First, you can apply for a patent, and there is no need to have physical products or samples, because patents protect design ideas.
Second, one condition for patent authorization is that it is not made public before application. Therefore, if there is no similar technology made public, the possibility of your patent authorization will be higher.
Third, your technology can apply for an invention or utility model patent, and you need to submit patent application documents (the specific format can be downloaded from the official website of the Patent Office, or see my answers to patent applications)