided into four grades, which are called zero-time documents, primary documents, secondary documents and tertiary documents.
1. Zero-time literature is a special form of information source, which mainly includes two aspects: first, the knowledge information before a literature is formed, that is, it is the oral conversation of people and the non-documentary information that directly acts on human sensory organs; Second, the original documents that have not been published in the society, or all kinds of books and periodicals that have not been officially published, such as letters, manuscripts, records and notes, also include some books and periodicals that are used internally and cannot be obtained through open and formal ordering. Zero-order documents are generally obtained through oral conversation, visiting exhibitions and attending reports, which not only has certain value in content, but also can make up for the time-consuming shortcomings of general public documents from the objective formation of information to public dissemination. 2. A document This is a document produced by people directly based on their own practical experience in production, scientific research, social activities, etc. It is also often called the original document (or the first-class document), and its recorded knowledge and information are relatively novel, specific and detailed. Primary literature is the largest, most diverse, most widely used and most influential literature in the whole literature system, such as periodical papers, patent documents, scientific reports, conference proceedings, dissertations and so on. These documents are innovative, practical and academic, which are the main basis for comparative analysis of documents in sci-tech novelty retrieval.
3. Secondary documents, also known as secondary documents, sort out, concentrate and refine a large number of scattered, disordered primary documents, arrange and store them according to a certain logical order and scientific system, and make them systematic for retrieval and utilization. Its main types are catalogue, index and abstract. The secondary literature has obvious collection, systematicness and retrievability. It collects not the primary literature itself, but the primary literature clues in a specific range. Its importance lies in greatly reducing the time spent searching for a document. Secondary literature is the main tool used to retrieve literature in novelty retrieval.
4. Three documents Three documents, also known as three-level documents, are documents compiled by synthesizing, analyzing and researching a large number of relevant documents. It is usually formed by collecting a large number of related documents around a certain topic by secondary literature retrieval and deeply processing its contents. There are reviews, comments, comments, progress, trends and so on. These documents, which comment, summarize and predict the development trend of existing achievements, have high practical value. In the novelty retrieval work, we can make full use of the review literature that reflects the research trends in a certain field, and understand its research history, development trends and level in a short time, so as to grasp the technical background of the items to be searched more accurately and grasp the novelty retrieval points.
in a word, from zero-order documents, primary documents, secondary documents to tertiary documents, it is a process of processing knowledge and information at different levels from dispersion to concentration, from disorder to order, and from erudite to refined. The quality and quantity of information they contain are different, and they play different roles in improving people's knowledge structure. Zero-order and primary documents are the most basic information sources and the main objects of document information retrieval and utilization; Secondary literature is a centralized refinement and ordering of literature, and it is a tool for literature information retrieval; Three documents are the results of comprehensive analysis and processing of scattered zero documents, primary documents and secondary documents according to the categories of topics or knowledge. They are highly concentrated document information, which is not only the object of document information retrieval and utilization, but also a tool for retrieving document information.
question 2: what is a primary document, a secondary document, and a tertiary document? This is a document produced by people directly based on their own practical experience in production, scientific research, social activities, etc. It is also often called the original document (or the first-class document), and its recorded knowledge and information are relatively novel, specific and detailed. Primary literature is the largest, most diverse, most widely used and most influential literature in the whole literature system, such as periodical papers, patent documents, scientific reports, conference proceedings, dissertations and so on. These documents are innovative, practical and academic, which are the main basis for comparative analysis of documents in sci-tech novelty retrieval.
secondary documents, also known as secondary documents, sort out, concentrate and refine a large number of scattered, disordered primary documents, arrange and store them according to a certain logical order and scientific system, and make them systematic for retrieval and utilization. Its main types are catalogue, index and abstract. The secondary literature has obvious collection, systematicness and retrievability. It collects not the primary literature itself, but the primary literature clues in a specific range. Its importance lies in greatly reducing the time spent searching for a document. Secondary literature is the main tool used to retrieve literature in novelty retrieval.
Three documents Three documents, also known as three-level documents, are documents compiled through synthesis, analysis and research by selecting a large number of relevant documents. It is usually formed by collecting a large number of related documents around a certain topic by secondary literature retrieval and deeply processing its contents. There are reviews, comments, comments, progress, trends and so on. These documents, which comment, summarize and predict the development trend of existing achievements, have high practical value. In the novelty retrieval work, we can make full use of the review literature that reflects the research trends in a certain field, and understand its research history, development trends and level in a short time, so as to grasp the technical background of the items to be searched more accurately and grasp the novelty retrieval points.
question 3: what are primary documents, secondary documents and tertiary documents? Zero documents: the most original documents that have not been published or entered social communication. Such as personal notes, experimental records and other primary documents: usually refers to the original creation, that is, the documents created (or written) by the author's own research results as the basic elements, mainly including secondary documents such as periodical papers, scientific reports and dissertations: the products obtained by the document information workers after processing and sorting out the primary documents for the purpose of management and utilization, including bibliographies, indexes, abstracts and so on. Three documents: the results compiled by using the contents of the secondary documents and selecting the contents of the primary documents, such as dictionaries, handbooks, yearbooks, encyclopedias, monographs, textbooks, paper clusters, reviews, document guides and bibliographies. The process from primary literature to secondary literature and then to tertiary literature is the process from extensive literature to centralized literature, from unorganized literature to systematic literature. It is also a process in which the processing depth (hierarchical structure) of documents changes from disorder to order, and from one orderly structure to another perfect orderly structure.
question 4: what are primary documents, secondary documents and tertiary documents, and what are their relationships? Give an example of a literature: also known as original literature, it refers to the literature written by people according to their own scientific experiments and production practices. Such as periodical papers, scientific reports, conference papers, dissertations, patents, etc.
secondary literature: also known as retrieval tools, refers to various retrieval tools formed after processing and sorting primary information. Such as catalogues, bibliographies, abstracts, etc.
Three documents: refers to the documents written by synthesizing, analyzing, researching and commenting on the contents based on a large number of primary documents. Such as review, summary, review, catalogue, manual, etc.
from primary literature to secondary literature and tertiary literature is a process from extensive to limited, from decentralized to centralized, from unorganized to systematic, and it is also a process in which the hierarchical structure of scientific and technological literature resources changes from disorder to order, and from one orderly structure to another perfect orderly structure.
Question 5: Which of the following documents belongs to three-time literature dissertations, scientific reports and patent documents belong to one-time literature; Most periodical papers and conference papers belong to one document.
Contents, titles, abstracts and indexes belong to secondary literature.
Monographs, reviews, encyclopedias, standard documents and product samples belong to three documents. The comprehensive articles in periodical papers and conference papers belong to three times. A small part of the dissertation is a comprehensive paper, which also belongs to three documents.
question 6: three documents 1.
three documents:
using the clues provided by the secondary documents, a large number of first-time documents are selected, and the re-published documents are synthesized, analyzed and commented, such as various reviews, progress reports, dynamic reviews, manuals, yearbooks and encyclopedias. All kinds of textbooks we use are also three documents.
The above-mentioned zero-order documents are very difficult to collect and use because they have not entered the channels of publication, distribution and circulation, and generally cannot be used as the types of documents we use. The latter three documents are a process from scattered original documents to systematization and intensification. Generally speaking, primary literature is the foundation and the object of retrieval and utilization; Secondary literature is a tool to retrieve primary literature, so it is also called retrieval tool; The three documents are a highly concentrated document and an important information source for our achievements.
2.
In the ISO management system,
such as reference books
under manuals and procedures
Question 7: What are primary documents, secondary documents and tertiary documents? A primary document is written by the original author, and a secondary document refers to a point or a paragraph in a primary document, but it cannot be exactly the same; The third literature refers to some contents of the second literature. < P > Question 8: What are the manifestations of the third literature, such as statistical yearbooks? The third literature is the literature sorted out on the second literature.